Education in Nigeria is overseen by the Ministry of Education. And the local governments take duty for implementing policy for collectivist public instruction and province schools at a regional degree. The instruction system is divided into Kindergarten. primary instruction. secondary instruction and third instruction. Primary instruction Primary instruction. Yoruba. and Igbo. Private schools would besides offer Computer scientific discipline. Gallic. and All right Arts. Primary school pupils are required to take a Common Entrance Examination to measure up for admittance into the Federal and State Government Secondary schools. every bit good as private 1s.
The Universal Basic Education. UBE. came as a replacing for Nigeria’s Universal Primary Education strategy of the 6-3-3-4 system of primary instruction. The 9-3-4 system of instruction was designed in conformance with the MDGs and Education For All. EFA ( Kayode. 2006 ) . The UBE involves 6 old ages of Primary School instruction and 3 old ages of Junior Secondary School instruction. climaxing in 9 old ages of uninterrupted schooling. and passage from one category to another is automatic but determined through uninterrupted appraisal.
This strategy is monitored by the Universal Basic Education Commission. UBEC. and has made it “free” . “compulsory” and a right of every kid. [ 1 ] Therefore. the UBEC jurisprudence subdivision 15 defines UBE as early childhood attention and instruction. The jurisprudence stipulates a 9-year formal schooling. grownup literacy and non-formal instruction. skill acquisition plans and the instruction of particular groups such as nomads and migrators. miss kid and adult females. Al-majiri. street kids and handicapped people ( Aderinoye. 2007 ) . [ 2 ] Secondary instruction.
Students spend six old ages in Secondary School. that is 3 old ages of JSS ( Junior Secondary School ) . and 3 old ages of SSS ( Senior Secondary School ) . By Senior Secondary School Class 2 ( SS2 ) . pupils are taking the GCE O’Levels test. which is non compulsory. but most pupils take it to fix for the Senior Secondary Certificate Examination. The Senior Secondary School Exam is taken in the last twelvemonth of secondary school ( SS3 ) . Private organisations. the State authorities or the Federal authorities manage secondary schools in Nigeria.
The Federal Republic of Nigeria is made up of 36 States and the Federal Capital Territory. There are about two Federal Government Colleges in each province. These schools are funded and managed straight by the Federal Government through the Ministry of Education. Teachers and staff are Federal Government employees. Teachers at the Federal Government schools possess a Bachelors grade in Education or in a peculiar capable country. such as. Mathematics. Physics etc.
These schools are supposed to be exemplary schools transporting and keeping the ideals of secondary instruction for Nigerian pupils. Admission is based on virtue. determined by the National Common Entrance Examination taken by all concluding twelvemonth simple school students. Tuition and fees are really low. about 16 thousand naira ( $ 100 ) . because funding comes from the Federal Government. [ 2 ] State-owned secondary schools are funded by each province authorities and are non comparable to the Federal authorities colleges.
Although instruction is supposed to be free in the bulk of the province owned establishments. pupils are required to buy books. uniforms and pay for assorted things bing them an norm of 30 thousand naira ( $ 200 ) in an academic twelvemonth. Teachers in State-owned establishments normally have a National Certificate of Education or a Bachelors Degree. but this is non ever the instance as many secondary schools in Nigeria are filled with unqualified instructors who end up non being able to actuate the pupils. Often these schools are short-handed due to low province budgets. deficiency of inducements and abnormalities in payment of staff wages.
[ 2 ] Some state-owned secondary schools are regarded as elect colleges because of the historically high educational criterion and bring forthing alumnas who have outstanding citizens in the assorted callings. These included King’s College. Lagos and Queen’s College. Lagos. However. the college ranking of these establishments have since dropped because of the reaching of some private establishments. Private secondary schools in Nigeria tend to be rather expensive with mean one-year fees averaging from one hundred and sixty to three 100s and twenty 1000 naira ( $ 1000. 00 – $ 2000. 00 ) .
These schools have smaller categories ( about twenty to thirty pupils per category ) . modern equipment and a better environment. Most instructors in these establishments possess at least a Bachelors Degree in a specific class country and are sent for workshops or short term plans on a regular footing. [ 2 ] Promotional scrutinies With the debut of 6-3-3-4 system of instruction in Nigeria. the receiver of the instruction would pass six old ages in primary school. three old ages in junior secondary school. three old ages in senior secondary school. and four old ages in third establishment.
The six old ages spent in primary school and the three old ages spent in junior secondary school are merged to organize the nine in the 9-3-4 system. Wholly. the pupils must pass a minimal period of six old ages in Secondary School. During this period. pupils are expected to pass three old ages in Junior Secondary School and three old ages in Senior Secondary School. [ 2 ] The General Certificate of Education Examination ( GCE ) was replaced by the Senior Secondary Certificate Examination ( SSCE ) .
The SSCE is conducted at the terminal of the Secondary School surveies in May/June. The GCE is conducted in October/November as a addendum for those pupils who did non acquire the needed credits from their SSCE consequences. The criterions of the two scrutinies are fundamentally the same. A organic structure called West African Examination Council ( WAEC ) conducts both the SSCE and GCE. A upper limit of nine and a lower limit of seven topics are registered for the scrutiny by each pupil with Mathematics and English Language taking as compulsory.
[ 2 ] A upper limit of nine classs are assigned to each topic from: A1. B2. B3 ( Equivalent to Distinctions Grade ) ; C4. C5. C6 ( Equivalent to Credit Grade ) ; D7. E8 ( Just Pass Grade ) ; F9 ( Fail Grade ) . Credit classs and above is considered academically equal for entry into any University in Nigeria. In some survey plans. many of the universities may necessitate higher classs to acquire admittance. [ 2 ] The Federal Government policy on instruction is adhered to by all secondary schools in Nigeria. Six old ages of simple school is followed by six old ages of secondary school.
Senior Secondary school consists of the SS I. SS 2. and SS 3 which is tantamount to the 10th. 11th and 12th Grade. The Senior Secondary School Examination ( SSCE ) is taken at the terminal of the SS 3. The West African Examination Council ( WAEC ) administers both tests. Three to six months after a pupil has taken the SSCE scrutiny. they are issued an official transcript from their establishment. This transcript is valid for one twelvemonth. after which an Official transcript from the West African Examination Council is issued.
National Examination Council is another scrutiny organic structure in Nigeria Senior Secondary School Examination ( SSCE ) in June/July. The organic structure besides administer General Certificate of Education Examination ( GCE ) in December/January. The pupils frequently take both WAEC and NECO scrutinies in SSS 3. [ 2 ] Tertiary instruction The authorities has bulk control of university instruction. The state has a entire figure of 128 universities registered by NUC among which federal and province authorities ain 40 and 38 severally while 50 universities are in private owned.
First twelvemonth entry demands into most universities in Nigeria include: Minimum of SSCE/GCE Ordinary Level Credits at upper limit of two posings ; Minimum cut-off Markss in Joint Admission and Matriculation Board Entrance Examination ( JAMB ) of 180 and above out of a upper limit of 400 Markss are required. Campaigners with lower limit of Merit Pass in National Certificate of Education ( NCE ) . National Diploma ( ND ) and other Advanced Level Certificates minimal makings with lower limit of 5 O/L Creditss are given direct entry admittance into the appropriate undergraduate grade plans.
[ 2 ] Students usually enter university from age 18 onwards. and survey for an academic grade. Historically. universities are divided into several grades: First Generation Universities Five of these Universities were established between 1948 and 1965. following the recommendation of the Ashby Commission set up by the British Colonial Government to analyze the necessity of university instruction for Nigeria. These universities are to the full funded by the federal authorities.
They were established chiefly to run into a demand for qualified forces in Nigeria and to put basic criterions for university instruction. These universities have continued to play their functions for the production of qualified forces and the proviso of criterions. which have helped to steer the subsequent constitutions of other coevalss of universities in Nigeria. Universities in this grade include the University of Nigeria. Nsukka and the University of Ibadan. [ 2 ] Second Generation Universities
With the increasing population of qualified pupils for university instruction in Nigeria and the turning demands for scientific and technological developments. puting up more universities became imperative. Between 1970 and 1985. 12 extra universities were established and located in assorted parts of the state. [ 2 ] Third Generation Universities The demand to set up Universities to turn to particular countries of Technological and Agricultural demand prompted the puting up of 10 extra Universities between 1985 and 1999. [ 2 ] State Universities.
Pressures from qualified pupils from each province who could non readily acquire admittances to any of the Federal Universities continued to mount on States Governments. It became imperative and pressing for some State Governments to put in the constitution of Universities. [ 2 ] Private Universities In acknowledgment of the demand to promote private engagement in the proviso of university instruction. the Federal Government established a jurisprudence in 1993. leting private sectors to set up universities following guidelines prescribed by the Government.
[ 2 ] The typical continuance of undergraduate plans in Nigerian universities depends mostly on the plan of survey. For illustration. Social Sciences/Humanity related classs are 4 Old ages. Engineering/Technology related classs are 5 Old ages. Pharmacy classs are 5 Old ages. and Law classs are 5 Old ages. each with two semester Sessionss per twelvemonth. Medicine ( Vet/Human ) grades take 6 Old ages and have longer Sessionss during the twelvemonth. [ 2 ] Women in instruction Education has been recognized as a basic homo right since the 1948 acceptance of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
A positive correlativity exists between the registration of misss in priary school and the gross national merchandise and life anticipation. [ 3 ] Because of this correlativity. registration in schools represents the largest constituent of social investing into human capital. [ 4 ] Rapid socioeconomic development of a state has been observed to depend on the quality of adult females and their instruction in that state. [ 5 ] Education bestows on adult females a temperament for a womb-to-tomb acquisition of cognition. values. attitudes. competency and accomplishments. [ 6 ] .
