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In the twelvemonth 1469 a adult male named

Guru Nanak was born into a Punjabi-Hindu household. His

name means “ He who was born at the place of his female parent & # 8217 ; s

parents ” , which was in Talwandi, near Labone ( “ Sikhs ”

647 ) . We know small about Nanak & # 8217 ; s life but a batch about his

beliefs from a book called “ Adi Granth ” or “ Granth Sahib ” ,

which means holy book. Some of his beliefs were the world

of “ karma ” and “ reincarnation ” .These are beliefs that our

actions in this life find how high or low we & # 8217 ; ll be in our

following life. The Hindus and Muslims believe it is best to

worship, missionize, survey and compose the sacred Bibles,

and other spiritual public actions and behaviours. Nanak

believed that this is incorrect. He felt that the people should be

involved in inward speculation to the God, Akal Purakh

( Nanak was a monotheist, believing in one God ) . Nanak

believed that Akal Purakh is the all-powerful Godhead and

upholder of the existence and he has no signifier. If one is genuinely

devoted to Akal so Akal may uncover himself to you in

“ nam ” or the Godhead name. Since Akal created the universe and

everything in it so, the universe can be considered an

look of “ nam ” , ( McLeod 5 ) . Akal, to uncover himself

through “ nam ” , speaks the “ sabad ” or divine word, through a

loyal truster. This truster acts as the ageless guru, or

instructor, speech production in the mystical voice of Akal through the

“ sabad ” . A guru can accomplish this Godhead harmoniousness with Akal

by the pattern of “ nam simaran ” . This can be accomplished

in many ways. One manner is by the repetition of a “ mantra ” , a

word that expresses the Godhead world. Another manner is to sing

devotional vocals or even to hold deep mystical

concentration. Guru Nanak attracted many adherents, or

“ sikha ” ( this is where the name Sikh comes from ) . These

“ sikhas ” were the original Sikhs. Before Guru Nanak died he

appointed a replacement from among his adherents to be the

2nd guru. This started the concatenation of the 10 Sikh gurus

which lasted 439 old ages from the birth of Nanak to the decease

of Gobind Singh, the ten percent guru, in the twelvemonth 1708, ( “ Hindus

and Sikhs ” 11 ) . Nanak appointed as his replacement Lehna or

Lahina, who subsequently changed his name to Angad ( Angada was

a lesser legendary hero of that clip ) . Guru Angad is the

individual responsible for the believing up the thought of a “ Granth

Sahib ” , the holy book. Angad appointed as his replacement

Amar Das, who did two things that differed from Nanak & # 8217 ; s

beliefs. He made his ain small town, Goindual, a metropolis for

pilgrims, though Nanak said that missionizing was non good.

In add-on, Amar Das collected stuffs for the forming of

“ Granth Sahib ” , though Nanak said you shouldn & # 8217 ; Ts make

sacred Hagiographas. Guru Amar Das appointed, as his

replacement, his son-in-law Jetha or Ram Das. Guru Ram Das

built the aureate temple in Amritsar on the land given to him

by emperor Akbor. Before so the Guru- ship was given to

person who deserved it, but from that point on it was

given to a household member. So, Ram Das gave it to his 3rd

boy Arjan Dev, a legendary hero of his clip. Guru Arjan

Dev put together the “ Granth Sahib ” , purportedly taking it

from the plants of Amar Das. Before he died, Guru Arjan

told his boy Hargobind to have on, when he became Guru, non

one but two blades because one stood for “ piri ” , the

go oning authorization of the Guru and the other stood for

“ Miri ” the freshly assumed secular authorization ( McLeod 4 ) . It

was from his secular authorization that the Panth or Sikh

community developed, ever build uping themselves out of fright

of the Mughal forces. The decease of Arjan is non clear but it

likely did happen while he was in Mughal detention. Guru

Hargobind was forced to alter the Panth from

Sodium

nak-Panth, the Panth similar to the yearss of Nanak, to a

military Panth. After Guru Hargobind, Hari Rai took over. In

his yearss, and in the short yearss of the following guru, Guru Hari

Krishan, the Mughal governments didn & # 8217 ; t upset the Sikhs.

After these two gurus, Tegh Bahadun became the following guru.

Guru Tegh Bahadun was beheaded by Aurangzeb in 1675

for non accepting Islam ( “ Sikhs ” 647 ) . After him came the

last guru, Guru Gobind Singh. Gobind Singh had to make

“ pahul ” , the Sikh induction. The Sikh induction involves stirring

together sugar with H2O with a reversible sticker. This

mixture must be drunk by the individual about to be inititated.

After this ritual H2O, H2O and sugar, imbibing, the individual

purifies himself five times. After this, he so yells the Sikh

war call and everlastingly wears the five K & # 8217 ; s. They are “ kes ” which

is untrimmed hair, “ kachh ” , bloomerss making merely to the articulatio genus,

“ kara ” , an Fe bracelet, “ kirpan ” , a blade ( or “ khanda ” , a

little sticker ) , and “ khanga ” , a hair comb. The first four of

five K & # 8217 ; s have soldierlike utilizations and Guru Gobind Singh was an

first-class warrior. He besides instituted the “ kara parshad ” ,

when flour is assorted with butter and sugar and all castes eat it

together. This was done in order to destruct the caste system

so that no 1 could experience superior to their neighbour. In 1708

Guru Gobind Singh was assassinated at Nander in the

Deccan. Nowadays, the Sikhs are contending with the Indian

authorities for a separate fatherland for themselves in

Punjab. In 1984, after the Sikhs assassinated the Prime

Minister of India, Indira Gandhi, Hindus rioted and killed

100s of Sikhs. Since that clip, the sum of violent

offenses and slayings by Sikhs and to Sikhs has been turning

quickly. Sikh terrorists, or instead activists, freedom-fighters

or “ majheddin ” , as they like to be called, killed over one

thousand people in 1987 and about twice that sum in

1988, ( “ Hindus and Sikhs ” 11 ) . In 1990, the Sikhs killed

about four 1000 five 100 people in their effort to

addition independency, the highest sum for any twelvemonth,

( “ Throwing Punches ” 30 ) . Newspapers and magazines in the

United States have written about many of the atrocious Acts of the Apostless of

panic happening right now in India. One article told of Sikh

activists contending Indian constabulary in Bombay, seven

hundred-eighty stat mis southwest of Punjab ( “ Sikhs Attack

Bombay ” A12 ) . The Indian constabulary seem to be really afraid of

the force of the Sikhs. It has been reported that the constabulary

are willing to pay kids 30 rupees, the equivalent of

$ 1.70 a twenty-four hours, to contend Sikhs. Unfortunately, many of these

kids either run off with the guns given to them by the

constabularies or fall in the Sikh activists, ( “ Throwing Punches ” 30 ) It

is really unsafe for journalists to compose about the Sikhs. In

the past few old ages. 17 journalists have been killed by

the Sikhs because they have written unfavourable articles

about the Sikhs and their terrorist activities, ( “ Throwing

Punchs ” 30 ) . A recent Sikh terrorist act involved Sikh

“ freedom-fighters ” halting a train in Punjab. They boarded

the train and killed 47 guiltless people,

( “ Forty-seven Killed ” A1 ) . Sikhism has changed from the

clip of Guru Nanak, where it was a peaceable, inward faith

to the present where there is much force by the Sikhs and

pride in their violent ways. Bibliography “ Forty-seven Killed

by Sikh Militants ” . Wall Street Journal 27 Dec. 1991: A1

“ Hindus and Sikhs ” . Scholastic Update 10 Mar. 1989: 11

McLeod, W. H. The Sikhs. N.Y. : Columbia University

Imperativeness, 1986. “ Sikhs ” . Encyclopedia Brittanica. 1963 edition.

“ Sikhs Attack Bombay ” New York Times 6 Mar. 1992:

A12 “ Throwing Punches in Punjab ” The Economist 5 Jan.

1991: 30

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