Moral Standards Essay Research Paper ARE MORAL

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Moral Standards Essay, Research Paper

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ARE MORAL STANDARDS? RELATIVE? ?

Ethical motives are moral rules or values that specify acceptable behavior, and find how an establishment will be governed. Harmonizing to Shanahan and Wang, in their book Reason and Insight, the topic of moralss is morality, which is concerned with the patterns, judgements, rules, and beliefs that guide people? s actions. It attempts to turn to the issue of how we ought to populate. Many people have different values that guide their lives, but some of these values are better supported than others. Since people have different ethical motives and values, it is of import to separate between cultural and moral relativism. First, I will explicate the difference between moral and cultural relativism. Following, I will bespeak the claims that are supposed to follow from cultural relativism. Then I will explicate one of the claims and demo Shanahan and Wang? s statement against this claim. Last, I will demo why Shanahan and Wang? s statement for this claim are true, and why I accept it.

We grow up in a societal ambiance that tells us what is right and incorrect. If our ain personal morality is different from another civilization? s, we tend to believe that they are incorrect, and our cultural positions of morality hold more virtue. Societies, in general, must adhere to certain nucleus values for them to be. However, non all societies value the same ethical motives. With this in head, moral relativism is the theory that all moral positions are every bit acceptable. What may be acceptable in one civilization may non be acceptable in another, and neither is objectively right.

Cultural relativism ascertains that moral criterions differ from one civilization to the following. It says that good and bad are comparative to civilization. What is? good? is what is? socially approved? in a given civilization. Cultural relativism holds that? good? means what is? socially approved? by the bulk in a given civilization. This means that anyone who is born into a peculiar civilization is expected to follow the moral codifications of that civilization because they were already in being. In add-on, cultural relativism provinces that there are different ways of using basic ethical rules from one civilization to the following.

Given that moral criterions differ from one civilization to the following, a figure of claims are supposed to follow from cultural relativism. The first claim provinces that there are no universal or general moral rules common to all, or most civilizations. The 2nd claim provinces that there is no nonsubjective, culturally independent criterion by which to judge the moral codification of any civilization. The last claim provinces that the moral codification or each civilization determines what is right and incorrect for the members of that civilization.

The first claim assumes the fact that there are no universally agreed upon moral truths. This means each civilization decides for itself what is morally accepted in that given civilization. Therefore, each civilization differs in their ethical rules, and has their ain set of guidelines that they must follow in order to be to be considered virtuous in their civilization. Since civilizations have different moral codifications, T

his is the foundation for the claim that there is no universally agreed upon set of moral judgements, because if there were every civilization would be practising them.

The first statement assumes the fact that there are no universally agreed upon moral truths. Harmonizing to Shanahan and Wang, there are, nevertheless, many cosmopolitan moral truths that all civilizations value to be of import. They believe that there is the presence of diverseness among different civilizations? moral codifications, but it doesn? t mean that there are no moral rules common across most civilizations. Shanahan and Wang province, ? The ethical diverseness among civilizations may be at a reasonably high degree and may be grounded on more basic moral rules that civilizations have in common. ?

They go on by explicating how hoops, baseball, and football are wholly diverse athleticss, yet there are a set of common implicit in rules that each return on. Some of these include, non engaging bravos to take out members of the other squad, non utilizing explosives devices, and non to utilizing force on an functionary? s caput if he makes a incorrect call. Even though the regulations are different in each athletics, these basic rules are common to all athleticss, and let them to be. Furthermore, Shanahan and Wang believe that there are universally agreed upon set of moral judgements that sometimes are overlooked by overemphasizing diverseness at the disbursal of communality.

Shanahan and Wang? s statement against the first claim

There are cosmopolitan moral truths that all civilizations deem of import or else they wouldn? t exist. For illustration, many most civilizations value honestness and prohibition of slaying. Obviously, these values can be broken based on given state of affairss, but these exclusions would depend on the state of affairs. A society that allows murdering and prevarication would be shortly lived.

Moral relativism allows for the possibility that something could be morally right in one society, but morally incorrect in another. Moral relativism takes tolerance and credence to an extreme, which is its Achilles? heel. It is non possible for something to be right and incorrect at the same clip, but moral relativism allows for the possibility of this to be the instance.

The discrepancy in moral belief in a society is frequently portrayed to be greater than it really is. For illustration, go forthing a newborn babe in the snow to decease, as the Eskimos frequently do, is wholly unacceptable in our society. However, it is non that they believe that slaying is morally acceptable, but alternatively that they value the importance of the folk over the person. This varies little from 1s held in this state. America directing its military personnels to foreign land is an illustration. America is willing to give some to salvage the whole. The Eskimo folk would be in danger of famishment at times if they kept every babe miss. The immature male childs are non sacrificed because they are needed to run and supply for the remainder of the folk when they grow older. In this manner, the sensed differences in civilization may non be every bit different as they seem on the surface. Just because civilizations have different patterns, it doesn? t mean that they wear? Ts have common ethical rules.

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