Analyze two newspaper articles with regard to the tools of linguistics. This work includes two newspaper articles. Article one is called “Pakistan’s alternate touristry industry” by Shyema Sajjad ( Pakistani position ) and article two is named as “CIA Contractor Raymond Davis is Free—Now Is the Time to Reconsider Our Support for Pakistan’s Government” by Christian Whiton ( American position ) . First. this assignment will work at two degrees of analysing article discourse. The first degree includes the structuring of propositions and the 2nd includes their sequence. Furthermore. the scrutiny of persons and actions fall under the first phase and the sequencing of these actions into a consistent whole follow it. Any discourse analysis moves from micro- degree scrutiny to macro-level scrutiny. Likewise. newspaper discourse moves from word degree ( lexis ) to condemn degree. All these lingual tools bit by bit progress from minor root-scale survey to group-scale research. Get downing off with degree one. the lexical wonts of the given articles would be foremost stated individually. than. contrasted.

Lexical Analysis: –

The analysis of peculiar words used in a newspaper text is ever the first phase of any textual analysis.

Article one: –

In this article. words belong to assorted classs to incite some of import inquiries. The lexical classs in this article includes the words of concern. words of war and racial animus. words of falsity and propaganda. words of currency and in conclusion words of marauder versus quarry. Words of Business: – These include exchange. ticket. breezing in and out. program. trade. bundle dealing. Wordss of war: – These include shoot. hazard. desperation. control. onslaught. ardor. terror. get-away. masterstroke. Wordss of racial animus: – sheer terror on America’s face. US legislatures. Wordss of falsity and propaganda: – hide-outs. compensation. cloudy fortunes. murky position. fumbled and mumbled. diplomatic unsusceptibility fed assorted prevarications. Wordss of Currency: – tonss and tonss of money. dealing. monetary value. Wordss of marauder versus quarry: – putting to death. hazard. shoot at will. deceases. deliverance. Pakistan is a resort area.

Article two: –

Wordss of racial animus: – supposed US ally. agreement Pakistan broke. improper for Pakistan. over-all incident is hideous. Pakistan is excessively corrupt. Wordss of money: – blood money. pouring money. US support. payment. pay handsomely. paying payoffs. month’s cheque. monolithic hand-out of hard currency. Wordss of uncertainty and misgiving: – argument on our trust to Pakistan. disgraceful. anarchic behaviour. insulting. subscribing off. Pakistan is excessively corrupt. Wordss of war: – carelessness. kill. sureties. antagonists. killing fling. hunted.

LEXICAL COMPARISON OF BOTH ARTICLES: –

In both these articles. words exhibit clear significances. The racial features have been displayed in sweeping mode by incompatible words of animus and fury. Irony and sarcasm has been used which contends with human absurdnesss. Disparity of sentiments and competition has been depicted through the words like shoot at will. disgraceful. bribes etc. Collapse of friendly relationship and feelings of ill will are prevailing throughout the text. Money has been tagged as a corrupting factor for both the authoritiess.

Similarly. the subject of marauder versus the quarry. huntsman versus the hunted has been depicted by demoing Pakistan as a “playground” . Furthermore the construct of us and them has been portrayed. Certain negative words have been used to demo the carelessness of Pakistani authorities through the phrases like “now” is the clip to “reconsider” “our” support for “Pakistani Government” and “what will “our” antagonists reason? ”etc. Thus both of the articles stand apart from each other. We notice that how the functions of the participant are reversed through the pick of strong words. Both the authors have used convincing lexis to back up their instance. And we as the readers are easy able to pull different intensions through the pick of strong words.

Naming AND REFERENTIAL STRATEGIES: –

The manner people are named in intelligence discourse can hold important impact on the manner in which they are viewed.

Article one: –

This article by a Pakistani author takes an explicitly projected sarcastic temper. All the text has been explained as an dry commentary chastising the new touristry bundles Pakistan has late offered. In this article America has been named openly as a marauder on Pakistani “playground” . The author gives America a symbol of a “tourist” who avails the “adventure package” and makes it back place “unharmed” . Another of import naming scheme is the indirect usage of “You” to imply Raymond Davis at an single degree and besides America as whole. at a more advanced degree. Calling America and Davis with the “ you-perspective” takes an dry atmosphere- both verbal sarcasm and sarcasm of state of affairs. The word “you” besides magnify the detached positions of us and them

. Article two: –

In this article. Pakistan has been awarded words implying hatred and disrespect. All through the length of the article. the American author explicitly isolates Pakistan by the usage of words like “Pakistani Government” . Pakistani functionaries. trust on Pakistan. Pakistan has been given a simile of “a corrupt system” . On the contrary India has been mentioned as “democratic India” demoing friendly commitment with her. Davis has besides been called in footings of a national hero through the words like “US Official” . On another point Davis has been flaunted by an stray “Mr. Davis” foregrounding his raised and respectful stature for America. Pakistan has besides been invariably insulted by dry comments as a “supposed US ally” .

Comparison and analysis: –

The conversational stance characterized by a simpleness yet straightness of enunciation pervades the two articles. Both articles are sharp and teasing in their look of hatred and disgust. War-like hostility and hunting subjects are perennial through the disaffection of calling techniques. Pakistan. US and Davis stand clearly and reflect independently throughout the textual canvas.

Postulation: –

This technique bears similarity with referential schemes. It means linguistically delegating qualities to individuals. animate beings. objects. events. actions and societal phenomenon.

Article one: –

The Pakistani newspaper article has a excess usage of postulations for illustration words like “not revealed. non disclosed. don’t desperation. don’t worry” shows the writer’s covert stance. Besides verbs like “targets. accused. and shoots” connote war-like imagination. The most important verbs in this article belong to the subject of perfidy and amour propre. For illustration. “taking us for a drive over and over” and “we will be fed assorted prevarications. contradictions. mollifications and denials” . Here. siting a unsafe joyride and feeding toxicant contaminated nutrient could be the concealed analogies the author wants to do.

Article two: –

The American position is besides full of sarcastic tonss and derogatory comments about Pakistan. The author calls Pakistani behaviour as “insulting” . Furthermore. Pakistan’s money dependence on America has been bitterly mentioned once more and once more so as to hammer Pakistan’s greed. For illustration “sending” one million millions of US dollars to Islamabad and “paying bribes” does “nothing” to assist these affairs. Another illustration is “pouring money” into a corrupt system “encourages” corruptness.

Comparison: –

Verbs of incompatible significances have been used to foreground pessimistic ambiance of fury and rage. The prostration of human relationships in the destructiveness of today’s racial defeat is a major motive in both the texts.

SENTENCE CONTRUCTION: Syntax AND TRANSIVITY

Transitivity describes the relationships between the participants and the functions they play in the procedures described in coverage. Harmonizing to Simpson. in any procedure there are three constituents that can be changed. These constituents are the participants. the procedure and the fortunes. Noun phrase is used for participant. verb phrase for the procedure and the adverbial and prepositional phrase for the fortunes. The procedure is farther subdivided into verbal procedure. mental procedure. relational procedure and stuff procedure. Material procedure farther includes the transitive actions and intransitive actions. All these points will be explored in both articles.

Article one: –

The first article enumerates an indirect word picture of Raymond Davis incident. The audience instantly becomes attuned to the story-like agreement of the incident in footings of “a touristry package” . The perennial subjects of the article maintain the readers at the border of their seats basking every spot of information the narrative reveals. In this article. there is a biting irony which forces the readers to experience the brunt of their absurdness as Pakistanis. Taken as mere marionettes. Pakistanis are the “participants” along with Raymond Davis. America and Pakistani authorities. Their functions have been described through the nouns mentioned earlier in the assignment. The whole procedure is that of “current political unrest” between the two provinces. This procedure farther takes on a separate touch as the two authoritiess try to conceal their inducements. This procedure has been described by the words like “grilled” “fumbled and mumbled” . All the four procedures have been used.

All four sorts of procedures are used. The verbal procedures include the verbs like. hitting. speech production. working. seeking and rejecting etc. Mental procedures include the words like accepting. There are different sentences which includes the relational procedures. like “what’s the injury in seting a monetary value to someone’s life’ ‘what a antic master-stroke it was’ Equally far as the stuff procedure is concerned it includes the transitive and intransitive action. The transitive action involves the agent and the object of the action while the intransitive involves merely one participant. The transitive action is apparent when the author states that: ‘to cognize more about the US Drone work stoppage experience. you will be given entree to information” The intransitive action is losing in this article.

Article two: –

The procedure is once more the Davis issue. Participants are Davis. American and Pakistani authorities. India and Afghanistan have besides been mentioned. The mental procedure includes conclude. reconsider. The stuff procedures are present. The transitive action is represented through the sentence “We should take this chance to reconsider our support to Pakistani government” . Merely these procedures are present.

SENTENCE Construction: Modality

Modal auxiliary verbs are a tool to measure and justice. They play a important portion in sentence construction. They are the opposite schemes to transitivity.

Article one: –

In this article modals have been used. The modal of may hold been used in the sentence “Regarding the deaths-blood money may necessitate to be pain” . Here may is used as a modal for chance. Modal of will in the sentence. “Will the US of all time contradict over Davis’s unsusceptibility? ” has been projected as a modal of future purpose and anticipation. This stance is demoing the writer’s appraising stance.

Article two: –

This article is redundantly occupied with modals. Sentences like “Aid to Pakistan should be halted” . “the payoff paid for Mr. Davis’s release should be subtracted from this month’s cheque for Islamabad” . “Congress should act” . Here should hold been used as a modal of duty. necessity and anticipation. Modal auxiliary verbs of can hold besides been applied. For illustration “From this. Congress can at least extenuate the damage” . This average depicts ability. possibility. and petition.

Modal of would is exemplified in the sentence. “Some would reason that our largesse for Pakistan buys us entree to neighbouring Afghanistan” . This modal has been applied to demo status. wont and penchant.

Comparison: –

Modal auxiliary verbs have strengthened the author’s stance in both the articles. All the participants are to the full embroiled in action and continually rope out negativenesss. The startling rage and terse remarks predates the articles and alarm us to intend beyond the common nucleus of the words spoken. Where the Pakistani writer embeds her expounding of state of affairs into the flow of the duologue. the American writer echoes his address with consecutive poison-drenched words of accuse and misgiving. Hence. the average picks are an indicant of the attitudes. judgements or the political beliefs of the author or a talker.

Presupposition

Presupposition is the relation between signifier and map. These are concealed and presupposed significances in a text. It is an inexplicit claim hidden in the expressed claim of the text.
Article one: –

The concealed stance in article one is clearly that the release of Davis is “not” justified. The concealed stance can be expressed through the usage of articles. nouns and verbs. In this article. the usage of “You” shows a derisive point of positions. The cynicism is directed towards the Pakistani governments to hold swallowed the blood money. Verbs like paid. underestimated. and runing all show the implicitness of war between the two states. Adjective used for demoing the tallness of sarcasm is “fantastic masterstroke” to show the jeer of the blood money dealing. Wh-questions are besides present like “ who will pay that-you wonder” .

Article two: –

There is concealed or covert stance in this article. Although the writer bluffly states his hate for Pakistan. his stance could be presupposed to some extent. His attitude is direct and cutting. The acuteness of lingua and usage of modals defends his political position. On top of that. the writer in turn throws inquiries at the authorities and people to reconsider their manner of action. The presuppositions in this article are triggered by the usage of “wh-questions” For illustration “what will our antagonists conclude? ”

Rhetorical Trope: –

Rhetorical devices are used for persuasion and convincing. It has five sub-catagories.

1. Hyperbole: –
It means inordinate hyperbole.
Article one: –

Hyperbole is prevailing in the sentences like “Pakistan touristry offers a new bundle which has been tried. tested and proven successful” . This drawn-out image of touristry bundle is a exaggeration to clear up the image of free intruding on Pakistani evidences. Subsequently this exaggeration has been farther explained through descriptive phrases like “Adventure package” . “adventure plan” . “Pakistan is a playground—you can take anything and anyone on a ride” . All these words show overelaborated images of Pakistani naivete and exposure.

Article two: –

This article is full of overdone defeat on portion of America. For illustration the sentences like “Assistance from US taxpayers to Pakistan has increased to a sky-high norm of $ 1. 5 billion per twelvemonth. The gal of inquiring for an excess $ 2. 3 million payment on top of it is insulting” . Here hyperbole is depicted through words like “sky-high” . “extra” . “on top of it” . Furthermore. sentences like “Pakistan is far excessively corrupt for economic system to work” . “Pakistan still utilizations and supports terrorists as tools for national policy” . All these accusals are false and are based on misinformation.