Essay, Research Paper

The subject that I have chosen is student jocks & # 8217 ; usage of drugs and intoxicant. I & # 8217 ; m interested to see if the old theory that pupil athletes tend to remain off from these things still holds true today. From my ain personal experience as a former high school and college football participant, I doubt that this is true. I & # 8217 ; vitamin D besides like to happen some surveies that may compare pupil jocks to the general pupil organic structure to see if there is a correlativity of use between these two groups. With the many narratives of jocks being arrested for intoxicant and drug maltreatment, I feel this information may be helpful in puting up a drug bar plan at the high school or in-between school degree.

Carr et Al. ( 1990 ) looked at the frequence of intoxicant usage, poisoning, and attitudes refering adolescent intoxicant maltreatment. They found that male high school jocks both use and abuse intoxicant more often than make non-athletes. Besides male non-athletes tend to abstain from intoxicant usage more than the jocks do. They found no difference in the frequence of usage or maltreatment of intoxicant by female jocks and non-athletes. There was besides no difference in the frequence of intoxicant ingestion between male and female jocks. But three fourths of the male jocks reported acquiring intoxicated when devouring alcohol compared to half of the female jocks.

The survey by Tricker and Connolly ( 1997 ) examined the attitudes of jocks who were at hazard for utilizing steroids, pep pills, cocaine, and marihuanas. They found that 17 per centum of the jocks surveyed felt that marihuana usage was an acceptable manner to get by with the force per unit areas of athletics. Besides the chief ground for jocks abstaining from drug usage was their fright of acquiring caught, instead than personal wellness hazards. Another large influence of jocks utilizing or non utilizing drugs was peer force per unit area from teammates.

Shields & # 8217 ; ( 1998 ) survey looked at the in-season and off-season usage of intoxicant by high school jocks and besides compared it to a similar survey done w/ the same population in 1988. Overall, jocks are utilizing intoxicant less both in and off-season in the current survey compared to 1988. Besides they used less intoxicant during their in-season than off-season. It was found that white jocks are 2.5 times more likely to utilize intoxicant both in and off-season compared to black jocks.

Hayes and Tevis ( 1977 ) looked for important differences or relationships between high school jocks and non-athletes with regard to imbibing behaviours and attitudes about intoxicant usage and maltreatment. They found non-athletes used alcohol more and were more tolerant of others utilizing it compared to jocks. Overall, males had a more tolerant attitude than females toward temperate and irresponsible usage of intoxicant. There seemed to be a correlativity between attitudes of irresponsible imbibing and who drinks the most, being the more they drank the more tolerant their attitudes were.

Overman and Terry ( 1991 ) compared the forms of usage and attitudes toward intoxicant by college jocks and non-athletes. There was no important difference between the imbibing behaviours of jocks and non-athletes, though jocks did describe imbibing more beer. Athletes tended to restrict imbibing to weekends and particular occasions, and seemed to believe of it more as a jubilation. Differences in imbibing behaviours were found between black and white pupils with respects to pick of drink, frequence of imbibing, jobs caused by imbibing.

Ewing ( 1998 ) wanted to see if high school pupils who participated in sports and a different form of marihuana usage compared to non-athletes. He found male jocks are more likely to seek marihuana and have used it more than their non-athlete opposite numbers. Female jocks are the opposite in that they use marihuanas less than non-athletic females. But female jocks are more likely than non-athletes to wait until post-high school before seeking it for the first clip.

Green et Al. ( 1995 ) researched if there were psychological factors associated with intoxicant usage or non-use by high school jocks. They found that choler was a important difference between jocks who use intoxicant and those who don & # 8217 ; t. There were no other Si

gnificant psychological differences found. The three chief grounds jocks gave for imbibing were “to have a good clip with friends, ” to “celebrate, ” and to “make one feel good.”

Tricker et Al. ( 1989 ) looked at why college jocks are at hazard for drug maltreatment and effectual drug bar plans. They felt that drug bar plans should seek to better the overall wellness of the pupil jock along with discouraging drug usage. Besides the drug instruction procedure should include more than merely giving information and threatening jocks with negative effects of drug usage. Its been found that utilizing countenances and regulations as a hindrance merely influences a little figure of jocks while the bulk continue their drug usage forms.

Leichliter et Al. ( 1998 ) compared intoxicant usage, orgy imbibing, and substance maltreatment related effects among non-athletes and jocks ( including intramural sports ) . Male and female jocks consumed significantly more alcohol per hebdomad, engaged in orgy imbibing more frequently, and suffered more inauspicious effects from their substance maltreatment. Team leaders were found to be no more responsible in utilizing intoxicant compared to their teammates. In fact male captains imbibe more intoxicant, binged more frequently, and suffered more effects than their squad members.

Evans et Al. ( 1992 ) investigated possible psychological factors associated with drug usage by college jocks and compared athlete drug users to non-users. They found high intoxicant users had significantly higher mark on choler, weariness, and energy trials. When compared to females in the high usage group for intoxicant, those in the low/no usage group felt more force per unit area from managers to execute good. Overall, high intoxicant users had higher self-pride mark than did low/no intoxicant users.

I felt that all of the research was good to happening what the rate of drug and intoxicant usage is among pupil jocks. I besides found that many of the articles had suggestions for bettering drug and intoxicant bar plans, though most of these thoughts were non really specific as to how to implement a plan. I think this will be helpful to me when I become a counsel counsellor and have to cover with these jobs on a day-to-day footing.

Bibliography

Mentions

Carr, C. N. , Kennedy, S. R. , & A ; Dimick, K. M. ( 1990 ) . Alcohol Use Among High School Athletes: A Comparison of Alcohol Use and Intoxication in Male and Female High School Athletes and Non-Athletes. Journal of Alcohol and Drug Education, 36 ( 1 ) , 39-43.

Evans, M. , Weinberg, R. , & A ; Jackson, A. ( 1992 ) . Psychological Factors Related to Drug Abuse in College Athletics. Sport Psychologist, 6 ( 1 ) , 24-41.

Ewing, B. T. ( 1998 ) . High School Athletes and Marijuana Use. Journal of Drug Education, 28 ( 2 ) , 147-157.

Green, E. K. , Burke, K. L. , Nix, C. L. , & A ; Lambrecht, K. W. ( 1995 ) . Psychological Factors Associated With Alcohol Use by High School Athletes. Journal of Sport Behavior, 18 ( 3 ) , 195-208.

Hayes, R. W. , & A ; Tevis, B. W. ( 1977 ) . A comparing of Attitudes and Behavior of High School Athletes and Non-Athletes with Respect to Alcohol Use and Abuse. Journal of Alcohol and Drug Education, 23 ( 1 ) , 20-28.

Leichliter, J. S. , Meilman, P. W. , Presley, C. A. , & A ; Cashin, J. R. ( 1998 ) . Alcohol Use and Related Consequences Among Students With Varying Levels of Involvement in College Athletics. Journal of American College Health, 46 ( 6 ) , 257-262.

Overman, S. J. , & A ; Terry, T. ( 1991 ) . Alcohol Use and Attitudes: A Comparison of College Athletes and Nonathletes. Journal of Drug Education, 21 ( 2 ) , 107-117.

Shields, E. W. Jr. ( 1998 ) . Relative Likelihood of In-season and Off-season Use of Alcohol by High School Athletes in North Carolina: Tendencies and Current Status. Journal of Alcohol and Drug Education, 43 ( 2 ) , 48-63.

Tricker, R. , & A ; Connolly, D. ( 1997 ) . Drugs and the College Athlete: An Analysis of the Attitudes of Student Athletes at Risk. Journal of Drug Education, 27 ( 2 ) , 105-119.

Tricker, R. , Cook, D. L. , & A ; McGuire, R. ( 1989 ) . Issues Related to Drug Abuse in College Sports: Athletes at Risk. Sport Psychologist, 3 ( 2 ) , 155-165.