Behind It Essay, Research Paper
Today the United States is held as one of the ace powers of the universe, touting its wealth and armed power. Among its greatest accomplishments is the NASA Space Program. NASA is presently the taking Space plan, puting new criterions by carry oning experiments in infinite, researching new parts of the solar system, and most of all, seting a adult male on the Moon. All of the accomplishments of the infinite plan are due to people who had the foresight to see beyond the large image.
Earth is the cradle of world, but adult male can non populate in the cradle forever. ( Torres pg. 1 ) This theory was that of Konstantin Tsiolkovsky. Tsiolkovsky was a deaf 41year old arithmetic instructor in Russia when he calculated how adult male would be able to come in infinite. This flicker was the beginning of the infinite age. He broke the cast by holding the aspiration to research past our ambiance. Tsiolkovsky imagined what it would be like to go in infinite and scribbled in his notebook every thought he had about infinite. He had hopes of utilizing a centrifugal force machine to impel himself out of the ambiance. Latter he decided that the manner to travel was with a projectile he called a Reaction Machine. ( Walter pg. 5-7 ) In 1903 he published his plants in a Russian paper named Science Survey ( Walter pg. 5-7 ) in which he titled The Investigation of World Spaces with a Reaction Machine. At the clip of the publication few could conceive of establishing a human into the sky utilizing a projectile. The general consensus of Tsiolkovsky s paper was that he was merely huffy. It wasn t until the Russian authorities fell under Soviet government that Tsiolkovsky s technological thoughts were embraced.
On the other side of the ocean was a New England Yankee named Robert Goddard. Goddard was an bizarre adult male with brilliant technology accomplishments. At the age of thirty-six he composed The Ultimate Migration. ( Walter pg. 20 ) In this work he described how the Sun was firing out and that the dwellers of Earth would necessitate to happen a manner to go the Earth. He suggested that immense fleet or Arks be built and sent into infinite to happen a new inhabitable environment. Although Goddard s thoughts were far out, he was still considered a ace physicist and applied scientist. As a kid Goddard was really sick and stray. He spent most of his clip reading books. One book he read was H.G. Well s The War of the Worlds. This book inspired him in what he called high height research. Goddard graduated from high school in 1905 and went to Clark University where he took alumnus and doctorial grades. Goddard, like Tsiolkovsky, realized the best manner to go forth the ambiance was with a projectile. On July 7, 1914 Goddard won his first patent for a liquid-fuel projectile. Goddard started constructing paradigms in the natural philosophies store at Clark University. Soon after, Goddard landed a occupation working at Clark University as a portion clip natural philosophy professor. Goddard tested his paradigms early in the forenoon at nearby Coes Pond. As Goddard continued proving, his portion clip university occupation was neglecting to provide him with adequate money. Goddard so turned to the Smithsonian Institute for support. After showing a paper entitled A Method of Reaching Extreme Altitudes, Goddard was awarded one thousand dollars and four 1000 more as he needed it.
The Research and thoughts of these two persons gave rise to the theory of infinite travel. Their attempts lead to manned missions and spacemans on the Moon. Tsiolkovsky and Goddard were the foundation of all infinite plans. Their thoughts, at first shunned, were latter embraced. Without these work forces we wouldn Ts have NASA, or any other infinite plan. The birth of NASA was because of two work forces who dared to believe the unthinkable and push yesteryear conventionality.
Now that person had come up with the computations, it was merely a affair of clip until a courageous psyche would strap himself to the forepart of projectile and pierce the ambiance. Russia was the first with the information so it wasn t a surprise that the first adult male in infinite was a astronaut. The taxing, yet carry throughing occupation, was given to a immature trial pilot named Yuri Gagarin. Even being a member of the Soviet imperium, immature Gagarin managed to impact the United States and the NASA infinite plan.
The one adult male who greatly affected the universes position of worlds researching infinite, was born in the little small town of Klushino in the western Soviet imperium. His Father was a carpenter, but Yuri Gagarin didn T follow in his male parents foot stairss. Alternatively, he completed high school and went on to an industrial preparation college. Here Gagarin found himself fall ining an aero nine where he gained experience in flight and parachute jumping. From there Gagarin followed his dreams and began winging jets in the air force. In the Spring of 1960 his application was accepted to be a member of a little group that would be trained as future astronauts. ( Bond pg. 12-13 )
After Training for a twelvemonth, Gagarin was picked among 20 others to execute the first mission. Gagarin s superintendents, General Nikolai Kamanin and Chief interior decorator Korolev, praised him, saying that he displayed an analytical head and rare diligence. ( Bond pg. 13 ) Now it was merely a affair of clip until the projectile would be ready for its heavenly flight.
On April 12, 1961 Gagarin captured the kernel of what the mission was meant for in a address he made right before liftoff. The greatest felicity for adult male has been to take portion in new finds. To be the first to come in the universe, to prosecute, unassisted, in an unprecedented affaire d’honneur with nature.could one dream of more! ( Bond pg. 14 ) Then Gagarin dedicated his mission to the people of a communist society. The lone thing left for Gagarin to make was to mount into the bantam Vostok cabin situated atop the projectile. ( Bond pg. 14 )
Gagarin waited in the Vostok capsule for an hr before the mission was ready for launch. Switch over to travel place roared across the intercom. Soon the arm transporting the power overseas telegram swung off. Ignition lift-off! the launch was a success, directing Gagarin to be the first adult male in infinite. Small to his cognition, Gagarin would be known around the universe by the clip he came back to Earth. ( Bond pg. 15 )
News of the Russian victory of seting a adult male into infinite reached the U.S. The already established NASA had programs of seting a adult male in infinite besides. News that the Russian had done it foremost reached President Kennedy. Kennedy, enraged by the intelligence, sent a missive to Vice President Lyndon Johnson in which he said that he was tired of the Russians crushing the United States in the infinite race. Kennedy wrote that it was clip to make something to turn out that the United States was non 2nd best. Vice President Johnson so passed the petition on to NASA. To the surprise of the Russians the U.S. announced its programs to set a adult male on the Moon before the terminal of the decennary. (
Walter pg. 88-90 )
Gagarin started what was to be known as the Space Race. Harmlessly winging his Vostok capsule into infinite, ignited a desire for the U.S. infinite plan to asseverate America s conquering of the celestial spheres. NASA s budget jumped from $ 1 billion to $ 6 in merely one twelvemonth. ( Walter pg. 90 ) Kennedy s addresss merely added more support in crushing the Russians to the Moon. Yuri Gagarin s flight to outer infinite shortly was put on the back burner as Russians rushed to seek and crush the Americans to the Moon. Nevertheless, Yuri Gagarin changed the manner Americans looked at infinite for decennaries to come.
The U.S. , now content on crushing the Russians to the Moon, began to piece a squad to travel to the Moon. The bird that was to take them on their trip to the Moon was to be the Apollo infinite bird. The mission was dubbed Apollo 11. Its crew members consisted of Buzz Aldrin, Michael Collins, and Neil Armstrong. This crew would be the first to set down on the Moon.
Of the three celebrated work forces, the most celebrated is Neil Armstrong. Neil Armstrong took the first measure on lunar dirt. The words That s one little measure for adult male, one giant spring for world ( Collins pg. 8 ) are everlastingly etched into history. The momentous accomplishment of puting pes upon the Moon was a great victory for the U.S. Space plan.
Neil Armstrong was one of many spacemans born in the province of Ohio. After graduation from high school, Armstrong attended Prudue University where he acquired a grade in aeronautical technology. Latter Armstrong completed his Masters of Science grade at the University of Southern California. Armstrong gained air power accomplishments when he became an aeronaut in the United States Navy. He subsequently used his aeronautical grade after his service to set down occupations with NASA and NACA making trial research.
By 1962 Armstrong was selected to go an spaceman for NASA. His first mission was Gemini 8. The Gemini held Armstrong and fellow spaceman Dave Scott. Their mission was to execute the first link-up in infinite with the orbiter Agena. The undertaking was a success, nevertheless the mission was non. Shortly after associating up, the infinite trade started to whirl out of control. Armstrong and Scott disengaged. The mission was cut short by mission control. Scott s infinite walk was cancelled and Gemini 8 returned to Earth. For Armstrong the mission was a first, but non the mission he is most remembered by. ( www.astro )
Apollo 11 was the United States chariot for claiming the Moon. Neil Armstrong received his most celebrity from this mission. The words the Eagle has landed ( Collins pg. 8 ) solidified NASA as the prima infinite plan. The Apollo mission was the first clip that NASA had used a lunar faculty. The lunar faculty finely placed the Apollo 11 crew of three on the surface of the Moon. From the lunar faculty emerged Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin. After puting their footfalls on the Moon they unveiled a plaque that commiserated there achievements.
Landing on the Moon put the U.S. in front of Russia in the infinite race. Now that the United States conquered the Moon it was clip to travel on to bigger and better things like the quest for Mars, surveies in infinite, and the reaching of different types of persons to infinite. Persons like Sally Ride, the first American adult females in infinite, and the return of John Glenn.
Until Sally Ride, the game of infinite was ever seen as a adult male s function, picturing astronaut visions of Neil Armstrong and Alan Shepard dancing in your imaginativeness. Sally Ride broke the cast and put a precedency for adult females by going the first American adult females to see outer infinite, turn outing that both adult male and adult females likewise could suppress the celestial spheres.
Sally drive was at Stanford when she foremost read about NASA s call for Astronauts. That twelvemonth NASA interviewed 8,000 work forces and adult females. Merely 35 were accepted, 29 were work forces and six were adult females. One of the six was Sally Ride. By 1983 she was assigned her first mission. ( www2.lucidc )
Sally Ride was to go upon the infinite bird Challenger. On June 18, 1983, Sally Ride made history as she blasted-off into infinite as the first American adult females to make so. The mission was considered a success for NASA, both with research and with the populace. The mission accomplished many aims successfully. Sally Ride and crew deployed two communications orbiters, one for Canada and one for Indonesia. They tested out a robotic arm for retrieval intents and photographed the Earth. When Sally Ride returned she was immediately succumbed by the intelligence and newsmans. Sally Ride merely stated I didn t come into this plan to be the first adult females in infinite. I came in to acquire a opportunity to wing in infinite. ( Bond pg. 409 ) Despite her efforts to submerge out the media, her celebrity was tremendous. For the NASA infinite plan it did admirations. After her calling with NASA, Sally Ride wrote many childrens books, educating childs about infinite. She besides took place as manager of the California Space Institute. Today she is a professor of natural philosophies at the University of California, San Diego.
Recently John Glenn has given a metempsychosis of involvement to the Space Program. He brought the promotion back to NASA as the oldest adult male in infinite. Seventy-seven twelvemonth old John Glenn made a exultant return to infinite. He proposed a mission to analyze the effects of aging in infinite. Who better for the occupation, but himself.
John Glenn s first mission was taken when the infinite plan was still in its babyhood. John Glenn was the first American to revolve the Earth. After his first mission Glenn left the infinite plan. A twelvemonth subsequently he retired from the Marines. Soon after, Glenn went into concern. He became president of Royal Crown International and achieved a political position. Then in November of 1974 John Glenn won a landslide triumph and became a senator for his place province Ohio. ( Newcott National Geographic )
John Glenn s quest for infinite was non over. Glenn went to NASA and proposed a survey of the aging affects of the aged in infinite. John Glenn was now traveling to be the oldest individual to return to infinite. At 77 Glenn had no problem go throughing the strict Astronauts physical. Then, on October 29, 1998, John Glenn made his return to infinite aboard the infinite bird Discovery. From this mission valuable information was gained and history was made. ( Newcott, National Geog )
John Glenn is quoted stating Nothing is one hundred per centum hazard free nil. But the addition to be made is deserving that hazard. John Glenn s words best summarize the personality of every one of the persons that were talked approximately. Each forcing the hazard factor to a upper limit, merely to give exultant additions. All of them uncluttering the way for future coevalss to come. From Goddard to Glenn, each individual unambiguously made a profound impact on infinite and the American infinite plan.
