1. 1

( 1 ) The cost varience study is a listing of allowable disbursals compared with the existent disbursals incurred. ( 2 ) The existent unit cost is the cost of bring forthing a individual merchandises or unit step of end product or service. The budget unit cost is a program or prognosis. of a individual unit step of end product or service. The decision is that the cost of goods and services is more expensive. ( 3 ) The cost variable study can help you to choose the right cost by giving you the list of all the disbursals and leting you to take which disbursals to cut that may be less of import. e. g the cost varience study may hold electricity measure. goods and office refreshments. The list may assist you make up one’s mind which cost should be cut. in this instance it would most probably be the office refreshments. 1. 2

( 1 ) the company is presently running at a loss R3000. 00 loss. ( 2 ) Cash paid for operations costs ( 3 ) The concern runs a batch on operations so it needs a batch of funding on that section. ( 4 ) Inventory is the natural stuff and merchandises held in stock by a company in expectancy of future gross revenues. ( 5 ) The difference between the hard currency flow statement and the income statement is that. the net income in the income statement is non the same as hard currency. Some of the points lending to the net income have non yet been turned to hard currency and can non be used to pay short-run debt. The cash-flow statement indicates whether the company is could pay all its debts for the twelvemonth. It shows whether the company has adequate hard currency fluxing in to cover the needed escape. 1. 3

( 1 ) –Cash paid for stock list
– Cash paid for other operations
-Cash paid for insurance
-Cash paid for selling

( 2 ) – Postpone disbursement. Spending is postponed to some day of the month in the hereafter when the demand to cut costs is non as pressing. – Plug leaks. One of the undertakings of the first-line directors is to happen out where disbursals are leaking through the controls. and so stop up them up.

Question 2

Merchandise or service. that is. the merchandise being developed and produced or the service being offered. In developing the product/service scheme the organisation should see the followers: ( 1 ) The pick of service/product and the range of the product/service scope. If it is possible for an insurance company to offer a scope of merchandises in a specific class. ( 2 ) The characteristic of the product/service. such as design. manner. size. coloring material and functionality.

( 3 ) The packaging of the merchandise. Boxing serves two intents. viz. advancing and protecting the merchandise. Boxing design can lend to increased gross revenues and is a critical portion of the selling scheme. ( 4 ) The stigmatization of the merchandise. Branding refers to the usage of a trade name name. term. symbol or design to separate the merchandise from all other merchandises. ( 5 ) Which merchandises will be purchased or manufactured by the organisation. ( 6 ) Service ( s ) to be offered to the clients and at what monetary value. Price scene and pricing scheme.

the monetary value that a client pays for a merchandise or service should be comparable to the value of the client or the benefits received by the client from utilizing the merchandise or service.

( 1 ) Monetary value puting

The service of the merchandise supplier decides on the most appropriate monetary value for the service/product. The monetary value must cover the entire cost plus some net income border. ( 2 ) Pricing scheme

Apart from taking cost into consideration when finding the monetary value. you should besides see the market features and the organisation’s current selling scheme. These pricing schemes are found in the concern environment and take the factors following into consideration: Penetration pricing. Services or merchandises are priced below the usual long-run market monetary value in order to derive market credence more quickly or to increase bing market portion. -Skimming pricing.

Monetary values of services or merchandises are ab initio set at higher degrees for a limited period of clip and so reduced to more competitory degrees. -Follow-the-pricing-leader. The monetary value is set by a peculiar rival are used as the guidelines for puting a monetary value for a service or merchandise. -Variable pricing. Even thore a unvarying monetary value is advised. this pricing system allows you to offer monetary value grants selected clients for a assortment of grounds. Flexible scheme. This takes into consideration particular market conditions and competitor’s pricing patterns.

Promotion scheme

to advance the organisation and its services. the organisation has to pass on with the bing clients and the possible clients. The intent of marketing communicating is as follows: ( 1 ) To inform the clients about the service and merchandises ( 2 ) To carry the clients to do usage of such services and buy the merchandises or services. ( 3 ) To remind the clients to go on buying the merchandises or services. The publicity mix consists of 5 elements:

( 1 ) advertisement is paid-for communicating related to the service. merchandise or thought in different signifiers of media. viz. the print nedia. wireless. telecasting. and out-of-door hoardings. ( 2 ) Personal merchandising is the unwritten presentation of information about a service. merchandise or thought to one or more possible clients. ( 3 ) Promotion is free communicating to influence consumers through the promotion media such as the imperativeness. wireless and telecasting. ( 4 ) Gross saless publicity complements the advertisng. personal merchandising and promotion to convey the message to the possible consumers through the usage of press releases. free samples and promotional gifts. ( 5 ) In direct selling communicating is aimed straight at the mark market to arouse a response. Question 3

1 )
2 ) Gannt charts are used to expose the undertaking maestro agenda and elaborate undertaking agendas. It can merely be drawn up after work dislocation construction analysis has been completed as the work bundles are used for the programming.