About two hundred old ages ago. Raffles arrived at a little fishing small town in Melaka Strait. took charge of it and started a new coevals. Now. this little fishing small town is named Singapore and became one of the most globalized states in the universe. Raffles. the adventurer in 1819. is still an iconic hero in Singapore’s societal memory. This paper will construe the initiation of Singapore in 1819 as a consequence of four chief factors: Raffles’ aspiration as a clerk of the East India Company. the Anglo- Dutch competition. Malay policy and Temasek’s resurgence as a trading department store in fourteenth century.

First of all. the competitions between British and Dutch advanced EIC’s procedure of happening Singapore. Even though Dutch and British had been Alliess in the Glorious Revolution. with the colonial enlargement of British. Dutch bit by bit lost their laterality of planetary trade. There were four Anglo-Dutch wars from 1652-1784 which showed how intense the Anglo-Dutch competitions were.

Since Dutch controlled Batavia in 1619. EIC stepped up their enlargement in Southeast Asia. When EIC had already took control in India. EIC was eager to happen an outstation expand trade. unafraid trade paths and to procure bases for trade in Southeast Asia to against Dutch’s laterality in this part. Hence. EIC sent Raffles to Southeast Asia to happen a strategic location for British to procure their trades. History proves that Singapura turned out to be the apogee of EIC’s enlargement in Southeast Asia. In a word. happening Singapura to do it an outstation of EIC was one of British strategic measure of spread outing their control and guarantee their secure in Southeast Asia.

Second. the initiation of Singapore can be seen as a consequence of Raffles’ personal aspirations as an employee of the East India Company ( EIC ) . The East India Company is seen as an anomalousness in the history of the universe and a arm of British Empire in Southeast Asia in 1600-1873. As mentioned before. being given an imperial power. EIC was taking to construct a colonial part in Southeast Asia and fight against Dutch. However. Raffles. as a clerk of EIC. took an escapade to Singapura when more than half of EIC clerks tried to Asia died in the procedure. Since EIC was urgently to hold an outstation over the southern terminal of Melaka Strait. Raffles. as a low clerk in EIC. was ambitious to take the challenge and convey his calling to a higher degree.

As a consequence of this. he was appointed to be Lieut-Governor in this part. From another position. being influences by the free port Batavia which was controlled and ran by Dutch. Raffles decided to happen a strategic location over the southern terminal of Melaka Strait and do it a free port which against EIC’s thought of constructing Singapura as a colonial outstation of EIC. He declared his head in his journal to do Singapura a free port which welcomes merchandisers and trades. . Apparently. Raffles’ determination of doing Singapura a free port is a important start on the manner that Singapore became a globalized metropolis from a small fishing small town. and this determination was against EIC’s policy that Singpura should be built as its colonial outstation.

From these two positions. the initiation of Singapore as a free port can be seen as Raffles’ aspiration of constructing prestigiousness in EIC or making a new free port. Third. Raffles’ subscribing with Tengku Husain is besides a important factor in determination of Singapura. After Tengku Husain’s father died. even though he was supposed to take charge of the land. he had neith recognization nor power in SIngapura. At that clip. fingding person who could assist him gain his control and repute. As mentioned before. in the average clip. Raffles was looking for some where as EIC’s outstation. Quikly. they became spouses and signed pact.

In the pact. Raffles was able to take control of Singpura. and in exchange. Raffles who stood for EIC’s power in Southeast Asia recognized Tengku Husain as Lord of the Straits. and promised to portion the wealth that Singapura generates with the aid of EIC’s power. Without subscribing with subscribing with Raffles. Hengku Husian would likely hold to go on to eke out a life on Pulau Penyengat. while without subscribing with Tengku Husian. Raffles would non acquire the chance to be after and run the little island and turned it into a important port. and that turned out to be a fatal measure on Singapore’s manner of being an international large metropolis. Last by non least. the determination of Singapore besides can be seen as the staying consequence of fourteenth century trading department store in Temasek ( Singapore ) .

Connecting the flourishing civilisations of Asia –China. India and Middle East. Melaka Strait’s trades were greatly affected by those states. and Temasek. as a gateway of backwoods and a aggregation of assorted merchandises. attracted most of business communities to merchandise here. With the turning trades between China. India and Southeast Asia and their friendly relationship with it. Temasek as a chief port established an department store which can be an grounds of Singapore’s strategic location.

In the interim. China’s immense demands on Singapore’s chief merchandises hornbill casques. lakawood and cotton besides brought Singapore great net incomes. In a grade. the success of Singapore as a port can be described as a merchandise of a good relationship and policy with chief trading states. Similar state of affairs happened in 1819. As chief bargainers in Southeast Asia. British. or EIC. had signed a pact with Singapura to develop its laterality. Collaborating with chief bargainers is seemingly one ground of determination of Singapore which is similar to the ground of fourteenth century trading department store in Singapore.

To sum up. the event happened in Singapore in 1819 can be interpreted in four ways. First. Raffles’ aspiration as a clerk of EIC urged the determination of Singapore. Second. the competitions between British and Dutch made British speed up their enlargement to Singapore. Third. Tengku Husian’s avidity to happen external support pushed him to subscribe with Raffles. Finally. the staying consequence of fourteenth century trading department store in Temasek established the foundation of the determination of Singapore as a port metropolis.

Part2:

In my sentiment. the words in the plaque should be rewrite as “On this history site. sir Thomas Stamford Raffles foremost landed in Singapore on 28th January 1819 and with mastermind and perceptual experience advanced the development of Singapore from an vague fishing small town to a great haven and modern metropolis” . In the original plaque. Raffles’ set downing in Singapore is seen as altering the fate of Singapore from a fishing small town to a planetary metropolis. which means that without Raffles’ sing. Singapore will ne’er go such a globalized metropolis.

As what the paper declared before. the determination of Singapore is caused by external grounds. aspirations of Raffles and Anglo-Dutch competitions. and internal grounds which are Malay policies. the trading history of Singapore and Singapore’s strategic location. In the determination and development of Singapore as a port metropolis. even though Raffles’ part is important. those internal grounds established the foundation of Singapore’s success.

Harmonizing to Dobbs. “Its location and position as a free port shortly attracted vass involved in regional trade from Siam. Malaya. Burma. Dutch East Indies every bit good as China and India. ” Clearly. without Singapore strategic location. Singapore will ne’er be an international port metropolis. In contrast. if EIC didn’t send Raffles to Singapore. there may be person sent by other colonial powers or some outstanding local leaders in Singapore that can be after and run Singapore and do it a planetary metropolis. Hence. Raffles’ and EIC’s attempts can merely be seen as catalyzer of Singapore’s success in trading.

Mention
Batavia. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. vocsite. nl/geschiedenis/handelsposten/batavia. hypertext markup language George P. L. The British East India Company – the Company that Owned a State ( or Two ) . Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. victorianweb. org/history/empire/india/eic. hypertext markup language Kwa. C. G. “Why did Tengku Hussein Sign the 1819 Treaty with Stamford Raffles? ” in Malays/Muslims in Singapore: Selected Readings in History 1819-1965. explosive detection systems. Khoo Kay Kim. Elinah Abdullah. Wan Meng Hao ( Subang Jaya. Selangor: Pelanduk Publications. 2006 ) . pp. 05. Kwa. C. G. Singapore. A 700- Year History From Early Department store to World City. PP. 27-28. Lesley. N. B. The Contemplator’s Short History of the Anglo-Dutch Wars. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. contemplator. com/history/dutchwar. hypertext markup language Noltie. H. J. ( 2009 ) . Raffles’ Ark Redrawn: Natural History Drawings from the Collections of Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles. Raffles’ Diary. ( Feb. 1819 ) .

Stephen. D. The Singapore River/Port in a Global Context. Singapore in Global History. pp 57-63.

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[ 1 ] . Lesley. N. B. The Contemplator’s Short History of the Anglo-Dutch Wars. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. contemplator. com/history/dutchwar. hypertext markup language [ 2 ] . Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. vocsite. nl/geschiedenis/handelsposten/batavia. hypertext markup language [ 3 ] . George P. L. The British East India Company – the Company that Owned a State ( or Two ) . Retrieved from
hypertext transfer protocol: //www. victorianweb. org/history/empire/india/eic. hypertext markup language [ 4 ] . Noltie. H. J. ( 2009 ) . Raffles’ Ark Redrawn: Natural History Drawings from the Collections of Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles. [ 5 ] . Raffles’ Diary. ( Feb. 1819 ) .

[ 6 ] . Kwa. C. G. “Why did Tengku Hussein Sign the 1819 Treaty with Stamford Raffles? ” in Malays/Muslims in Singapore: Selected Readings in History 1819-1965. explosive detection systems. Khoo Kay Kim. Elinah Abdullah. Wan Meng Hao ( Subang Jaya. Selangor: Pelanduk Publications. 2006 ) . pp. 05. [ 7 ] . Kwa. C. G. Singapore. A 700- Year History From Early Department store to World City. PP. 27-28. [ 8 ] . Stephen. D. The Singapore River/Port in a Global Context. Singapore in Global History. pp. 57-63.