1. 0 Introduction Society is a shared context in a manner that every individual’s activity relates and connects to it. including concern. Culture is the comprised of values. beliefs. behaviours. imposts. and attitudes that differentiate each society. A society’s civilization determines the systems that manage how organisations function in the society ( Griffin and Pustay. 2010 ) . Because of persons possess their ain activity and wonts. they do things otherwise in a group.

There are some features of civilization are indispensable for their significance to international concern. First of all. civilization reflects learned behavior that is conveyed from one member of a society to another. Certain elements of civilization are conveyed intergenerationally. for case a household. when parents educate their kids table etiquette. Some elements are transmitted intragenerationally. like when seniors teach incoming freshers about a school’s imposts ( Griffin and Pustay. 2010 ; Phatak et Al. . 2009 ) .

Next. the elements of civilization are interrelated. For illustration. in Canada. different subcultures ( different cultural group ) include Anglophones and francophones ( English-speaking and French-speaking people ) ( Deresky. 2011 ) .

Due to civilization is learned behavior. the civilization alterations in response to external forces affect the society. in other words. it is adaptative. An illustration is after World War II. Germany was divided into free-market-oriented West Germany and Communist guarded East Germany. Although they are holding a common heritage developed over centuries. this division created big cultural differences between Ossis ( East Germans ) and Wessis ( West Germans ) . The differences resulted from versions of the East German civilization to the rules of communist political orientation refering attitudes toward work. hazard taking. and unity of wage systems ( Griffin and Pustay. 2010 ) .

Finally. civilization is shared by associates of the society and in fact shapes the rank of the society. Persons who portion a civilization are members of a society. while those who do non are outside the confines of the society ( Griffin and Pustay. 2010 ) . Culture is inside everybody without their realisation. We are different because of it.

2. 0 Brief Introduction of Canada Location The state to be discussed in this assignment is Canada. Canada is located on the northern subdivision of the North American continent which is the North of the United States mainland. Waters surrounding the state consist of the North Atlantic Ocean to the E. the North Pacific Ocean to the West. and the Arctic Ocean to the North. Canada’s size is every bit great as that of the continent of Europe ( Encyclopedia of the Nations. 2011 ) . With a entire country of about 9. 984. 670 square kilometres harmonizing to CIA ( 2011 ) . it is the largest state in the Western Hemisphere and the second-largest in the universe. after Russia ( Encyclopedia of the Nations. 2011 ) .

In add-on. Canada is divided into 10 states and three districts. The three districts are Yukon Territory. Northwest Territories. and Nunavut Territory ( CIA. 2011 ; Encyclopedia of the Nations. 2011 ) . These lands are all located in the northwesterly. tundra parts of Canada. and each of them has a instead little population in comparing to the other states. Besides. the districts are chiefly settled by native folks. These indigens have obtained a certain degree of self-government for each peculiar district ( Encyclopedia of the Nations. 2011 ) .

Culture Harmonizing to CIA. Canada has two functionary linguistic communications. viz. English ( 58. 8 % ) and Gallic ( 21. 6 % ) . Thankss to the diverseness of all beginnings Canadians which stand from British Isles origin 28 % . Gallic origin 23 % . other European 15 % . Amerindian 2 % . other. largely Asiatic. African. Arab 6 % . and assorted background 26 % . Canada is a extremely diverse civilization. Besides. the major faiths are Roman Catholic and Protestant ( CIA. 2011 ) .

Due to its short history. Canadian civilization is above all modern. This is peculiarly evident in its writers. about all of whom are still alive: Margaret Atwood. Michael Ondaatje. Yann Martel ( three recent Booker Prize victors ) . Marie-Claire Blais and Antonine Maillet are already popular in the US ( Embassy of Canada in Washington. 2011 ) . In recent decennaries. Canada has gained international acknowledgment in the ocular humanistic disciplines thanks to progressive creative persons. Jeff Wall. Rodney Graham. Edward Burtynsky. Ken Lum. Ian Wallace and Genevieve Cadieux introduced new utilizations for picture taking techniques. Janet Cardiff and George Bures Miller used new engineerings in artistic formation ( Embassy of Canada in Washington. 2011 ) .

Population The population of Canada in July 2011 was 34. 030. 589 as estimated by the CIA ( 2011 ) . which made its population as figure 37 among the 237 states of the universe. It was approximately 15. 9 % of the population was over 65 old ages of age. with 15. 7 % of the population under 15 old ages of age in 2011 and there were 98 males for every 100 females in the state in 2011 ( CIA. 2011 ) . Harmonizing to CIA. the one-year population growing rate for 2011 is 0. 794 % .

It was estimated by CIA ( 2011 ) that 81 % of the population lived in urban countries in 2009. Canada’s capital metropolis. Ottawa. had a population of 1. 170. 000 in that twelvemonth. The Toronto metropolitan country had an estimated population of 5. 377. 000 ; Montreal. 3. 750. 000 ; Vancouver. 2. 197. 000 ; and Calgary. 1. 160. 000 ( CIA. 2011 ) .

Harmonizing to the Government of Yukon ( 2011 ) . Yukon Territory has an spread outing population over old ages of 34. 667 as of 2010. It was originally occupied by the Athapaskan folk. which still has six distinguishable groups of peoples shacking in the district ( Encyclopedia of the Nations. 2011 ) . In April 2011. the Northwest Territories had a population of 43. 505 ( NWT Bureau of Statistics ) . There is about 28 per centum of the population is descended from the Dene folk. while other autochthonal groups are the Inuvialuit and the Metis ( Encyclopedia of the Nations. 2011 ) .

Nunavut Bureau of Statistics ( 2011 ) shows that the Nunavut Territory had a population of 33. 413 as of April 2011. It was separated from the Northwest Territories in 1999 and is now the largest political subdivision in the state. covering 18 per centum of the entire land country. Furthermore. it is besides the largest native land-claim colony in the history of the state. About 84 per centum of the occupants claim lineage from native folks. and the largest of these Nunavut folk is the Inuit of 83 per centum. once known as the Eskimos which is a derogative term intending “eaters of natural meat” . Conversely. the balance of the native population in Nunavut Territory is descended from the Dene and Metis folks ( Encyclopedia of the Nations. 2011 ) .

Nationality Harmonizing to CIA. the people of Canada is known as Canadian in remarkable signifier. and Canadians in the plural signifier. whereas the adjective of Canada is called Canadian. There are four stairss to going a Canadian citizen. First. find if a individual is eligible to go a citizen. Second. use for citizenship. Following. take the citizenship trial. if the individual is between the ages of 18 and 54. Finally. go to a citizenship ceremonial. if the individual is 14 or older ( CIC. 2011 ) .

Economy As Canada Site ( 2011 ) says. Canada is one of the world’s wealthiest states. has the 10th largest economic system in the universe. and has one of the highest degrees of economic freedom in the universe. Besides that. Canada is besides a member of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development ( OECD ) and the Group of Eight ( G8 ) . OECD is a platform in which authoritiess work together to portion experiences and seek solutions to common jobs ( OECD. 2011 ) . while G8 is the group of eight extremely industrialised states including Canada. which hold a annual meeting. the G8 Summit to further consensus on planetary issues like economic growing and crisis direction. planetary security. energy. and terrorist act ( Council on Foreign Relations. 2011 ) .

Since World War II. the singular growing of the fabrication. excavation. and service sectors has transformed Canada from a mostly rural economic system into one chiefly urban industrial. The 1989 US-Canada Free Trade Agreement ( FTA ) and the 1994 North American Free Trade Agreement ( NAFTA ) ( which includes Mexico ) touched off a dramatic addition in trade and economic integrating with the United States of America ( US ) . Canada’s chief trading spouse. Canada benefits a significant trade excess with the US. which absorbs about three-quarterss of Canadian exports each twelvemonth. Furthermore. Canada is the US’s largest foreign provider of energy. including oil. gas. U. and electric power. With great natural resources. skilled labour force. and modern capital works. Canada’s economic systems enjoyed solid growing over old ages ( CIA. 2011 ) .

The Gross Domestic Product ( GDP ) of the state of buying power para in 2010 was $ 1. 33 trillion. which shows an addition after the economic recession from 2008 to 2009. with GDP of official exchange rate $ 1. 574 trillion in 2010 ( CIA. 2011 ) . Together with the Real Gross Domestic Product ( RGDP ) for the twelvemonth 2010 of $ 39. 400. there was a rush since 2009. The services sector was the major portion of composing of GDP which was 78 % in 2010. with 20 % in industry. and 2 % in agribusiness. Canada besides had an unemployment rate of 8 % in 2010 which has a bead of 0. 3 % compared to 2009. However. the rising prices rate besides had a rush of 1. 3 % to 1. 6 % in 2010 ( CIA. 2011 ) .

The agricultural merchandises of Canada include wheat. barley. oil-rich seed. baccy. fruits and more. whereas the industries merchandises are base from transit equipment. chemicals. processed and unrefined minerals. nutrient merchandises. wood and paper merchandises. fish merchandises. crude oil and natural gas. The exports trade goods are centrifugal vehicles and parts. industrial machinery. aircraft. telecommunications equipment. chemicals. plastics. fertilisers ; wood mush. lumber. petroleum crude oil. natural gas. electricity. and aluminium with $ 406. 8 billion in 2010. Imported goods are machinery and equipment. motor vehicles and parts. petroleum oil. chemicals. electricity. lasting consumer goods with $ 406. 4 billion in 2010 ( CIA. 2011 ) .

On 8 July 2011. the rate of 1. 00 US dollar is 0. 96 Canadian Dollar. which is the currency of Canada. at an exchange rate of 0. 9627 utilizing nominal rate ( Bank of Canada. 2011 ) .

Politicss Canada achieved independency on the first of July 1867 and recognized by UK per Statute of Westminster on 11 December 1931. The authorities of Canada bases of a parliamentary democracy. a federation. and a constitutional monarchy ( CIA. 2011 ) . Every district has merely one senator and one representative in the national parliament. fewer legislators than those stand foring the other states ( Encyclopedia of the Nations. 2011 ) . Besides. the political leaders are consist of the Bloc Quebecois. Gilles Duceppe ; Conservative Party of Canada. Stephen Harper ; Green Party. Elizabeth May ; Liberal Party. Robert Rae ( interim ) ; and New Democratic Party. Jack Layton. These political force per unit area groups are from the agricultural sector. car industry. concern groups. chemical industry. commercial Bankss. communications sector. energy industry. conservationists. public disposal groups. steel industry. and trade brotherhoods ( CIA. 2011 ) .

3. 0 Analysis of Geert Hofstede’s Dimensions Brief Nature of the Business The industry for this assignment is in the retailing sector. It is placed in Charlottetown. which is located in the state of Prince Edward Island. Canada. Its primary industry is in the fish and seafood markets. together with its surrogate industry of covering with jobbers and distributers. and a full-service eating house. It serves as a seafood market to sell unrecorded and cooked lobster ; unrecorded mussels. boodles. oysters. and quahogs ; shucked crenations. stop dead snow crab subdivisions. haddock. salmon and halibut filets. lobster meat. and much more. Besides. the organisation besides dispatches lobster. mussels and oysters across Canada. Having the company set off with fantastic positions of the heritage Hillsborough River and Charlottetown waterfront. it is a topographic point for people heading to the waterfront for a delightful seafood repast. or buying lobster. mussels. boodles. oysters. crab or fresh filets from the seafood market in the town.

Introduction of Geert Hofstede’s Dimensions Culture is defined into several ways. They include Geert Hofstede’s Five Dimensions which would be discussed as the following. Social Orientation Social orientation or individuality versus Bolshevism dimension looked at the relationship between the individual and his or her chaps. In societies where individuality was emphasized. the ties between persons were loose and single accomplishment and freedom were extremely treasured. In collectivized societies. the bonds between persons were tight. Therefore. people born in corporate societies. for illustration drawn-out households. and everyone was supposed to take attention of the involvement of his or her group ( Hill. 2007 ) .

Power Orientation One of the dimensions from Hofstede is the power orientation ( Giffin and Pustay. 2010 ) . or the power distance as Hill ( 2007 ) says. It is chiefly dealt with the manner a society treats the fact of unequal physical and rational capablenesss in worlds. High power orientation civilizations were found in states that permit inequalities turn finally into inequalities of power and wealth. says Hofstede ( Hill. 2007 ) . Harmonizing to Griffin and Pustay ( 2010 ) . high power orientation denotes a power respect civilization. where people in a civilization tend to accept the power and authorization of their higher-ups simply on the footing of the superiors’ places in the hierarchy. These same people besides are inclined to esteem the superiors’ right to that power orientation. Peoples at all degrees in a house accept the determinations and authorizations of those above them because of the implied belief that higher-level places carry the right to do determinations and publish bids ( Giffin and Pustay. 2010 ) .

On the contrary. low power distance civilizations would seek to minimise such inequalities they could ( Hill. 2007 ) . As Griffin and Pustay ( 2010 ) say. low power orientation suggests that a civilization is in power tolerance. It has much less significance to an individual’s place in the hierarchy. They are more willing to oppugn a determination or authorization from those higher degrees or even reject it. They are willing to follow a leader when that leader is perceived to be right or when it seems to be in their ain opportunism to make so but non because of the leader’s intangible right to publish authorizations.

Uncertainty Orientation Another dimension is uncertainness orientation ( Griffin and Pustay. 2010 ) or uncertainness turning away harmonizing to Hill ( 2007 ) . It assessed the grade of assorted civilizations socialize their members into admiting indefinite state of affairss and digesting ambiguity. Correlates of low uncertainness orientation. or uncertainness turning away harmonizing to Griffin and Pustay ( 2010 ) a civilization set high precedence on occupation security. calling forms. retirement benefits. and the similar. They besides took earnestly for regulations and ordinances ; the director was expected to present clear instructions. and subordinates’ enterprises were closely controlled ( Hill. 2007 ) . Furthermore. Griffin and Pustay ( 2010 ) define low power orientation as ambiguity and alteration are seen as unwanted. and society will forestall it whenever possible.

These people prefer a structured. modus operandi. and even bureaucratic. manner of executing undertakings. On the other manus. high uncertainness orientation. or uncertainness credence harmonizing to Griffin and Pustay ( 2010 ) civilizations were regarded as a greater preparedness to take hazards and less emotional opposition to alter ( Hill. 2007 ) . Harmonizing to Griffin and Pustay ( 2010 ) . people in uncertainness credence are stimulated by alteration and thrive on new chances. Ambiguity is considered as a context within which an person can turn. develop. and scratch out new chances. A sense of humdrum. routineness. and authoritarian construction are the certainty carried in this civilization.

Goal Orientation Goal orientation or maleness versus feminity harmonizing to Hill ( 2007 ) is the attack in which people are motivated to work toward different types of ends. One extreme on the end orientation scope is aggressive end behaviour. Peoples who display aggressive end behaviour or masculine civilizations harmonizing to Hill ( 2007 ) tend to put a high premium on material ownerships. money. and assertiveness.

At the other extreme. inactive end behaviour or feminine civilizations harmonizing to Hill ( 2007 ) are people that topographic point a higher value on societal relationships. quality of life. and public assistance for others. Furthermore. civilizations that value aggressive end behaviour besides tend to specify gender-based functions instead stiffly. whereas civilizations that stress inactive end behaviour do non. In civilizations regarded as highly aggressive end behaviour. work forces are expected to work and to concentrate their callings in conventionally male businesss ; adult females are normally expected non to work outside the place and to concentrate on their households. If they do work outside the place. they are normally expected to be engaged in countries of traditionally work dominated by adult females ( Griffin and Pustay. 2010 ) .

Time Orientation Hofstede’s 5th dimension. clip orientation. is the extent to which members of a civilization adopt a long-run against a short-run mentality on work. life. and other facets of society. Some civilizations. such as those of Hong Kong. Japan. Taiwan. and South Korea. have a longterm. future orientation that cherish dedication. difficult work. doggedness. and moderateness. Other civilizations. including those of Pakistan and West Africa. have a inclination to concentrate on the past and present. emphasizing regard for traditions and fulfilment of societal duties ( Griffin and Pustay. 2010 ) . Appraisal of Canada’s Culture Using Hofstede’s Dimensions In this portion of the assignment. Canada’s civilization is studied along Hofstede’s Dimensions. The ranking of Five Dimensions for Canada adapted from Geert Hofstede Cultural Dimensions ( 2009 ) is shown in Figure 1 below.