Memory Introduction Essay, Research Paper

Introduction

Memory is involved in all facets of our lives and can be thought of as the to retain information and demonstrate keeping through behavior. We have huge sums of cognition stored in our memory system which we are able to entree rapidly and effortlessly, therefore connoting that stored cognition must be extremely organised to let us to recover the appropriate information for a given state of affairs. This administration will be determined by the manner that information is encoded into memory, and the manner cognition is organised will find the type of procedure required to entree that information on a future juncture.

Craick and Lockhart ( 1972 ) argued that any point come ining the memory system is analysed in phases. The early phases analyse perceptual belongingss of the point, such as ocular or acoustic belongingss. Later stages analyze its significance, including the classs it fits into and its connexions to other points in memory. Each degree of treating leaves a hint in memory. The deeper the degree of processing, the stronger the hint and the more lasting the memory. Conversely, the shallower the degree of processing, the more transitory will be the memory.

Rowe ( 1974 ) showed that semantic encoding leads to more effectual acquisition than phonemic encryption, which in bend is more effectual than ocular encryption. The premise is that semantic processing is someway a deeper kind of encryption.

Hyde and Jenkins ( 1973 ) used five different pointing undertakings. Participants were presented with lists of words for three seconds and had to finish one of the undermentioned undertakings:

1. Rate the word for pleasantness.

2. Estimate the frequence of usage of the word.

3.

Detect the presence of peculiar letters in the word.

4. Decide the appropriate portion of address of the word.

5. Make determinations as to endure or non the tantrums into sentence frames.

Hyde and Jenkins argued that conditions 1 & A ; 2 required semantic processing whereas the others did non.

Craick and Lockhart ( 1972 ) devised an incidental acquisition process in which topics were intentionally non asked to retrieve points, so that it prevented them from treating everything in the best possible manner in order to retrieve them. Harmonizing to Craick and Lockhart? s theory, the difference between each degree of processing is the sum of cognitive attempt we expend on memorizing something. This cognitive attempt is basically the attempt made in associating new information to old. The better we can organize new stuff i.e. associate it to bing cognition, the better it will be retained.

The purpose of the present survey is to verify ( or otherwise ) the findings of Craick and Lockhart and besides to update and partly retroflex their findings about degrees of processing. The present survey will therefore test the hypothesis that if words are processed acoustically or visually so they will be less likely to be recalled than if they are processed by intending.

Alternate hypothesis: There will be a important association between words which are processed acoustically or visually and whether they will be less likely to be recalled than if they are procedures by intending.

Null hypothesis: There will be no important association between words which are processed acoustically or visually and whether they will be less likely to be recalled than if they are processed by intending.

These are one-tailed hypotheses.