Bone Diseases Essay, Research Paper

Bone diseases most straight

influence the ability to walk or to travel any portion of

the organic structure & # 8211 ; custodies, limbs, cervix, and spinal column. They are

related to joint upsets & # 8211 ; ARTHRITIS,

COLLAGEN DISEASE, DISLOCATION of

articulations, and RHEUMATISM. The medical

forte refering to bone upsets is

ORTHOPEDICS. Fractures are the most

common bone upsets. They can happen as the

consequence of an accident or be secondary to metabolic

diseases. Fractures are dangerous to aged

people holding the metabolic bone disease

OSTEOPOROSIS, in which bones become

porous and brickle. A individual, largely adult females,

holding osteoporosis may interrupt a hip during a autumn

and perchance decease from complications. Birth Defects

Congenital bone diseases constitute a broad

spectrum, runing from the unimportant & # 8211 ; for

case, mild bow legs & # 8211 ; to severe lesions, such as

spina bifida, in which the lower terminal of the spinal column

fails to develop decently and the babe is born with

palsy and deformed vertebrae. Congenital

diseases may hold hormonal bases: for illustration,

hempen DYSPLASIA, in which hempen tissue

replaces that of some castanetss, frequently consequences in bone

malformation ; in add-on, some misss with this disease

physically mature so early that they are capable of

gestation and childbearing at the age of seven.

Congenital defects besides may hold familial bases,

as in households who have excess fingers or toes or in

the disease osteogenesis imperfecta, in which

kids have such brickle castanetss that many are

fractured. Disorders of growing and development

include several sorts of nanism and giantism.

Boness or limbs may develop malformation as the

consequence of known causes, such as the infection

infantile paralysis, or unknown or variable causes, such

as curvature of the spinal column ( SCOLIOSIS ) or

CLUBFOOT. Infections Infections of bone, called

osteomyelitis, are normally caused by pus-producing

bacteriums, particularly Staphylococcus and

Streptococcus. Before the development of

antibiotics, kids often contracted this

disease. Today bone infections are introduced

chiefly through breaks and during surgical

operations. Peoples infected with pox,

TB, leprosy, or frambesias are susceptible to

bone harm. Metabolic Disorders Metabolic

abnormalcies frequently involve defects in the storage

of minerals, peculiarly Ca and phosphate

ions, in the skeleton. Diseases of the kidney can

cause a metabolic instability of phosphate and

Ca so that weakening of the bone occurs.

Other metabolic bone diseases are osteoporosis,

urarthritis, OSTEOARTHRITIS, and PAGET & # 8217 ; S

DISEASE. Nutritional Disorders Nutritional

lacks that result in bone harm include

RICKETS in kids and osteomalacia in grownups,

caused by a deficiency of vitamin D. In kids,

Ca

and phosphate are ill distributed on castanetss

during development, ensuing particularly in

malformation of the legs and weaponries. In grownups, castanetss of

the spinal column, pelvic girdle, and legs become demineralized

and the castanetss weaken. SCURVY & # 8211 ; caused by a

deficiency of vitamin C & # 8211 ; besides affects bone tissues. A

survey in the late eightiess indicated that the mineral

B is nutritionally of import, every bit good.

Apparently, it reduces loss of the bone minerals

Ca, phosphate, and Mg and helps to

maintain equal blood degrees of estrogen and

testosterone, which play a function in bone wellness.

Toxic Diseases The importance of toxic conditions

of castanetss to public wellness became apparent because

of such calamities as thalidomide-induced birth

defects and Ra toxic condition. The drug

THALIDOMIDE was given to pregnant adult females in

England and Germany for usage as a sleeping pill

and to handle sickness. It caused an epidemic in

which 1000s of babes were born with

deformed or losing limbs. Womans employed

during the 1920s as painters of luminescent clock

dials were inadvertently exposed to radium from the

pigment as they licked their coppices. Many died,

either from anaemia or from bone malignant neoplastic disease, alarming

physicians to the dangers of radiation and

subsequent radiation hurt. Other types of toxic

bone disease include fluoride and lead toxic condition

and overexposure to X beams. Tumors Bone

tumours, although non common, are non rare ; benign

tumours are more common than malignant 1s

( sarcomas ) . Metastatic tumours & # 8211 ; those which arise

chiefly in another tissue and spread by the blood

to the skeleton, where they normally grow in many

topographic points at one time & # 8211 ; are really common in castanetss,

although tumours arising in castanetss are non. The

skeleton is 2nd merely to the lung as a site for

metastases of CANCER. More human deaths and

greater hurting are associated with metastases of

bone than with any other type of malignant neoplastic disease.

Treatments Treatments for bone diseases vary as

widely as the causes. Physical upsets frequently

necessitate mechanical therapy & # 8211 ; for case, plaster

dramatis personaes for breaks and braces and splints for

support. Drugs are used for metabolic jobs,

and antibiotics for infections. Corrective surgery

benefits many people holding such diseases as

scoliosis. Therapy can affect

REHABILITATION MEDICINE, by which

victims of hurt, malformation, and amputation can

larn how to work every bit usually as possible.

Jonathan Cohen, M.D. Bibliography: Avoli, L. V. ,

and Krane, S. M. , eds. , Metabolic Bone Disease,

2d erectile dysfunction. ( 1987 ) ; Berry, C. L. , ed. , Bone and Joint

Disease ( 1982 ) ; Greenfield, G. B. , Radiology of

Bone Diseases, 4th erectile dysfunction. ( 1986 ) ; Maroteaux,

Pierre, Bone Diseases of Children, trans. by H.

Kaufmann ( 1979 ) ; Uhthoff, H. K. , ed. , Current

Concepts of Bone Fragility ( 1986 ) .