1. Fredrick Douglass: Extremist Egalitarian. former slave. emancipationist. speechmaker. author. solon. anti-emigrationist. anti-colonialist -Oration Delivered in Corinthian Hall ( online ) > Fourth of July speech criticizing Americans for observing independency while continuing bondage -The Colonizationist Revival ( p. 65 )

-African Civilization Society ( p. 76 )

2. Martin Delaney: Black Nationalist ( “nation within a nation” ) . emancipationist. emigrationist. journalist. doctor. author. advocator for black segregation -The Political Destiny of the Colored Race on the American Continent ( p. 70 )

3. Edward Bleyden: Father of Pan-Africanism. left U. S. to Liberia. advocator for the Back-to-Africa-movement

4. David Walker: Abolitionist. challenged racism. didn’t like the American Colonization Society. anti-slavery militant -An Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World ( p. 87 ) = call for black integrity and self-help in the battle against subjugation and unfairness through instruction and faith oCriticized American Colonization Society. Thomas Jefferson’s averments of black lower status

5. Ida B. Wells: Black Feminist. Extremist Classless. journalist who documented lynchings. advocator for women’s rights and right to vote. promoted political agitation/armed resistance/activism -“Iola” on Discrimination ( p. 195 )

-Southern Horrors: Lynch Law in All Its Phases ( p. 203 )

6. W. E. B. DuBois: Integrationist. co-founder of NAACP. critiqued Garvey and his Back-to-Africa-movement and Africa-for-Africans motto ; coined the footings “talented tenth” ( mentioning to black rational elite who would progress the black race in America ) and “double consciousness” ( holding two individualities. one self-imposed and one externally-imposed…and the battle to get married the two…being Black without being cursed//not giving up being black but besides non giving up being American ) ; Racial Uplift…what is racial upheaval? -To the Nations of the World ( p. 199 )

-Manifesto of the Second Pan-African Congress ( p. 283 )
-Labor Ombia Vincit ( p. 303 )
-Close Ranks ( p. 294 )
-Returning Soldiers ( p. 296 )
-Of Mr. Booker T. Washington and Others ( 210 )

7. State of Islam Black Nationalism. Cultural Nationalism. Black Supremacy. Malcolm X sliver. Elijah Muhammad. Louis Farrakhan

8. Marcus Garvey: Black Nationalist. Pan-Africanism advocator. Founder of UNIA. promoted Back-to-Africa-movement. Africa for Africans motto. Garveyism ( salvation of Africa…tenets: ( 1 ) race foremost ( 2 ) autonomy ( 3 ) nationhood ) ; Garvey was deported from the U. S. ; met with KKK…because they had the same goal—getting inkinesss out of U. S. – Address to the Second UNIA Convention ( p. 278 )

9. UNIA: Universal Negro Improvement Association. largest Black organisation of all time. founded by Garvey

10. Libertarianism Individual rights. free economy/markets. laissez faire administration

11. Extremist Egalitarianism Activism. they think American Liberalism political orientation is right but execution is incorrect

12. Thomas Jefferson Within context of this class…he looks down on Blacks. he thinks they are inherently inferior and if they mix with Blacks they will be better ; Benjamin Banneker> Black PhD and surveyor designer

13. Black Vernacular Black cultural peculiarity. the linguistic communication itself. and colloquialism

14. Linked Fate Idea that if you do good as an person. it constitutes as the race making good as a whole ; the election of Obama…the Black race eventually succeeded

15. Black Public Sphere Black Counter public…Blacks had to hold their ain establishments. fraternities. colleges. etc.

16. Emmit Till He was killed for reportedly chat uping with a white adult female

17. Revolutionary Nationalism Spiritual reclamation. return to Africa. believe White persons are inherently racist •Revolutionary Nationalism > Place accent on Black Power and pull their doctrine from 3rd universe release motions ( e. g. Castro. Che. Mao ) and the thought that it is merely through socialism can true equality exist in society. Economic concerns trump cultural issues…Black Panthers…SEPARATE PHYSICAL INSTITUTIONS ( e. g. black colleges. churches. etc. ) Constant battle against white domination. Centrality of these motions are the oppressed against oppressor. So it is non wholly Marxist. because Marxism focuses on the different classes…so it is non strictly Marxism.

18. Cultural Nationalism Women are low-level ; return to traditions//rituals//style oGarvey. NOI. Malcolm X Garvey had a spin on Christianity. some Black Patriots have embraced Judaism as a set of spiritual patterns oAfrocentricity The thought that reconnecting with Africa is of import Cultural Patriots saw Blacks as undifferentiated…it was merely when Blacks became cultivated by analyzing African literature and civilization that they could interrupt free of the slave outlook

•Cultural Nationalism > Focus on segregation and making a distinctively Black political. societal. cultural. and economic domain that Blacks control ; desire for a Black Nation within America or Africa ; Afrocentrism = it is merely by reconnecting with the African civilization ( e. g. have oning African attire. observing Kwanzaa ) . which they deem is reliable Black civilization. can Blacks genuinely break free from the slave outlook that they accepted as American consumers ; diehards with issues refering gender and gender. sing adult females to be subordinate…thus. it is at odds with Black Feminism ( SPIRITUAL RECONNECTION WITH AFRICA ) State of Islam. Elijah Muhammad is strongly connected with Cultural Nationalism…”we need to acquire up and work for ourselves”—self-determination.

WHAT IS COUNTERCULTURE?

19. Gender Equality Even in Black Marxism/Black Nationalism…women were ever subordinated

20. Sexual Orientation Black community suppressed homosexualism

21. Community Nationalism

•Community Nationalism > Favors integrating and promotion within already-existing White communities in order to foster the cause of Black rights in America ; most widely accepted train of idea because it is the least extremist Culls segregation and backdown from the state…mirrors Black Liberalism. but Black Liberalism does non needfully include the community…community patriotism is introverted and it shapes where the community should and will travel. 22. John Brown: Abolitionist who believed that armed rebellion was the lone manner to subvert the violent system of bondage in the U. S. ; responsible for Pottawatomie Massacre and the Raid of Harpers Ferry

23. Race: Social Construction? —Yes. Historical. Political. and Economic? —Yes. Is race existent? Biological vs. lived experience Race is a concept born out of the procedure of colonisation. western enlargement and bondage that is used as a engineering to distinguish human existences. It is a societal. political. economic. and historic concept that is invariably reinforced both by province action and mundane experience. Racial individualities are both chosen and imposed at the same time.

24. Patriotism: Devotion of one’s homeland…the Black community lacked nationalism in the traditional sense because America rejected Blacks and treated them like second-class citizens

25. SNCC: Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee ; one of the organisations of the American Civil Rights Movement in the sixtiess. Spearheaded sit-ins and freedom drives

26. Elijah Muhammed: Black spiritual leader who led the State of Islam ; wise man to Malcolm X. Louis Farrakhan. etc.

27. Malcolm Ten: Moslem curate and human rights militant ; was associated with the State of Islam but subsequently split and became a Sunni Muslim ; when he was involved with the NOI. he taught Black Supremacy and advocated segregation alternatively of integrationism…but after he split. he disavowed racism and worked with other Black civil rights leaders. but still maintained his beliefs on Black self-government and self-defence

31. Black Panther Party: Black radical socialist organisation ; Black Power. Black Nationalism ; originally called chiefly for the protection of Blacks from police ferociousness ; leaders of the Black Panther Party espoused socialist and Marxist philosophies ; became an icon of the counterculture of the sixtiess ; finally condemned Black Nationalism as “Black racism” and became more focussed on socialism without racial exclusivity

32. US Organization: Rival party of the Black Panther Party ; Cultural Nationalism protagonism group…promoting cultural reconnection of Blacks ; publicity of Afro-american cultural integrity

33. Elaine Brown: Militant. author. vocalist. former Black Panther Party president ; briefly ran for the Green Party presidential nomination in 2008 ; laminitis of Mothers Advocating Juvenile Justice

34. Eldridge Cleaver: Writer and political militant ; early leader of the Black Panther Party

35. Maulana Karenga: Afro-american professor. militant. writer. Godhead of pan-African and Afro-american vacation of Kwanzaa ; major figure in the Black Power motion ; co-founded the US Organization

36. Martin Luther King Jr. : Clergyman. militant. Afro-american Civil Rights Movement leader ; civil noncompliance

37. Principles of Non-Violent Social Change: Nonviolent resistance/civil disobedience—Martin Luther King. Jr. Ida B. Wells and Malcolm X were oppositions of this sort of thought

38. NAACP: National Association for the Advancement of Colored People ; its mission is “to guarantee the political. educational. societal. and economic equality of rights of all individuals and to extinguish racial hatred and racial discrimination”

39. Double Consciousness Du Bois…how you perceive yourself and how other perceive yourself is at odds…the Black experience in America is to invariably bridge and seek to get married those two different identities…