Chapter I
The Problem and Its Setting

A. Introduction

“Open a journalist’s desk drawer and inside you’ll find an unfinished novel. ” This was what Scanlan ( 2004 ) wrote in his essay From Fact to Fiction: Making the Leap. He added that while there are people in the news media industry who pattern their expertness on intelligence coverage. there are besides those who are inclined to other signifiers of composing viz. dramas. poesy. and fiction. Based on Scanlan’s definition. Journalism is a profession inclined to composing facts. Brainworld Publishing ( 2011 ) supplements this description as “the work of garnering. composing. redacting. and printing or circulating intelligence. as through newspapers and magazines or by telecasting and wireless. ” On the contrary. Brainworld Publishing describes fiction as the act of shaming or conceive ofing an event. state of affairs. and the similar non bing in existent life. This includes fable. fabrications. novel. love affair. narrative. and tale describes. In relation. a fictionist is person who writes fiction. chiefly novels ( Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 2011 ) . In the United States entirely. well-known novelists or fiction authors began their calling as journalists.

These great authors started out as “reporters of facts” ( Fishkin. 1985 ) . In 1835. celebrated nineteenth century American writer. poet. and literary critic Edgar Allan Poe ( 1809-1849 ) . better known for his enigma and horror-filled investigator narratives. had antecedently been an helper editor in the magazine Southern Literary Messenger. He besides acquired the same station in Burton’s Gentleman Magazine in 1839. but left for Graham’s Magazine. Poe besides wrote for the Evening Mirror. He so became an editor and finally the exclusive proprietor of The Broadway Journal. harmonizing to Bio. A & A ; E Television Networks. ( 2014 ) . Another outstanding figure in literature from the late 1800s. U. S. author Walt Whitman ( 1819-1892 ) . was an litterateur. a poet. every bit good as a journalist. He ab initio found a occupation as a newspaper learner at the age of 11.

In 1841. Whitman founded the hebdomadal Long-Islander. He had been an editor of Brooklyn Daily Eagle in 1846. He besides took charge of the column responsibility in Crescent so later pioneered the Brooklyn Freeman. both in 1848. His pattern in print continued for the undermentioned old ages until he resorted to and devoted the remainder of his life-time to realist poesy and chiefly politically-influenced plants ( Bio. A & A ; E Television Networks. 2014 ) . In the Philippines. award-winning book author Ricardo “Ricky” Lee. who is known for his fiction. worked as a journalist for the Philippine Press Freedom in 1970’s. Lee was besides a portion of Panunulat parity SA Kaunlaran nanogram Sambayanan ( PAKSA or Pen for the People’s Progress ) .

His experiences as a fleeting during the Martial Law served as an inspiration for some of his plants ( Lumbera. 2011 ) . Yabes ( 2014 ) says that 2001 National Artist for Literature. Ramon Magsaysay Awardee. and three-time first-prize Don Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards receiver F. Sionil Jose. used to be a campus journalist while analyzing Broad Humanistic disciplines in the University of Santo Tomas. He had been the editor-in-chief of UST’s functionary publication. The Varsitarian. Jose. whose novels are widely known for their heroic word picture of the Philippine life throughout history. is a publishing house every bit good. and holds editorial places for several local and international magazines. The research workers wonder about how the background in Journalism of selected Filipino fictionists help them pass through from composing facts to composing fiction.

B. Statement of the Problem

This survey will chiefly take to analyse the journalistic experiences of selected fictionists and its relationship to their authorship manners. Specifically. it will aim to reply the undermentioned inquiries:

1. How is the demographic profile of respondents be divided in footings of:

1. 1. age ;

1. 2. media association or publication company and
1. 3. old ages in the book industry?

2. How do journalistic experiences help the selected local fictionists in their field of work?

2. 1. What are the factors that influence journalists to besides venture on fiction authorship?

3. How does these journalists’ sense of world ( given that they report facts ) affect the contents of their fiction?

C. Significance of the Study

The chief intent of this survey is to alter the perceptual experience of people. particularly those embarking on news media as merely coverage of facts. The research workers believe that this will broaden the position of people in news media every bit good as the chances the said field can offer. Upon completion. the survey will be of importance to the followers: Media practicians. The survey will give an option for practising journalists to besides venture on fiction composing since they already had a background on authorship. Publishers. It will supply them new chances to put on and engage journalists who can compose fiction and the opportunity to present fresh authorship manners to the market. In return. the publication will hold more authors and finally bring forth more narratives. Draw a bead oning fiction authors.

Sing that taking news media class will better their authorship manner as future fiction authors. hence. they will be able to enrich their authorship capacity. Readers. It will assist them understand that news media class does non entirely concentrate on describing intelligence. It will besides alter their common misconception on journalists that the latter are merely boxed in composing fact-based narratives. Journalism pupils. It will open other avenues in composing aside from settling on the conventional proficient authorship. In add-on. it will give them the thought to venture on other composing occupations and to maximise their authorship abilities.

College of Humanistic disciplines and Letters Faculty. It will give an thought to the module that apart from learning proficient authorship to news media pupils. they can besides advice them to foster their authorship accomplishments in other ways such as fiction authorship. In add-on. the professors and teachers will hold an thought on how to foster broaden their students’ composing capablenesss. Future research workers. This survey will function as a mention stuff and a usher every bit good to those who will prosecute a survey related to this subject.

D. Scope and Delimitation

This survey will cover five or more fictionists. The research workers will interview topics who had old background in news media ( i. e. . campus journalist. editorialist. newspaper research worker. etc. ) but non needfully alumnuss of the said class about the latter’s journalistic experiences and its likely influence to their fiction. The choice of the fictionists to be interviewed will be based on the undermentioned standards:

•Has been in the authorship industry. peculiarly fiction. for 10 old ages or more ; and

•Is recognized in his/her chosen field.

It will be limited to Filipino authors who had practiced news media so turned into fictionists. excepting international fiction writers who have besides worked in the field of news media. The methodological analysis of the survey will merely last from October 2014 to March 2015.

E. Definition of Footings

The undermentioned words will be defined either conceptually or operationally: Book industry – the endeavor of bring forthing and fabricating books. peculiarly fiction Books – any printed fiction stuff on paper-back book. excepting e-books Crime Fiction – besides known as detective narratives. A work of fiction wherein unraveling and sensing of the truth about a offense. normally but non entirely slaying. plays the cardinal function in the secret plan. ( Shephard and Rennison. 2006 ) . Sport History – or athletics fiction. A work of fiction that features the chief characters’ battle with issues related to athleticss. ( Routman. 2005 )

Chapter II
Review of Related Studies and Literature

This chapter contains the researchers’ readings on the subject under survey.

A. Related Theories

New Historicism

New Historicism Theory proposes “several major ‘historicists’” to analyze a literature in societal. political. and cultural history context. A nation’s literary history is an look of “its germinating spirit” and consists of two attacks: one in the signifier of aggregation of archives and memorials of great people. and ‘historicist’ on the other. which “saw literary history as portion of a larger cultural history” ( Selden. 2005 ) . The New Historicists. as Tillyard describes ( 1943 ) . therefore “establish the interconnectednesss between the literature and the general civilization of a period. ” ( Selden. 2005 ) . The research workers will utilize the theory to analyse how historical events that the respondents witnessed during their news media pattern influence if their plants. The theory will besides function as a footing on how the respondents perceive world through their plants.

Postcolonial Criticism

Postcolonial unfavorable judgment delves into the bing relationship between the Western and Third World civilization. with the former quashing the latter with its ethnocentrism. The primary end of this theory is to follow the domination of Western civilization. idea. and values over the marginalized as expressed through literature ( Seldan. 1985 ) . Said ( 1978. as cited in Selden. 1985 ) asserts the differentiation made between the Occident and the Orient through Orientalism which has three overlapping countries: the 4000-year Europe-Asia dealingss. production of Oriental linguistic communication specializers. and pigeonholing the Orient as “the other. ” Spivak ( 1976. as cited in Selden. 1985 ) trades with deconstructive method in knocking and uncovering “how truth is constructed instead than exposing the error” ( Selden. 1985. p. 223 ) . She farther proposes how the Western tradition needs “the other” but does non readily acknowledge it. The research workers will utilize the theory to construe how the selected Filipino fictionists with news media background express such repression and convey world through their literary plants.

How the Humanities and Journalism Can Save Each Other

Perlmutter and Dowling ( 2012 ) explain that news media is critical in serialising fiction. They mention the nineteenth century best-selling novel Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin being foremost published in a periodical as an illustration. They assert that “Walt Whitman and Margaret Fuller nurtured their callings as fictionists through news media. ” They even suggested to newsmans serialising “novels they ever wanted to compose approximately. ” The same with the old survey. this survey will concentrate on fictional plants in print. but with different medium. Perlmutter and Dowling dressed ore on American best-sellers published in newspapers. whereas the survey will cover with selected Filipino fiction in a book publication. They analyze through observation and examples how news media helps some noteworthy American authors in bring forthing their fiction. while the research workers of this survey will carry on an interview to selected Filipino fiction authors with a news media background. mentioning how their journalistic experiences help them compose and print their plants.

An Intersection of Fact and Fiction: A Study of Naipaul’s ‘The Middle

Passage’ Pradhan ( 2014 ) explains the being of a mutual relationship between fictional and factual authorship. The research worker mentions the experiences of author Naipaul being similar to that of Ernest Hemingway. who were both journalists turned fictionists before they ventured on nonfiction. Pradhan uses John Hellmann’s Fables of Facts in calling new news media and nonfiction novel as modern-day genres in which journalistic stuffs are presented in the signifier of fiction. The old survey dressed ores on how former journalists turned nonfiction authors benefit from their experiences in composing fiction. while the survey to be conducted will cover with how the journalistic experiences of selected Filipino fictionists help them in their calling. The two surveies are similar in discoursing the relationship of composing fact and fiction. but differ in focal point.

Reflecting the Detectives: Crime Fiction and the New Journalism in Late Nineteen-Century Australia In this survey. Rachael Weaver ( 1892 ) explains the correlativity of offense fiction to offense coverage in Australia in the late nineteenth century utilizing the detective novels The Mystery of a Hansom Cab by Fergume Hume and Murder of Madeline Brown by Francis Adams and Australia’s most celebrated slaying instance. the Windsor calamity in 1892. as illustrations. Weaver provinces that many of the newspapers had their ain reading on the narrative. doing it sensationalized during that clip. Those newspapers released different guesss about the slaying.

For that case. the speculated angles of every publication served an inspiration for composing fact-finding narratives. “The intense. international media esthesis that surrounded the Windsor slaying provides an ideal chance for look intoing popular print civilization in late-nineteenth-century Australia… At least six book-length surveies of the instance were published in the hebdomads before and after Deeming’s executing in May. some running to several editions. each embellished more abundantly than the last. Their anon. writers practiced a signifier of sub-literary bricolage that engaged diverse generic subjects. mirroring a travel escapade one minute. a penny dreadful the following. However. the most often deployed motive throughout the mundane coverage and the book-length ‘histories’ were drawn – frequently with great clumsiness – from detective fiction. ”

Weaver describes the relationship between offense news media and detective fiction as “historical and digesting. ” She references that reported offenses provided stuffs for authors of esthesis fiction. She adds that Edgar Allan Poe’s The Mystery of Marie Roget was based on the studies of the real-life slaying of Mary Rogers in New York. The analysis is similar to the survey to be conducted because they both cite the experiences of authors to their end products. but varies from the experiences. The essay discusses the connexion of reading offense articles in newspapers of the Australian authors to their detective narratives. while the survey will cover with the nexus between the journalistic backgrounds of selected Filipino fictionists to their literary plants.

B. Related Surveies

From Fact to Fiction: Journalism & A ; Imaginative Writing in America Fishkin ( 1985 ) found out how fact turned into art. every bit good as how news media paved the manner to American literature. She assessed the lives and callings of Walt Whitman. Mark Twain. Theodore Dreiser. Ernest Hemingway. and John Dos Passos. including their corresponding plants in news media and fiction. She related the journalistic experiences of these authors and their fiction. and the factors for their gradual displacement in genre. Fishkin’s survey focused on the American literature. whereas this survey will cover with the Filipino literature. refering the journalistic experiences of selected Filipino fictionists in relation to their fiction. She reviewed merely the biographical histories of well-known American journalists turned fictionists. while the research workers of this survey will besides carry on an interview to Filipino fiction authors with a news media background. simply concentrating on their lives and callings before switching to composing fiction.

Gomez Alfaro: Pioneer of Interdisciplinary Studies on the Relationships between Journalism and Literature in Spain Rodriguez ( 2010 ) evaluated that news media and literature had been long linked with each other. which was later on merged together and coined as literary news media. He used Antonio Gomez Alfaro’s work in 1980’s and 1990’s. as an illustration. Rodriguez emphasized that Alfaro pioneered the construct of literary news media by carry oning a survey sing the connexion between news media and literature which Alfaro finished in 1960.

“This multi-focal attack is extraordinary sing at the clip Journalism was non portion of the Spanish university system ; hence. there was non a scientific platform nor were at that place academic case in points that supported in-depth. thorough research about news media and literature. a world that appeared 40 old ages after the publication of the aforesaid precursor. ”

Rodriguez added that news media was considered a portion of literary genre in 1845. “The work conducts a historical synthesis of the atomic and most considered guesss about the journalistic literary brotherhood. from 1845 until 1999. and depict the patterned advance of such parts. to allow an equal context to the precursory parts made by Antonio Gomez Alfaro to interdisciplinary surveies about Journalism and Literature in Spain. ”

The survey already performed is theoretically related to the hereafter survey. both of them concentrating on the relationship between news media and fiction. The two surveies both elaborate the differences and similarities of literary and news media. but differ in range. The old survey concentrated on Spanish literature. peculiarly Alfaro’s surveies. while the current survey will cover with Philippine Literature. specifically the plants of selected Filipino fictionists with journalistic background.

Text. Audiences. and Postmodernism: The Novel as Source in Sport History Johnes ( 2007 ) observed the recent demand to utilize fiction as mention for athletics history. He delved into how postmodernism influenced and was received by historiographers in suggesting fiction as a “social force” in determining how people understands the universe around them. He explored deeper into these postmodern thoughts by analysing Vernon Scannell’s 1953 novel The Fight. This survey concentrated on seting such thoughts into existent pattern. and used fiction as beginnings for athletics history while the survey to be conducted will use journalistic experiences in composing fiction. The old survey focused on how fiction was used as beginning stuffs for athleticss history while the current survey will concentrate on how the journalistic experiences of selected Filipino fictionists is used in their calling.

Theoretical Model

This survey is theoretically anchored in New Historicism theory which states that there is a connexion between the historical background of the topographic point where the writer originated or resided from and his literary plants. the former being utile to understanding the latter. In this survey. the research workers will look into on the relationship between the journalistic experiences of selected Filipino fictionists and their literary plants.

Figure 1. 0. Historical Criticism Diagram

Conceptual Model

Figure 2. 0. Conceptual Model of the Study