Smart Card And Security Essay Research Paper

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Smart Card And Security Essay, Research Paper

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What is a Smart Card?

A smart card is a card that is embedded with either a microprocessor and a memory bit or merely a memory bit with non-programmable logic. The microprocessor card can add, cancel, and otherwise manipulate information on the card, while a memory-chip card ( for illustration, pre-paid phone cards ) can merely set about a pre-defined operation.

Smart cards, unlike magnetic band cards, can transport all necessary maps and information on the card. Therefore, they do non necessitate entree to remote databases at the clip of the dealing.

Today, there are three classs of smart cards, all of which are germinating quickly into new markets and applications:

& # 183 ; Integrated Circuit ( IC ) Microprocessor Cards. Microprocessor cards ( besides by and large referred to by the industry as & # 8220 ; bit cards & # 8221 ; ) offer greater memory storage and security of informations than a traditional mag band card. Chip cards besides can treat informations on the card. The current coevals of bit cards has an eight-bit processor, 16KB read-only memory, and 512 bytes of random-access memory. This gives them the equivalent treating power of the original IBM-XT computing machine, albeit with somewhat less memory capacity.

These cards are used for a assortment applications, particularly those that have cryptography built in, which requires use of big Numberss. Therefore, bit cards have been the chief platform for cards that hold a unafraid digital individuality. Some illustrations of these cards are:

& # 183 ; Card games that hold money ( & # 8221 ; stored value cards & # 8221 ; )

& # 183 ; Card that hold money equivalents ( for illustration, & # 8220 ; affinity cards )

& # 183 ; Card games that provide unafraid entree to a web

& # 183 ; Card games that secure cellular phones from fraud

& # 183 ; Card games that allow set-top boxes on telecastings to stay secure from buccaneering

& # 183 ; Integrated Circuit ( IC ) Memory Cards. IC memory cards can keep up to 1-4 KB of informations, but have no processor on the card with which to pull strings that information. Therefore, they are dependent on the card reader ( besides known as the card-accepting device )

for their processing and are suited for utilizations where the card performs a fixed operation.

Memory cards represent the majority of the 600 million smart cards sold last twelvemonth, chiefly for pre-paid, disposable-card applications like pre-paid phone cards. Memory cards are popular as high-security options to mag stripe cards.

& # 183 ; Optical Memory Cards. Optical memory cards look like a card with a piece of a Cadmium glued on top & # 8211 ; which is fundamentally what they are. Optical memory cards can hive away up to 4 MB of informations. But one time written, the informations can non be changed or removed. Therefore, this type of card is ideal for record maintaining & # 8211 ; for illustration medical files, driving records, or travel histories. Today, these cards have no processor in them ( although this is coming in the close hereafter ) . While the cards are comparable in monetary value to bit cards, the card readers use non-standard protocols and are expensive.

Bit Comparisons

Maximum Data

Capacity Processing

Power Cost of

Card Cost of Reader

and Connection

Magnetic Stripe Cards 140 bytes None $ 0.20 & # 8211 ; $ 0.75 $ 750

Integrated Circuit Memory Cards 1 Kbyte None $ 1 & # 8211 ; $ 2.50 $ 500

Integrated Circuit Processor Cards 8 Kbytes 8-bit central processing unit, traveling to 16- and 32-bit $ 7- $ 15 $ 500

Optical Memory Cards 4.9 Mbytes None $ 7 & # 8211 ; $ 12 $ 3,500 & # 8211 ; $ 4,000

Beginning: Gartner Group

The first smart card was developed in 1974, by independent discoverer Roland Moreno. This twelvemonth, about 1 billion smart cards will be produced worldwide by several big makers. Currently, 95 % of these cards are issued in Europe, South America, and Asia. By the twelvemonth 2000, Data Monitor predicts that over 3 billion cards will be in circulation worldwide & # 8211 ; with over 15 % of the sum in usage in the United States and Canada.

By manner of comparing, there are over 900 million recognition cards in circulation today. Major utilizations will include supplying enhanced fiscal services, increasing the security and flexibleness of cellular phones, and procuring orbiter and overseas telegram transmittals in Television set-top boxes

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