Bolivia Complete Culture Study Essay, Research Paper

Finish: La Paz, BOLIVIA Facts at a GlanceFull state name: Republic of BoliviaArea: 1,098,580 sq kilometer ( 428,446 sq myocardial infarction ) Population: 7,826,350Capital metropolis: La Paz ( pop 1,000,000 ) and Sucre ( pop 100,000 ) Peoples: 30 % Quechua Indian, approx 28 % ladino, 25 % Aymar? Indian, approx 10 % European ( chiefly Spanish ) Language: Spanish but most Indians speak either Quechua or Aymar? ; composite idioms of Spanish-Aymar? and Spanish-Quechua are besides widely spokenReligion: 95 % Roman CatholicGovernment: DemocracyPresident: General Hugo Banzer EnvironmentHere is a sum-up of the clime and environment so you know what sort of closet and other accommodations you need to do in order to set to different conditions patterns.Bolivia itself is sandwiched between Peru, Paraguay, Argentina, Brazil and Chile in cardinal South America. It is the fifth-largest state on the continent, mensurating approximately the size of France and Spain combined. There are five geographical parts: the extremely populated Altiplano, a 3500m ( 11,480ft ) tableland which stretches from the Peruvian boundary line North of Lake Titicaca due souths to the Argentine boundary line ; the upland vale, which lie to the South and E of the Altiplano and which boast near optimal climatic conditions and fertile dirts. Because of the utmost geographical fluctuations, Bolivia has a broad scope of climactic forms. By and large, temperatures are cool, with the showery period widening from November to March in most of the state. The metropolis of La Paz is frequently has really cold temperatures and sometimes snow, while the Altiplano part is prone to severe deluging. During the dry period the clime is pleasant, though clear skies can do nighttime temperatures to drop. In the Lowlandss, the conditions is hot and cheery, with the occasional downpour assisting to chill things down.The metropolis of La Paz is situated 2 stat mis supra sea degree. It is geographically placed in a canon which merely shows a intimation of verdure. This makes the O premium and height illness common for aliens so be prepared for a alteration in take a breathing patterns.. HistoryYou will necessitate to cognize some economic info to be able to be current with issues and maintain good conversation during concern assemblages. Civilization in the Bolivian Andes is thought to stretch back some 21,000 old ages. The most influential Pre-columbian civilizations were the Tiahuanaco, who were based around Lake Titicaca and who ruled the part between 600-1200 AD, and the Incas, who headed a huge imperium which comprised most of Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador and northern Chile.The Spanish conquering of the state began in 1531 under Francisco Pizarro. The conquistadors made rapid advancement, working the trust ( and subsequently the disunity ) of the Indians to procure the district which became known as Alto Peru within two old ages. In 1544, sedimentations of Ag were discovered at Potos? . The wealth generated by this find underwrote the Spanish economic system ( and the extravagancy of its sovereign ) for more than two centuries. However, conditions for the mine workers were shocking with most of the enslaved Indians and Africans deceasing within a few years.The procedure of accomplishing independency from the rake Spanish disposal eventually came in the signifier of Sim? n Bolivar & # 8217 ; s lieutenant Antonio Jos? de Sucre, in the conflict of Ayacucho in 1824. Bolivia was officially declared a republic the undermentioned year.Bolivia & # 8217 ; s district had ever been coveted by its neighbours, embracing as it did over 2 million square kilometres ( 780,000 sq myocardial infarction ) . Chile & # 8217 ; s want for more land foremost bore fruit in the War of the Pacific, which it fought with Bolivia between 1879 and 1884. Chile triumphed, procuring 850km ( 527mi ) of coastline and robbing Bolivia of the port of Antofagasta, go forthing the state landlocked. Soon after, Peru, Brazil and Argentina besides began choping off at Bolivia & # 8217 ; s boundary lines. In 1932, a boundary line difference with Paraguay in the Chaco part over oil sedimentations stripped Bolivia of farther land. The resulting Chaco War ( 1932-1935 ) besides served to agitate civil agitation within the state, proclaiming progressive associations and taking to a series of putschs by progressive military leaders. Possibly the most important development during this clip was the formation of the democrat Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionario ( MNR ) . In 1951, the MNR, under the leading of V? ctor Paz Estenssoro, prevailed in the general elections but were stymied by a last-minute putsch. The putsch provoked a popular armed rebellion which became known as the April Revolution of 1952. The armed forces was later defeated and Paz Estenssoro was brought back.In 1964, a military junta headed by General Ren? Barrientos overthrew the MNR. Military governments later came and went with humdrum regularity until the election of the left-of-center civilian Movimiento de la Izquierda Revolucionaria ( MIR ) under Dr Hern? n Siles Zuazo in 1982. Three old ages subsequently Zuazo was defeated by Paz Estenssoro & # 8217 ; s MNR, who instantly sought to control the stratospheric rising prices degrees ( at one point making 35,000 % yearly ) and implemented asceticism steps. Hugo Banzer Suarez of the ADN is presently president of Bolivia.Bolivia has now become the universe & # 8217 ; s second-largest exporter, after Colombia, of cocaine, which has alienated the USA, Bolivia & # 8217 ; s chief beginning of assistance. Bolivia is presently competing to beef up its regional links and is a protagonist of a South American common market. While rising prices has been reduced to around 10 % yearly, the state & # 8217 ; s history of hyperinflation still deters abroad investors. Bolivia & # 8217 ; s chief structural job is the immense gulf between the universe of 20th-century concern and the life of the bulk of Bolivians, who remain subsistent provincials. Economic ProfileGDP: US $ 23.1 billionGDP per caput: US $ 3000Annual growing: 4.4 % Inflation: 7 % Major industries: Agribusiness, narcotics, Sn excavation, natural gas Major trading spouse: USA Unemployment rate-10 % Population Growth rate- 2 % Birth rate- 31.43 births/1,000 populationDeath rate- 9.89 deaths/1,000 populationNet migration rate- 1.53 migrants/1,000 populationInfant mortality rate- 63.86/1,000 populationLife expectancy- 60.89 yearsLiteracy rate- 83.1 % Electricity- 110v and 220v in LaPaz, 220v outside the metropolis. Make certain to look into object before stop uping them in.Weights and measurements- Metric system CultureThis is merely an overview of the people and their civilization so you will cognize what to expect.Musical traditions within Bolivia are clearly regional: strains of Andean music from the desolate Altiplano are appropriately stalking and plaintive, while those of warmer Tarija, with its compliment of eccentric musical instruments, take on more exuberant tones. Dances such as the cueca, auqui-auqui and tinku keep a reverent topographic point in popular civilization. Other signifiers of common people look include whirling and weaving, which display regional differences but have changed little over the last 3000 years.Spanish is the official linguistic communication, yet merely 60 to 70 % of the people really speak it, and so frequently merely as a 2nd linguistic communication. The balance speak Quechua, the linguistic communication of the Inca, or Aymar? , the pre-Inca linguistic communication of the Altiplano. Approximately 95 % of Bolivia & # 8217 ; s population professes to be Roman Catholic, but the absence of clergy in rural countries has led to a synthesis of Inca and Aymar? beliefs with Christianity. The intercrossed Christian/folk faith is an interesting conglobation of philosophies, rites and superstitious notions. Bolivia & # 8217 ; s nutrient is dominated by meat dishes, accompanied by rice, murphies and shredded boodle. Sometimes llajhua ( a hot sauce made from tomatoes and pepper cods ) will be used to add spice and spirit to a dish. Bolivian beer, vino and hookah ( weapons-grade corn spirits ) are all good but be warned: if invited to imbibe with locals, be prepared as the intoxicant is strong and Bolivian imbibing wonts lusty.The existent colour of the state is said to be in the people. It is common to see adult females with chapeaus called bowlers that are worn to the side if they are individual and on top if they are married. The streets are filled with gun luging military and concern work forces in white shirts. Make certain to larn some Spanish because Bolivians love to talk.EventsEvents are of import to cognize so that you will maintain on top of the altering cultureBolivian fetes are constantly of spiritual or political beginning, usually marking a Christian or Indian saint or God, or a political event such as a conflict or revolution. The celebrations typically include tonss of common people music, dancing emanations, nutrient, intoxicant, ritual and by and large unrestrained behaviour. Major fetes include Fiesta de la Virgen de Candelaria, a week-long festival in the virgin & # 8217 ; s honour, best seen in Copacabana on the shores of Lake Titicaca ( early February ) ; Carnival is a countrywide event but is best seen in Oruro ( the hebdomad before Lent ) ; Phujllay is held in Tarabuco to mark the Battle of Lumbati ( early March ) ; the alive Festividad de Nuestro Se? or Jes? s del Gran Poder is held in La Paz to observe the power of Jesus Christ ( May-June ) ; and Independence Day is a exuberant countrywide party ( 6 August ) . Money & A ; CostsCurrency: Boliviano ( B $ ) Conversion Rate1 US Dollar-5.7600 Bo

livian BolivianoGeneral monetary guidelinesAs a rule, visitors fare best with US dollars, which are the only foreign currency accepted throughout Bolivia. Currencies of neighboring countries may be exchanged in border areas and at certain La Paz casas de cambio. All casas de cambio change cash dollars and some also change travelers’ checks. You can often change money in travel agencies, jewelery or appliance stores and pharmacies. When exchanging money, ask for the cash in small denominations, as there are chronic problems with change. Major credit cards may be used in larger cities. IMPORTANTTipping- With the exception of being at very expensive restaurants and hotels, you should not tip or the natives will consider you a silly gringo. Warnings to employeeThe area between Cochabamba and Santa Cruz in central Bolivia has been the scene of anti-narcotics campaigns and is potentially dangerous. Travelers should consult their embassy prior to traveling to assess the security risk. The country is the world’s third largest producer of coca, which is linked directly to the production of cocaine.Drug penalties: U.S. citizens are subject to the laws in which they are traveling so as an American, you are still subject to the laws of Bolivia. Laws concerning trafficking and possession of drugs carry consequences of heavy fines and lengthy prison sentences. Incarcerated persons can expect to wait longer than two years before even being convicted. Prison conditions are very primitive and prisoners are expected to pay for their own room and board.Visas: Regulations change frequently, but currently citizens of most EC countries can stay 90 days without a visa; citizens of the USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, France and Benelux countries can stay 30 days without a visa. Most other nationalities require a visa in advance – usually issued for a 30-day stay.Health risks Altitude sickness, Chagas disease, cholera, hepatitis, malaria, polio, rabies, tetanus and typhoid Attractions in La Paz People congregate around the splendid Iglesia de San Francisco (construction began in 1549) with its arresting blend of mestizo and Spanish styles. Behind the church is the Witches’ Market where you can buy a bizarre assortment of goods including amulets, potions, delicately crafted silver jewelry, sweets and dried llama fetuses. La Paz also has a number of museums, including the Museo Costumbista Juan de Vargas, which contains some superb dioramas of the city, and the Museo de Metales Preciosos Pre-Columbinos, which houses three impressively presented salons of pre-Conquest silver, gold and copper works. Standing guard over all this is Illimani (6460m/21,188ft), some 60km (37mi) to the east, which is arguably Bolovia’s most famous peak.Most of the budget accommodation and cheap eateries can be found in the area between Calle Manco Capac and the Prado. For entertainment, there are folk-music shows, bars (generally with incoherent patrons), several good discos and numerous cinemas. Because of the often chilly temperatures, warm clothing is essential throughout the year.Around La Paz is the aptly named Valle de la Luna, which is an eroded hillside maze of miniature canyons and pinnacles 11km (7mi) east of the city; the spectacular Zongo Valley, 50km (31mi) north of the city, which has ice caves, turquoise lakes and the peak of Huayna Potos?; and the historical ceremonial center of Tiahuanaco, 70km (43mi) west of the city, which is Bolivia’s most important archaeological site. Lake TiticacaTraditionally regarded as the highest navigable body of water in the world (in reality there are higher lakes in Chile and Peru), Lake Titicaca is immense: its dimensions measure 233km (145mi) from northwest to southeast and 97km (60mi) from northeast to southwest. The lake has an indented shoreline, 36 islands and exceptionally clear sapphire-blue water. Titicaca is revered by the Indians who live on its shores, and the Islas del Sol and Islas de la Luna, two islands in the lake, are the legendary sites of the Inca’s creation myths. The main town in the area is Copacabana, which has a sparkling white Moorish-style cathedral and is host to the Fiesta de la Virgen de Candelaria. Isla Suriqui is world-renowned for its totora reed boats; Isla Kalahuta for its stone tombs; and Isla Incas is reputed in legend to have an underground network of passageways linking it to the old Inca capital of Cuzco in Peru. You should wear protective head gear around the lake because the thin air results in scorchingly high levels of ultraviolet radiation. Half of the lake lies within the borders of Peru; Puno is the principal settlement and main center for excursions on the Peruvian shore of the lake. Activities that you can do in your spare timeMost of the popular treks, or hiking, begin near La Paz, traverse the Cordillera Real on ancient Inca routes, and end in the Yungas. The three-day La Cumbre to Coroico Trek, northeast of La Paz, is the premier hike in Bolivia. Other popular treks include the two-day Taquesi Trek, also known as the Inca Trail, which crosses a low pass in the Cordillera Real between Ventilla and Chulumani; the little-known Yunga Cruz Trek, between the village of Chu?avi and Chulumani, which passes over a shoulder of the mighty Illimani; and the six-day El Camino de Oro, or Gold Trail, which heads from Sorata to the R&iacuteo Tipuani goldfields. The less strenuous walk to the Zongo Valley Ice Caves near La Paz is a spectacular alternative for those suffering cramps or needing to adjust gently to the high altitude. The Cordillera Real also offer great climbing opportunities, including Illimani, 6088m (19,970ft) Huayna Potos?, 5648m (18,525ft) Condoriri and the 6427m (21,080ft) Ancohuma. You can ski at the world’s highest developed ski run atop a glacier on the slopes of Chacaltaya, near La Paz, or at nearby but less developed areas on Condoriri and Mururata. When you’ve exhausted the mountains, jungle treks in the Amazonian Basin can be arranged in Rurrenabaque, El Porvenir (in the Reserva Biosf&eacuterica del Beni), Perseverancia (in the Preseverancia and Reserva de Vida Salvaje R?os Blanco y Negro) and in the remote but pristine Parque Nacional Noel Kempff Mercado in the northernmost reaches of Santa Cruz Department. River boats plying the R&iacuteo Mamor? from Trinidad go into the heart of Bolivia’s greatest wilderness area, enabling travelers to experience the mystique and solitude for which the Amazon is renowned. Getting There & Away Only a limited number of airlines offer services directly to Bolivia and fares are high. We will be flying you into the country via L.A.B. airline in a business class ticket which retailers for around 1,100 dollars. For reference as to family or friends flying in to visit, many people fly into another South American country, such as Argentina, Brazil, Colombia or Peru, and travel overland to Bolivia, which generally works out to be cheaper. Border crossing points include Villaz?n-La Quiaca and Yacuiba-Pocitos (Argentina); Quijarro-Corumb? and Guayaramer&iacuten-Guajar?-Mirim (Brazil); Chara?a-Visviri and Abaroa-Ollag?e (Chile); Yunguyo-Puno and Desaguadero-Puno (Peru). Getting Around once you’ve gotten thereDomestic air services are provided by LAB, TAM and AeroXpress. Be prepared for delays, cancellations and general unreliability. Bolivia’s road network is not good, mainly because of the lack of paved roads. If your going to rent a vehicle, There are two rental facilities close to the airport.OCM andKolla Motors LTD Rates:The average rate for rental is $55/day; $650/week; $2500/monthMost long-distance buses depart in the evening and travel through the night. If you want to see the countryside between towns, you’re better off catching a truck, a popular mode of transport among campesinos. Trucks are half the price of buses, but can be rough going. There are two rail networks: one in the west and one in the east. The eastern network is completely chaotic; the western network is just disorganised. Don’t be fooled by trains called tren expreso and other zippy names; all trains apart from the ferrobus are excruciatingly slow. The Ichilo, Mamor?, Beni, Madre de Dios and Guapor? rivers are the main thoroughfares in the Amazon Basin. Recommended Reading by natives? A Sick People (1909) and The Bronze Race (1919) by the positivist historian Alcides Arguedas are withering yet compassionate accounts of his country and its people. ? The Conquest of the Incas by John Hemming is the definitive work on the Spanish conquest of the ancient empire. ? Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s memorable The Lost World was inspired by tales of the northeastern Bolivian plateaux. ? At Play in the Fields of the Lord by Peter Mathiessen is a moral tale of missionaries in the Amazonian rainforests. ? Emperor of the Amazon by Brazilian M?rcio Souza is a biting modern satire on the horrors of the Amazon and the absurdity of personal and governmental attempts to conquer it. Embassy Location and registrationAs an American, You are urged by the embassy to register with the embassy and obtain security risk information from the consular. It is located at 2780 Avenida ArceTelephone – (519)(2) 430251