Traditions and holidays of Great Britain

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Every state and every state has its ain traditions and imposts. Traditions make a state special. Some of them are antique and many people remember them, others are portion of people & # 8217 ; s life. Some British imposts and traditions are known all the universe.

From Scotland to Cornwall, Britain is full of imposts and traditions. A batch of them have really long histories. Some are amusing and some are unusual. But they are all interesting. There is the long bill of fare of traditional British nutrient. There are many royal occasions. There are vocals, stating and superstitious notions. They are all portion of the British manner of life.

You can non truly imagine Britain without all its traditions, this built-in characteristic of societal and private life of the people populating on the British Isles that has ever been an of import portion of their life and work.

English traditions can sort into several groups: traditions refering the Englishmen & # 8217 ; s private life ( child & # 8217 ; s birth, nuptials, matrimony, marrying day of remembrance ) ; which are connected with households incomes ; province traditions ; national vacations, spiritual vacations, public festival, traditional ceremonials.

What about royal traditions? There are legion royal traditions in Britain, some are ancient, others are modern.

The Queen is the lone individual in Britain with two birthdays. Her existent birthday is on April 21st
, but she has an & # 8220 ; official & # 8221 ; birthday, excessively. That is on the 2nd Saturday in June. And on the Queen & # 8217 ; s official birthday, there is a traditional ceremonial called the Trooping of the Colour. It is a large parade with brass sets and 100s of soldiers at Horse Guard & # 8217 ; s Parade in London. A & # 8220 ; regiment & # 8221 ; of the Queen & # 8217 ; s soldiers, the Guards, March in forepart of her. At the forepart of the parade there is the regiment & # 8217 ; s flag or & # 8220 ; coloring material & # 8221 ; . Thousands of Londoners and visitants watch in Horse Guards & # 8217 ; Parade. And 1000000s of people at place ticker it on telecasting. This usage is non really old, but it is for really old people. On his or her one hundredth birthday, a British individual gets a wire with praises from the Queen.

The changing of the Guard happens every twenty-four hours at Buckingham Palace, the Queen & # 8217 ; s place in London. The ceremonial ever attracts a batch of witnesss & # 8211 ; Londoners every bit good as visitants & # 8211 ; to the British capital.

So soldiers stand on forepart of the castle. Each forenoon these soldiers ( the & # 8220 ; guard
& # 8221 ; ) alteration. One group leaves and another arrives. In summer and winter tourers stand outside the castle at 11:30 every forenoon and watch the Changing of the Guard.

Traditionally the Queen opens Parliament every fall. But Parliament, non the Royal Family, controls modern Britain. The Queen travels from Buckingham Palace to the Houses of Parliament in a gold passenger car & # 8211 ; the Irish State Coach. At the Houses of Parliament the Queen sits on a & # 8220 ; throne
& # 8221 ; in the House of Lords. Then she reads the & # 8220 ; Queen & # 8217 ; s Speech
& # 8221 ; . At the State Opening of Parliament the Queen wears a Crown. She wears other gems from the Crown Jewels, excessively.

Every twelvemonth, there is a new Lord Mayor of London. The Mayor is the metropolis & # 8217 ; s traditional leader. And the 2nd Saturday in November is ever the twenty-four hours for the Lord Mayor & # 8217 ; s Show. This ceremonial is over six hundred old ages old. It is besides London & # 8217 ; s biggest parade.

The Lord Mayor drives to the Royal Courts of Justice in a manager. The manager is two hundred old ages old. It is ruddy and gold and it has six Equus caballuss.

As it is besides a large parade, people make particular costumes and act narratives from London & # 8217 ; s history.

In Britain as in other states costumes and uniforms have a long history.

One is the uniform of the Yeomans at the tower of London. This came foremost from France. Another is the uniform of the Horse Guards at Horse Guard & # 8217 ; s Parade, non far from Buckingham Palace. Thousands of visitants take exposure of the Horse Guards.

Britannia is a symbol of Britain. And she wears traditional apparels, excessively. But she is non a existent individual.

Tonss of ordinary apparels have a long tradition. The celebrated bowler chapeau, for illustration. A adult male called Beaulieu made the first one in 1850.

One of the British soldiers, Wellington, gave his name to a brace of boots. They have a shorter name today & # 8211 ; & # 8220 ; Wellies
& # 8221 ; .

There is a really particular royal tradition. On the River Thames there are 100s of swans. A batch of these beautiful white birds belong, traditionally, to the male monarch or queen. In July the immature swans on the Thames are about two months old. Then the Queen & # 8217 ; s affirm keeper goes, in a boat, from London Bridge to Henley. He looks at all the immature swans and marks the royal 1s. The name of this unusual nut interesting usage is Swan Upping.

There are merely six public holidays a twelvemonth in Great Britain, that is yearss on which people need non travel in to work. They are: Christmas Day, Good Friday, Easter Monday, Spring Bank Holiday and Late Summer Bank Holiday, Boxing Day.

So the most popular vacation in Britain is Christmas. Christmas has been celebrated from the earliest yearss of recorded history, and each epoch and race has pasted a colorful sheet of new imposts and traditions over the old.

On the Sunday before Christmas many churches hold a carol service where particular anthem are sung. Sometimes carol vocalists can be heard in the streets as they collect money for charity. There are a batch of really popular British Christmas carols. Three celebrated 1s are: & # 8220 ; Good King Wenceslas
& # 8221 ; , & # 8220 ; The Holly and The Ivy
& # 8221 ; and & # 8220 ; We Three Kings
& # 8221 ; .

Each twelvemonth, 100s of 1000s of people all over the universe send and have Christmas cards. Most of people think that interchanging cards at Christmas is a really ancient usage but it is non right. In fact it is hardly 100 old ages old. The thought of interchanging illustrated salutation and nowadayss is, nevertheless, antediluvian. So the first commercial Christmas card was produced in Britain in 1843 by Henry Cole, laminitis of the Victoria and Albert Museum, London. The handcoloured print was inscribed with the words & # 8217 ; A Merry Christmas and A Happy New Year to you & # 8217 ; . It was horizontally rectangular in form, printed on stout composition board by lithography.

A traditional characteristic of Christmas in Britain is the Christmas tree. Queen Victoria & # 8217 ; s hubby, Prince Albert, brought the German tradition ( he was German ) to Britain. He and the Queen had a Christmas tree at Windsor Castle in 1841. A few old ages after, about every house in Britain had one. Traditionally people decorate their trees on Christmas Eve & # 8211 ; that & # 8217 ; s December 24th
. They take down the ornaments twelve yearss subsequently, on Twelfth Night ( January 5th
) .

An older tradition is Christmas mistletoe. Peoples put a piece of this green works with its white berries over a door. Mistletoe brings good fortune, people say. Besides, at Christmas British people kiss their friends and household under the mistletoe.

Those who live off seek to acquire back place because Christmas is a household jubilation and it is the biggest vacation of the twelvemonth. As Christmas comes nigher, everyone is purchasing nowadayss for relations and friends. At Christmas people try to give their kids everything they want. And the kids count the hebdomads, than the yearss, to Christmas. They are inquiring what presents on December 24th
. Father Christmas brings their nowadayss in the dark. Then they open them on the forenoon of the twenty-fifth
.

There is another name for Father Christmas in Britain & # 8211 ; Santa Claus. That comes from the European name for him & # 8211 ; Saint Nicholas. In the traditional narrative he lives at the North Pole. But now he lives in large stores in towns and metropoliss all over Britain. Well, that & # 8217 ; s where kids see him in November and December. Then on Christmas Eve he visits every house. He climbs down the chimney and leaves tonss of nowadayss. Some people leave something for him, excessively. A glass of vino and some biscuits, for illustration.

At Christmas everyone decorates their houses with holly, ivy colorful lamps.

In Britain the most of import repast on December 25th
is Christmas dinner. About all Christmas nutrient is traditional, but a batch of the traditions are non really old. For illustration, there were no Meleagris gallopavos in Britain before 1800. And even in the 19th century, goose was the traditional meat at Christmas. But non now.

A twentieth-century British Christmas dinner is roast Meleagris gallopavo with carrots, murphies, peas, Brussels sprouts and gravy. There are sausages and bacon, excessively. Then, after the Meleagris gallopavo, there & # 8217 ; s Christmas pudding. Some people make this pudding months before Christmas. A batch of households have their ain Christmas pudding formulas. Some, for illustration, utilize a batch of brandy. Others put in a batch of fruit or add a Ag coin for good fortune. Real Christmas puddings ever have a piece of holly on the top. Holly shrubs and trees have ruddy berries at Christmas clip, and so people use holly to adorn their houses for Christmas. The holly on the pudding is portion of the ornament.

Crackers are besides usual at Christmas dinner. These came to Britain from China in the 19th century. Two people pull a cracker. Normally there is a little plaything in the center. Often there is a gag on a piece of paper, excessively. Most of the gags in Christmas crackers are non really good. Here is on illustration:

Customer: Waiter, there & # 8217 ; s a toad in my soup.

Waiter: Yes, sir, the fly & # 8217 ; s on vacations.

A dumb show is a traditional English amusement at Christmas. It is meant for kids, but grownups enjoy is merely every bit much. It is a really old signifier of amusement, and can be traced back to 16th
century Italian comedies. There have been a batch of alterations over the old ages. Singing and dancing and all sorts of gags have been added ; but the narratives that are told are still fairy narratives, with a hero, a heroine, and a scoundrel.

In every dumb show there are ever three chief characters. These are the & # 8220 ; chief male child
& # 8221 ; , the & # 8220 ; chief miss
& # 8221 ; , and the & # 8220 ; doll
& # 8221 ; . Pantomimes are altering all the clip. Every twelvemonth, person has a new thought to do them more exciting or more up-to-date.

December 26th
is Boxing Day. Traditionally boys from the stores in each town asked for money at Christmas. They went from house to house on December 26th
and took boxes made of wood with them. At each house people gave them money. This was a Christmas nowadays. So the name of December 26th
doesn & # 8217 ; t come from the athletics of packaging & # 8211 ; it comes from the male childs & # 8217 ; wooden boxes. Now, Boxing Day is an excess vacation after Christmas Day.

Traditionally Boxing Day Hunts is a twenty-four hours for foxhunting. The hunters and huntswomen ride Equus caballuss. They use Canis familiariss, excessively. The Canis familiariss ( flim-flam hounds ) follow the odor of the fox. Then the hunters and huntswomen follow the hounds. Before a Boxing Day Hunt, the hunters and huntswomen drink non wine. But the tradition of the December 26th
Hunt is altering. Now, some people want to halt Boxing Day Hunts ( and other Hunts, excessively ) . They don & # 8217 ; t like foxhunting. For them it & # 8217 ; s non a athletics & # 8211 ; it is barbarous.

In England people celebrate the New Year. But it is non as widely or as enthusiastically observed as Christmas. Some people ignore it wholly and travel to bed at the same clip as usual on New Year & # 8217 ; s Eve. Many others, nevertheless, do observe it in one manner or another, the type of jubilation changing really much harmonizing to the local usage, household tradition and personal gustatory sensation.

The most common type of jubilation is a New Year party, either a household party or one arranged by a group of immature people. And another popular manner of observing the New Year is to travel to a New Year & # 8217 ; s dance.

The most celebrated jubilation is in London round the statue of Eros in Piccadilly Circus where crowds gather and sing and welcome the New Year. In Trafalgar Square there is besides a large crowd and person normally falls into the fountain.

Every Year the people of Norway give the metropolis of London a present. It & # 8217 ; s a large Christmas tree and it stands in Trafalgar Square. Besides in cardinal London, Oxford Street and Regent Street ever have beautiful ornaments at the New Year and Christmas. Thousands of people come to look at them.

In Britain a batch of people make New Year Resolutions on the eventide of December 31st
. For illustration, & # 8220 ; I & # 8217 ; ll acquire up early every forenoon following twelvemonth
& # 8221 ; , or & # 8220 ; I & # 8217 ; ll clean, my places every twenty-four hours
& # 8221 ; . But there is a job. Most people forget their New Year Resolutions on January 2nd
.

But New Year & # 8217 ; s Eve is a more of import festival in Scotland so it is in England, and it even has a particular name. It is non clear where the & # 8216 ; Hogmanay & # 8217 ; comes from, but it is connected with the proviso of nutrient and drink for all visitants to your place on 31st
December.

There is a Scots vocal that is sung all over the universe at midnight on New Year & # 8217 ; s Eve. It was written by Robert Burns, the celebrated Scottish poet, and you may happen some of the traditional words a spot hard to understand, but that & # 8217 ; s the manner it & # 8217 ; s ever sung & # 8211 ; even by English people!

It was believed that the first individual to see one & # 8217 ; s house on New Year & # 8217 ; s Day could convey good or bad fortune. Therefore, people tried to set up for the individual of their ain pick to be standing outside their houses ready to be let in the minute midnight had come.

Normally a dark-complexioned adult male was chosen, and ne’er a adult female, for she would convey bad fortune. The first footer was required to transport three articles: a piece of coal to wish heat, a piece of staff of life to wish nutrient, and a Ag coin to wish wealth. In some parts of northern England this pleasing usage is still observed. So this interesting tradition called & # 8220 ; First Footing
& # 8221 ; .

On Bank holiday the townspeople normally flock into the state and to the seashore. If the conditions is all right many households take a field day & # 8211 ; tiffin or tea with them and bask their repast in the unfastened. Seaside towns near London, such as Southend, are invaded by 1000s of trippers who come in autos and managers, trains and bikes. Great amusement Parkss like Southend Kursoal do a boom trade with their scenic railroads, hiting galleries, water-shoots, Crazy houses and so on. Trippers will have on amusing paper chapeaus with mottos, and they will eat and imbibe the weirdest mixture of material you can conceive of, sea nutrient like cockles, mussels, whelks, fish and french friess, confect floss, tea, fizzing drinks, everything you can conceive of.

Bank vacation is besides an juncture for large athleticss meeting at topographic points like the White City Stadium, chiefly all sorts of sports. There are besides horse race meetings all over the state, and most traditional of all, there are big carnivals with swings, traffic circles, a Punch and Judy show, hoop-la stables and every sort of side-show including, in recent, bingo. There is besides much yachting activity on the Thames.

Although the Christian faith gave the universe Easter as we know it today, the jubilation owes its name and many of its imposts and symbols to a heathen festival called Eostre. Eostre, the Anglo-Saxon goddess of springtime and dawn, got her name from the universe E, where the dawns. Every spring northern European peoples celebrated the festival of Eostre to honor the waking up of new life in nature. Christians related the rise of the Sun to the Resurrection of Jesus and their ain religious metempsychosis.

Many modern Easter symbols come from heathen clip. The egg, for case, was a birthrate symbol long before the Christian epoch. The ancient Persians, Greeks and Chinese exchanged eggs at their sping festivals. In Christian times the egg took on a new significance typifying the grave from which Christ rose. The ancient usage of dyeing eggs at Easter clip is still really popular.

The Easter bunny besides originated in pre-Christian birthrate lore. The coney was the most fertile carnal our ances tors knew, so they selected it as a symbol of new life. Today, kids enjoy eating confect bunnies and listening to narratives about the Easter bunny, who purportedly brings Easter eggs in a illusion basket.

Besides there is a dramatic parade on Easter. It is a genuinely dramatic Easter Parade in Battersea Park. It is sponsored by the London Tourist Board and is normally planned around a cardinal subject related to the history and attractive forces of London. The great emanation, or parade, begins at 3 p.m. but it is advisable to happen a vantage-point well before that hr.

On October 31st
British people celebrate Halloween. It is doubtless the most colorful and exciting vacation of the twelvemonth. Though it is non a public vacation, it is really beloved to those who celebrate it, particularly to kids and adolescents. This twenty-four hours was originally called All Hallow & # 8217 ; s Eve because it fell on the Eve of All Saints & # 8217 ; Day. The name was subsequently shortened to Halloween. Harmonizing to old beliefs, Halloween is the clip, when the head covering between the life and the dead is partly lifted, and enchantresss, shades and other ace natural existences are about. Now kids celebrate Halloween in unusual costumes and masks. It is a festival of conviviality, superstitious notions enchantments, fortunetelling, traditional games and buffooneries. Halloween is a clip for merriment.

Few vacations tell us much of the past as Halloween. Its beginnings dateback to a clip, when people believed in Satans, enchantresss and shades. Many Halloween imposts are based on beliefs of the antediluvian Celts, who lived more tha

n 2,000 old ages ago in what is now Great Britain, Ireland, and northern France.

Every twelvemonth the Celts celebrated the Druid festival of Samhain, Lord of the Dead and Prince of Darkness. It fell on October 31, the Eve of the Druid new twelvemonth. The day of the month marked the terminal of summer, or the clip when the Sun retreated before the powers of darkness and the reign of the Lord of Death began. The Dun God took portion in the vacation and received thanks for the twelvemonth & # 8217 ; s crop.

It was believed that evil liquors sometimes played fast ones on October 31. They could besides make all sorts of harm to belongings. Some people tried to guard of the enchantresss by painting charming marks on their barns. Others tried to scare them off by nailing a piece of Fe, such as a horseshoe, over the door.

Many frights and superstitious notions grew up about this twenty-four hours. An old Scotch superstitious notion was that enchantresss & # 8211 ; those who had sold their psyches to the Satan & # 8211 ; left in their beds on Halloween dark a stick made by thaumaturgies to look like themselves. Then they would wing up the bell attended by a black cat.

In Ireland, and some other parts of Great Britain, it was believed, that faeries spirited off immature married womans, whom they returned dazed and amnestic 366 yearss subsequently.

When Halloween dark fell, people in some topographic points dressed up and tried to resemble the psyche of the dead. They hoped that the shades would go forth peacefully earlier midnight. They carried nutrient to the border of town or small town and left it for the liquors.

In Wales, they believed that the Satan appeared in the form of a hog, a Equus caballus, or a Canis familiaris. On that dark, every individual marked a rock and set it in a balefire. If a individual & # 8217 ; s rock was losing the following forenoon, he or she would decease within a twelvemonth.

Much subsequently, when Christianity came to Great Britain and Ireland, the Church sagely let the people keep their old banquet. But it gave it a new association when in the 9th
century a festival in honor of all saints ( All Hallows ) was fixed on November 1. In the 11th
century November 2 became All Souls & # 8217 ; Day to honor the psyche of the dead, peculiarly those who died during the twelvemonth.

Christian tradition included the lighting of balefires and carring blazing torches all around the Fieldss. In some topographic points multitudes of flaring staw were flung into the air. When these ceremonials were over, everyone returned place to banquet on the new harvest of apples and nuts, which are the traditional Halloween nutrients. On that dark, people related their experience with unusual noises and spooky shadows and played traditional games.

Halloween imposts today follow many of the ancient traditions, though their significance has long since disappeared.

A favorite Halloween usage is to do a jack-j & # 8217 ; -lantern. Children take out the center of the Cucurbita pepo, cut hole holes for the eyes, nose and mouth in its side and, eventually, they put a taper inside the Cucurbita pepo to frighten their friends. The candle combustion inside makes the orangish face visible from far off on a dark dark & # 8211 ; and the mush makes a delightful pumpkin-pie.

Peoples in England and Ireland one time carved out Beta vulgariss, murphies, and Brassica rapas to do jack-o & # 8217 ; -lanterns on Halloween. When the Scots and Irish came to the United States, they brought their imposts with them. But they began to carve faces on Cucurbita pepos because they were more plentiful in fall than Brassica rapas. Nowadays, British carve faces on Cucurbita pepos, excessively.

Harmonizing to an Irish fable, jack-o & # 8217 ; -lanterns were named for a adult male called Jack who was ill-famed for his inebriation and being ungenerous. One eventide at the local saloon, the Devil appeared to take his psyche. Clever Jack persuaded the Devil to & # 8220 ; have one drink together before we go & # 8221 ; . To pay for his drink the Devil turned himself into a tanner. Jack instantly put it into his billfold. The Devil couldn & # 8217 ; t flight from it because it had a gimmick in the signifier of a cross. Jack released the Devil merely when the latter promised to go forth him in peace for another twelvemonth. Twelve months subsequently, Jack played another practical gag on the Devil, allowing him down from a tree merely on the promise that he would ne’er purse him once more. Finally, Jack & # 8217 ; s organic structure wore out. He could non come in heaven because he was a miser. He could non come in snake pit either, because he played gags on the Devil. Jack was in desperation. He begged the Devil for a unrecorded coal to illume his manner out of the dark. He put it into a Brassica rapa and, as the narrative goes, is still rolling around the Earth with his lantern.

Halloween is something called Beggars & # 8217 ; Night or Trick or Treat dark. Some people celebrate Beggars & # 8217 ; Night as Irish kids did in the 17th
century. They dress up as shades and enchantresss and travel into the streets to implore. And kids go from house to house and state: & # 8220 ; Trick or dainty!
& # 8221 ; , intending & # 8220 ; Give me a dainty or I & # 8217 ; ll play a fast one on you
& # 8221 ; . Some groups of & # 8220 ; shades
& # 8221 ; chant Beggars & # 8217 ; Night rimes:

Trick or dainty,

Smell our pess.

We want something

Good to eat.

In large metropoliss Halloween jubilations frequently include particular decorating competitions. Young people are invited to lather shop-windows, and they get awards for the best soap-drawings.

In old times, practical gags were even more luxuriant. It was rather normal to steal Gatess, block house doors, and cover chimneys with sod so that fume could non get away. Blame for ensuing pandemonium was of course placed on the & # 8220 ; liquors
& # 8221 ; .

At Halloween parties the invitees wear every sort of costume. Some people dress up like supernatural animals, other prefers historical or political figures. You can besides run into plagiarists, princesses, Draculas, Cinderellas, or even Frankenstein & # 8217 ; s monsters at a Halloween festival.

At Halloween parties kids play traditional games. Many games day of the month back to the crop festivals of really ancient times. One of the most popular is called bobbing for apples. One kid at a clip has to acquire apples from a bath of H2O without utilizing custodies. But how to make this? By droping his or her face into the H2O and seize with teething the apple!

Another game is pin-the-tail-on-the & # 8211 ; donkey. One kid is unsighted folded and spun easy so that he or she will go dizzy. Then the kid must happen a paper donkey haging on the wall and seek to trap a tail onto the dorsum.

And no Halloween party is complete without at least one chilling narrative. It helps excessively create an air of enigma.

Certain fortunetelling methods began in Europe 100s of old ages ago and became an of import portion of Halloween. For illustration, such object as a coin, a ring, and a thimble were baked into a bar or other nutrient. It was believed that the individual who found the coin in the bar would go affluent. The 1 who found the ring would get married shortly, but the individual who got the thimble would ne’er acquire married.

Unfortunately now most people do non believe in evil liquors. They know that evil liquors do non interrupt stairss, spill refuse or draw down fencings. If belongings is damaged, they blame blue male childs and misss. Today, Halloween is still a bad dark for the constabulary & # 8230 ;

March 1st
is a really of import twenty-four hours for Welsh people. It & # 8217 ; s St. David & # 8217 ; s Day. He & # 8217 ; s the & # 8220 ; patron & # 8221 ; or national saint of Wales. On March 1st
, the Welsh celebrate St. Davids Day and have on Narcissus pseudonarcissuss in the button holes of their coats or jackets.

On February 14th
it & # 8217 ; s Saint Valentine & # 8217 ; s Day in Britain. It is non a national vacation. Banks and offices do non shut, but it is a happy small festival in honor of St. Valentine. On this twenty-four hours, people send Valentine cards to their hubbies, married womans, girlfriends and fellows. You can besides direct a card to a individual you do non cognize. But traditionally you must ne’er compose your name on it. Some British newspapers have got a page for Valentine & # 8217 ; s Day messages on February 14th
.

This lovely twenty-four hours is widely celebrated among people of all ages by the exchanging of & # 8220 ; valentines & # 8221 ; .

Saint Valentine was a sufferer but this banquet goes back to pagan times and the Roman banquet of Lupercalia. The names of immature single misss were put into a vase. The immature work forces each picked a name, and discovered the individuality of their brides.

This usage came to Britain when the Romans invaded it. But the church moved the festival to the nearest Christian saint & # 8217 ; s twenty-four hours: this was Saint Valentine & # 8217 ; s Day.

Midsummer & # 8217 ; s Day, June 24th
, is the longest twenty-four hours of the twelvemonth. On that twenty-four hours you can see a really old usage at Stonehenge, in Wiltshire, England. Stonehenge is on of Europe & # 8217 ; s biggest rock circles. A batch of the rocks are 10 or 12 meters high. It is besides really old. The earliest portion of Stonehenge is about 5,000 old ages old. But what was Stonehenge? A holy topographic point? A market? Or was it a sort of calendar? Many people think that the Druids used it for a calendar. The Druids were the priests in Britain 2,000 old ages ago. They used the Sun and the rocks at Stonehenge to cognize the start of months and seasons. There are Druids in Britain today, excessively. And every June 24th
a batch of them go to Stonehenge. On that forenoon the Sun radiances on one celebrated rock & # 8211 ; the Heel rock. For the Druids this is a really of import minute in the twelvemonth. But for a batch of British people it is merely a unusual old usage.

Londoners celebrate carnivals. And one of them is Europe & # 8217 ; s biggest street carnival. A batch of people in the Notting Hill country of London come from the West Indies & # 8211 ; a group of islands in the Caribbean. And for two yearss in August, Nutting Hill is the West Indies. There is West Indian nutrient and music in the streets. There is besides a large parade and people dance twenty-four hours and dark.

April 1st
is April Fool & # 8217 ; s Day in Britain. This is a really old tradition from the Middle Ages ( between the fifth and 15th centuries ) . At that clip the retainers were Masterss for one twenty-four hours of the twelvemonth. They gave orders to their Masterss, and their Masterss had to obey.

Now April Fool & # 8217 ; s Day is different. It is a twenty-four hours for gags and fast ones.

One of the most interesting competitions is the university boat race.

Oxford and Cambridge are Britain & # 8217 ; s two oldest universities. In the 19th century, rowing was a popular athletics at both of them. In 1829 they agreed to hold a race. They raced on the river Thames and the Oxford boat won. That started a tradition. Now, every Spring, the University Boat Race goes from Putney to Mortlake on the Thames. That is 6,7 kilometers. The Cambridge oarsmans wear light blue shirts and the Oxford oarsmans wear dark blue. There are eight work forces in each boat. There is besides a & # 8220 ; cyclooxygenase
& # 8221 ; . The cyclooxygenase controls the boat. Traditionally cyclooxygenases are work forces, but Susan Brown became the first adult female cyclooxygenase in 1981. She was the cyclooxygenase for Oxford and they won.

An one-year British tradition, which captures the imaginativeness of the whole state is the London to Brighton Car Rally in which a fleet of ancient autos indulges in a blithe race from the Capital to the Coast.

When the veteran autos set out on the London & # 8211 ; Brighton run each November, they are observing one of the great landmarks in the history of driving in Britain & # 8211 ; the abolishment of the regulation that every & # 8220 ; horseless passenger car
& # 8221 ; had to be preceded along the route by a prosaic. This highly boring limitation, imposed by the Locomotives on Highways Act, was withdrawn in 1896, and on November of that twelvemonth at that place was a mass meeting of motor-cars on the London – Brighton main road to observe the first twenty-four hours of freedom & # 8211 ; Emancipation Day, as it has known by automobilists of all time since.

Emancipation is still on the first Sunday of the month, but today there is an of import status of entry & # 8211 ; every auto taking portion must be at least 60 old ages old.

The Run is non a race. Entrants are limited to a maximal mean velocity of 20 stat mis per hr. The great thing is non speed but quality of public presentation, and the dedicated partisans have a conversation all their ain.

The Highland Games & # 8211 ; this featuring tradition is Scots. In the Highlands ( the mountains of Scotland ) households, or & # 8220 ; kins & # 8221 ; , started the Games 100s of old ages ago.

Some of the athleticss are the Games are international: the high leap and the long leap, for illustration. But other athleticss go on merely at the Highland Games. One is fliping the caber. & # 8220 ; Fliping
& # 8221 ; means throwing, and a & # 8220 ; caber
& # 8221 ; is a long, heavy piece of wood. In fliping the caber you lift the caber ( it can be five or six meters tall ) . Then you throw it in forepart of you.

At the Highland Games a batch of work forces wear kilts. These are traditional Scots skirts for work forces. But they are non all the same. Each kin has a different & # 8220 ; tartan & # 8221 ; . That is the name for the form on the kilt. So at the Highland Games there are traditional athleticss and traditional instrument & # 8211 ; the bagpipes. The bagpipes are really loud. They say Scots soldier played them before a conflict. The noise frightened the soldiers on other side.

The universe & # 8217 ; s most celebrated tennis tourney is Wimbledon. It started at a little nine in south London in the 19th century. Now a batch of the 19th century traditions have changed. For illustration, the adult females participants don & # 8217 ; Ts have to have on long skirts. And the work forces participants do non hold to have on long pants. But other traditions have non changed at Wimbledon. The tribunals are still grass, and visitants still eat strawberries and pick. The linguistic communication of tennis has non changed either.

There are some British traditions and imposts refering their private life. The British are considered to be the universe & # 8217 ; s greatest tea drinkers. And so tea is Britain & # 8217 ; s favorite drink. The English cognize how to do tea and what it does for you. In England people say jestingly: & # 8216 ; The trial of good tea is simple. If a spoon stands up in it, so it is strong plenty ; if the spoon starts to coggle, it is a lame stopgap & # 8217 ; .

Every state has its imbibing wonts, some of which are general and obvious, others most curious. Most states besides have a national drink. In England the national is beer, and the saloon & # 8220 ; saloon
& # 8221 ; , where people talk, eat, imbibe, run into their friends and relax.

The word & # 8220 ; saloon
& # 8221 ; is short for & # 8220 ; public house & # 8221 ; . Pubs sell beer. ( British beer is ever warm ) . An of import usage in saloon is & # 8220 ; purchasing a unit of ammunition & # 8221 ; . In a group, one individual buys all the others a drink. This is a & # 8220 ; unit of ammunition & # 8221 ; . Then one by one all the people buy unit of ammunitions, excessively. If they are with friends, British people sometimes lift their spectacless before they drink and say: & # 8220 ; Cheers
& # 8221 ; . This means & # 8220 ; Good fortune
& # 8221 ; .

In the saloon in south-west England there is another traditional drink-scrumpy.

Pub names frequently have a long tradition. Some come from the thirteenth or 14th century. Every saloon has a name and every saloon has a mark above its door. The mark shows a image of the saloon & # 8217 ; s name.

And as you know, the British talk about the conditions a batch. They talk about the conditions because it changes so frequently. Wind, rain, Sun, cloud, snow & # 8211 ; they can all go on in a British winter & # 8211 ; or a British summer.

Hundreds of old ages ago, soldiers began this usage. They shook custodies to demo that they did non hold a blade. Now, agitating custodies is a usage in most states.

Frenchman agitate custodies every clip they meet, and snog each other on both cheeks as a ceremonial salutation, like the Russians, while Englishmans agitate custodies merely when they are introduced, or after a long absence.

Victorian England made about every bit many regulations about manus shaking as the Chinese did about obeisance. A adult male could non offer his manus foremost a lady ; immature ladies did non agitate work forces & # 8217 ; s custodies at all unless they were old friends ; married ladies could offer their custodies in a room, but non in public, where they would bow somewhat.

I have chosen the subject British imposts traditions because I enjoy larning the English linguistic communication and wanted to cognize more about British ways of life and traditions. Working on this subject I have to conclusion that British people are really conservative. They are proud pf their traditions and carefully maintain them up. It was interesting to cognize that aliens coming to England are stuck at one time by quite a figure of imposts and distinctive features.

So I think of Britain as a topographic point a batch of different types of people who observe their traditions.

& # 1051 ; & # 1080 ; & # 1090 ; & # 1077 ; & # 1088 ; & # 1072 ; & # 1090 ; & # 1091 ; & # 1088 ; & # 1072 ; :

1. & # 1043 ; & # 1086 ; & # 1083 ; & # 1080 ; & # 1094 ; & # 1099 ; & # 1085 ; & # 1089 ; & # 1082 ; & # 1080 ; & # 1081 ; & # 1070 ; . & # 8220 ; Great Britain & # 8221 ; & # 1080 ; & # 1079 ; & # 1076 ; . & # 171 ; & # 1050 ; & # 1072 ; & # 1088 ; & # 1086 ; & # 187 ; & # 1075 ; . & # 1057 ; .- & # 1055 ; & # 1077 ; & # 1090 ; & # 1077 ; & # 1088 ; & # 1073 ; & # 1091 ; & # 1088 ; & # 1075 ; , 1999 & # 1075 ; . ;

2. & # 1050 ; & # 1086 ; & # 1083 ; & # 1091 ; & # 1092 ; & # 1084 ; & # 1072 ; & # 1085 ; & # 1050 ; . & # 1048 ; . & # 171 ; & # 1057 ; & # 1090 ; & # 1088 ; & # 1072 ; & # 1085 ; & # 1080 ; & # 1094 ; & # 1099 ; & # 1041 ; & # 1088 ; & # 1080 ; & # 1090 ; & # 1072 ; & # 1085 ; & # 1089 ; & # 1082 ; & # 1086 ; & # 1081 ; & # 1080 ; & # 1089 ; & # 1090 ; & # 1086 ; & # 1088 ; & # 1080 ; & # 1080 ; & # 187 ; & # 1080 ; & # 1079 ; & # 1076 ; . & # 171 ; & # 1058 ; & # 1080 ; & # 1090 ; & # 1091 ; & # 1083 ; & # 187 ; & # 1075 ; . & # 1054 ; & # 1073 ; & # 1085 ; & # 1080 ; & # 1085 ; & # 1089 ; & # 1082 ; , 1999 & # 1075 ; . ;

3. & # 1050 ; & # 1086 ; & # 1089 ; & # 1090 ; & # 1077 ; & # 1085 ; & # 1082 ; & # 1086 ; & # 1043 ; . & # 1058 ; . & # 8220 ; Reader for summer & # 8221 ; & # 1080 ; & # 1079 ; & # 1076 ; . & # 171 ; & # 1055 ; & # 1088 ; & # 1086 ; & # 1089 ; & # 1074 ; & # 1077 ; & # 1097 ; & # 1077 ; & # 1085 ; & # 1080 ; & # 1077 ; & # 187 ; & # 1075 ; . & # 1052 ; & # 1086 ; & # 1089 ; & # 1082 ; & # 1074 ; & # 1072 ; 1985 & # 1075 ; . ;

4. & # 1052 ; & # 1080 ; & # 1085 ; & # 1100 ; & # 1103 ; & # 1088 ; – & # 1041 ; & # 1077 ; & # 1083 ; & # 1086 ; & # 1088 ; & # 1091 ; & # 1095 ; & # 1077 ; & # 1074 ; & # 1072 ; & # 1040 ; . & # 1055 ; . & # 171 ; & # 1040 ; & # 1085 ; & # 1075 ; & # 1083 ; & # 1080 ; & # 1081 ; & # 1089 ; & # 1082 ; & # 1080 ; & # 1081 ; & # 1103 ; & # 1079 ; & # 1099 ; & # 1082 ; & # 1076 ; & # 1083 ; & # 1103 ; & # 1072 ; & # 1073 ; & # 1080 ; & # 1090 ; & # 1091 ; & # 1088 ; & # 1080 ; & # 1077 ; & # 1085 ; & # 1090 ; & # 1086 ; & # 1074 ; & # 1080 ; & # 1096 ; & # 1082 ; & # 1086 ; & # 1083 ; & # 1100 ; & # 1085 ; & # 1080 ; & # 1082 ; & # 1086 ; & # 1074 ; & # 187 ; & # 1080 ; & # 1079 ; & # 1076 ; . & # 171 ; & # 1052 ; & # 1086 ; & # 1089 ; & # 1082 ; & # 1086 ; & # 1074 ; & # 1089 ; & # 1082 ; & # 1080 ; & # 1081 ; & # 1083 ; & # 1080 ; & # 1094 ; & # 1077 ; & # 1081 ; & # 187 ; 1999 & # 1075 ; . ;

5. & # 1054 ; & # 1097 ; & # 1077 ; & # 1087 ; & # 1082 ; & # 1086 ; & # 1074 ; & # 1072 ; & # 1042 ; . & # 1042 ; . & # 8220 ; Britain in Brief & # 8221 ; & # 1080 ; & # 1079 ; & # 1076 ; . & # 171 ; & # 1051 ; & # 1080 ; & # 1089 ; & # 1090 ; & # 187 ; & # 1075 ; . & # 1052 ; & # 1086 ; & # 1089 ; & # 1082 ; & # 1074 ; & # 1072 ; 1999 & # 1075 ; . ;

6. & # 1056 ; & # 1080 ; & # 1089 ; – & # 1055 ; & # 1072 ; & # 1088 ; & # 1084 ; & # 1077 ; & # 1085 ; & # 8220 ; Christmas & # 8221 ; , & # 1078 ; & # 1091 ; & # 1088 ; & # 1085 ; & # 1072 ; & # 1083 ; & # 171 ; & # 1040 ; & # 1085 ; & # 1075 ; & # 1083 ; & # 1080 ; & # 1103 ; & # 187 ; & # 8470 ; 69 & # 1089 ; & # 1090 ; & # 1088 ; . 113-119 ;

7. & # 1056 ; & # 1080 ; & # 1089 ; – & # 1055 ; & # 1072 ; & # 1088 ; & # 1085 ; & # 1072 ; & # 1083 ; & # 1061 ; & # 1080 ; & # 1083 ; & # 1072 ; & # 1088 ; & # 1085 ; & # 8220 ; Helloandgoodbye & # 8221 ; , & # 1078 ; & # 1091 ; & # 1088 ; & # 1085 ; & # 1072 ; & # 1083 ; & # 171 ; & # 1040 ; & # 1085 ; & # 1075 ; & # 1083 ; & # 1080 ; & # 1103 ; & # 187 ; & # 8470 ; 73 & # 1089 ; & # 1090 ; & # 1088 ; . 115-117 ;

8. & # 1056 ; & # 1080 ; & # 1089 ; – & # 1055 ; & # 1072 ; & # 1088 ; & # 1085 ; & # 1072 ; & # 1083 ; & # 171 ; & # 1056 ; & # 1086 ; & # 1078 ; & # 1076 ; & # 1077 ; & # 1089 ; & # 1090 ; & # 1074 ; & # 1086 ; & # 187 ; , & # 1078 ; & # 1091 ; & # 1088 ; & # 1085 ; & # 1072 ; & # 1083 ; & # 171 ; & # 1040 ; & # 1085 ; & # 1075 ; & # 1083 ; & # 1080 ; & # 1103 ; & # 187 ; & # 8470 ; 77 & # 1089 ; & # 1090 ; & # 1088 ; .107-109 ;

9. & # 1057 ; & # 1090 ; & # 1080 ; & # 1074 ; & # 1077 ; & # 1085 ; & # 1056 ; & # 1072 ; & # 1073 ; & # 1083 ; & # 1077 ; & # 1081 ; & # 8220 ; Customs and traditions in Britain & # 8221 ; & # 1080 ; & # 1079 ; & # 1076 ; . & # 8220 ; Longman Group & # 8221 ; , & # 1048 ; & # 1050 ; , 1996 & # 1075 ; . ;

10. & # 1059 ; & # 1089 ; & # 1086 ; & # 1074 ; & # 1072 ; & # 1043 ; . & # 1057 ; . & # 8220 ; British history & # 8221 ; & # 1080 ; & # 1079 ; & # 1076 ; . & # 171 ; & # 1051 ; & # 1072 ; & # 1085 ; & # 1100 ; & # 187 ; & # 1075 ; . & # 1057 ; .- & # 1055 ; & # 1077 ; & # 1090 ; & # 1077 ; & # 1088 ; & # 1073 ; & # 1091 ; & # 1088 ; & # 1075 ; 1999 & # 1075 ; . ;

11. & # 1061 ; & # 1080 ; & # 1096 ; & # 1091 ; & # 1085 ; & # 1080 ; & # 1085 ; & # 1072 ; & # 1058 ; . & # 1053 ; . & # 8220 ; Customs, traditions and vacations in Britain & # 8221 ; & # 1080 ; & # 1079 ; & # 1076 ; . & # 171 ; & # 1055 ; & # 1088 ; & # 1086 ; & # 1089 ; & # 1074 ; & # 1077 ; & # 1097 ; & # 1077 ; & # 1085 ; & # 1080 ; & # 1077 ; & # 187 ; & # 1075 ; . & # 1057 ; .- & # 1055 ; & # 1077 ; & # 1090 ; & # 1077 ; & # 1088 ; & # 1073 ; & # 1091 ; & # 1088 ; & # 1075 ; 1975 & # 1075 ; . ;

12. & # 1062 ; & # 1074 ; & # 1077 ; & # 1090 ; & # 1082 ; & # 1086 ; & # 1074 ; & # 1072 ; & # 1048 ; . & # 1042 ; . & # 171 ; & # 1040 ; & # 1085 ; & # 1075 ; & # 1083 ; & # 1080 ; & # 1081 ; & # 1089 ; & # 1082 ; & # 1080 ; & # 1081 ; & # 1076 ; & # 1083 ; & # 1103 ; & # 1087 ; & # 1086 ; & # 1089 ; & # 1090 ; & # 1091 ; & # 1087 ; & # 1072 ; & # 1102 ; & # 1097 ; & # 1080 ; & # 1093 ; & # 1074 ; & # 1074 ; & # 1091 ; & # 1079 ; & # 1099 ; & # 187 ; & # 1080 ; & # 1079 ; & # 1076 ; . & # 171 ; & # 1043 ; & # 1083 ; & # 1086 ; & # 1089 ; & # 1089 ; & # 1072 ; & # 187 ; & # 1075 ; . & # 1052 ; & # 1086 ; & # 1089 ; & # 1082 ; & # 1074 ; & # 1072 ; 1997 & # 1075 ; . ;

Цветкова И.В. журнал «Speakout» изд. «Глосса» г. Тула 1997г. стр.2-8.
Öâåòêîâà È.Â. æóðíàë «Speakout» èçä. «Ãëîññà» ã. Òóëà 1997ã. ñòð.2-8.

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