The usage of fossil fuels as the primary beginning of energy has inadvertently landed humanity into its greatest challenge yet. As oil and coal are burnt up. the nursery gases are doing the thaw of polar ice. taking to a concatenation reaction that threatens every other facet of the ecosystem. This paper looks at the crisis that fossil fuels have brought approximately. every bit good researching existent and proposed solutions. both at the collective and the single degree. Introduction Global warming technically refers to the overall rise in planetary temperatures.

Its widespread usage nevertheless besides encompasses the classs of this rise in temperatures and the effects thereof. More significantly. it is synonymous with the function of human beings’ activity in lending to these rises. Carbon emanations from planes. autos and industrial workss lift up into the ambiance and make a cover of heavy air that traps heat that radiates onto the earth’s surface. By non allowing heat flight. over clip the Earth becomes warmer. This has a direct consequence on the flow of ocean currents. straight responsible for conditions forms.

It besides causes the thaw of polar ice. which besides besides impacting clime. besides causes the sea degrees to lift. ( Guggenheim D & A ; Gore Albert. 2006 ) . Effectss of Global Warming Some critics are disbelieving of the whole impression of planetary heating. Despite this unfavorable judgment. it has grabbed the attending of multitudes. and they are progressively analyzing its effects. The followers is a brief penetration ; Agriculture is cardinal to life. as it is the beginning of nutrient. Without nutrient. human existences are at hazard of extinction. and struggles are bound to originate.

Yet planetary heating is baleful agribusiness. Due to climate alteration. the environments where bees and other animals critical to pollenation are used to brooding in are no longer suited. and the bees are vanishing in droves. More than that. rainfall and sunlight forms are altering. rendering farming areas unsuitable for the harvests that are used to turning at that place usually. The combined consequence is that agricultural outputs are negatively affected. and there arises a deficit in overall supply of nutrient worldwide.

In early 2008. with the human race hungrier. nutrient monetary values rose to their highest degrees of all time. and rising prices in many states became unprecedented. This tendency came to a caput at the beginning of 2008. with public violences and rebellions in legion states. In the Philippines. soldiers were deployed to guard nutrient harvest farms from being raided. Haitians on their portion overthrew their authorities in protest over indefensible nutrient costs. It is besides here that people were reduced to eating clay. if merely to make full up their tummies. Similar scenarios were reported in Sierra Leone. Nigeria. and a good figure of Asiatic emerging economic systems.

Global heating is non the lone factor in conveying about nutrient deficit. but it does play a major function. and has come to the attending of multitudes around the Earth that are willing to move to extenuate the negative effects ( Auken. 2008 ) . Another set of negative consequence that has been tied to planetary heating are the now prevailing natural catastrophes thumping assorted parts of the universe. Hurricanes that have brought desolation to New Orleans. Mexico and more late Jamaica over the past few seasons have been the worst in recorded history.

They have been attributed to rises in sea degree ensuing from glacial thaws owing to planetary heating. They have brought unprecedented devastation. coercing many coastal metropoliss to follow new schemes to battle such events. Billions of dollars are now being invested in catastrophe bar. and are ensuing in an addition in revenue enhancement. Similar sums are being invested in Reconstruction attempts to reconstruct damaged substructure. Housing theoretical accounts are being radically changed. with cheaper lodging being favored to cut losingss in instance of any contingencies.

Prevailing Solutions Such tools as C footmarks and green makings are now being employed to act upon the behavior of the common individual to lend toward cut downing their personal negative impact on the Earth ; consumers in Europe and America are progressively going witting to buy nutrient with minimum C footmarks for illustration. Carbon footmarks refer to the sum of C dioxide emitted during the procedure of developing a merchandise from abrasion to the point where it gets to the consumer.

In consequence. merchandises which use plentifulness of machinery to bring forth and hold to be transported by to a great extent fuel reliant means such as planes and trucks have much higher C footmarks than those that are produced utilizing minimum dodo energy and are close to the market. Labels bespeaking the C footmark are put on merchandises by organisations who take the enterprise. in a command to carry consumers to purchase the least destructive merchandises. And the method seems to be working.

In Europe particularly. consumers are progressively cutting on their parts environmental debasement and merchandises with high C footmarks and happening progressively limited market. Closely related is the issue of organic nutrients. These are deriving penchant for the ground that they are produced utilizing merely natural stuff. instead than chemicals that are risky to human existences and detrimental to the environment. The degree to which a merchandise is free of chemical toxicity is referred to as its organic evaluation. merely like C footmarks are used to picture the degree of C emanations of a merchandise.

Publications and other signifiers of media are used by proactive organisations to sensitise the populace on which merchandises are environmentally friendly. and these do have a major influence on consumer picks. The consequence is that husbandmans functioning the European markets are utilizing progressively less machinery and chemicals. thereby cut downing the emanations and chemical pollution of the agricultural industry to the environment. Manufacturers besides have to accommodate to a new manner of production- with their C footmarks being closely monitored. they are progressively seting their production processes to acquire favourable evaluations ( Organic Trade Association. 2008 ) .

My Solution Proposal In the battle against planetary heating. I believe attempts should now be geared toward experiments on wholly new life styles and signifiers of organisation. with successful experiments being replicated across the Earth. In my instance. I propose an experiment with a new eco metropolis. sooner in an waterless country. at a waterfront ( e. g. a lake ) for sustainability of life. This will kill rather a few birds with one rock. as the jobs of nutrient insecurity. unsustainable energy and otiose land would wholly be addressed. Execution

In planing such an urban development. cutting border engineering and extremist thought are required at every measure of the manner. Ecological urban planning constructs are necessary to take advantage of the lake zephyr. which can be harnessed for air current energy to provide for a important portion of the new city’s energy demands. The metropolis program should besides let for the zephyr to perforate the streets and residential countries instead than barricade it. When this is done. ecological architecture can be employed in planing self-cooling edifices. which have the advantage of non merely salvaging on air conditioning.

This is desirable because it both saves on energy and preserves the environment. seeing as most air conditioners are environmentally harmful. The urban program besides needs to take attention of bing ecosystems – if there are any watercourses. trees or wildlife habitations. the metropolis and edifice designs should be made around them. Buildings will necessitate to be fitted with solar panels to take advantage of the abundant Sun in waterless lands. therefore farther adding to the energy supply provided by air current. Wherever possible. edifices should hold green roofing.

This is where gardens are made on top of roofs for intents of nutrient. beautification and more. This will hold a figure of advantages ; nutrient will be more abundant. a cool microclimate will be created ( further cut downing the demand for air conditioning ) . and the C footmark will be drastically reduced or eliminated. The edifices can besides be constructed with dual walls utilizing recycled stuff ( for sustainability ) . Double walls have the consequence of maintaining temperatures low when it’s hot exterior and warm when it’s cold outdoors.

Stretchs of idle land merely outside the metropolis can be used to works ecologically friendly biofuel harvests such as Jatropha Carcus. which is drought-resistant. to finish whatever energy demands that may stay. Bing at the lakefront. clean H2O for most jobs might turn out a challenge to acquire. therefore the demand to continue and recycle whatever H2O can be harnessed. One of the ways to make this is by usage of a Sewerage Treatment Plant ( STP ) . which filters sewage to bring forth H2O for irrigation and gas for cookery.

This manner. other clean beginnings of H2O can be less burdened. Energy demands will besides be met. Gardens and Parkss should be organic to cut down the sum of fertiliser and chemical pesticides necessary to keep them. Prolonging the Gains All the defined additions of an eco-city would be to naught if the occupants do non prolong them. Residents should be encouraged to carpool when traveling to work. or better still to rhythm to work to minimise the C footmark. Equally much as possible. recycled stuff should be used and other stuff should be recycled.

The usage of plastic bags should be banned. alternatively promoting the usage of bio-degradable baskets. For illuming. energy-saving fluorescent bulbs and tubings should be used. Each place should hold a garden in its compound. with at least a tree or two. The gardens. for domestic nutrient ingestion. should be grown organically. The beach country should be kept clean. with no littering or dumping of chemicals or wastewater into the lake. This will assist continue marine life and overall aesthetic beauty. If such a metropolis can be constructed. myriad additions will hold been made ; Positive Environmental Impact

The immediate impact of all the new flora – the green roofs. place gardens. biofuel harvests. etc – would be the creative activity of a cool microclimate in the developed country. Being in forepart of a lake. the waterless land as it presently is can non profit because all the wet being brought in by the zephyr either evaporates or travels long distances inland. profiting other countries with flora. With the new flora nevertheless. the wet would be trapped. and as the workss perspire. vapour would lift into the local sky. thereby making rain at that local degree.

The overall decreased heat degrees would besides decelerate down vaporization rates. guaranting that the dirt remains damp. helped besides by the increased rain. Naturally. more rain is bound to increase flora screen. farther heightening the value of the land and making a positive rhythm. Positive Impact on Soil As the flora grows and dies. the dirt would be enriched organically as the leaf decomposes. increasing its productiveness. This happens when the decomposed leaf turns into humus. and mixes with the local sand. This has the consequence of adhering the dirt together while making an acceptable degree of drainage and porousness within it.

If the dirt is farther enriched with the waste merchandises of the STP procedure. the overall composing of the dirt will go extremely favourable to agriculture. It would besides be contributing for worms and other dirt beings to turn. which in bend further enrich the dirt with critical foods. Positive Economic Impact Another country of profound impact will be economic ; from the clip of building right through to the constitution of offices and abodes. employment chances will abound for both locals and immigrants.

The eco-friendliness of the country will besides pull investing – a batch of which these yearss is painstaking – therefore spurring growing. Bing at the lakefront. the metropolis is besides extremely likely to pull considerable international touristry as tourers seek clean and new countries to get away from winter or merely to wind off. At the same clip. the marine fishing industry is bound to see a encouragement from the clean fishing countries. with ready market locally provided by occupants within the new metropolis. They may even be able to export. depending on other factors.

At the domestic degree. people will be able to turn nutrient and cut down their family budget. They may even be able to sell some of it and generate income – the metropolis can be a net exporter of nutrient. Conclusion Global heating has blessed the universe with a batch to chew over upon. With effects runing from nutrient deficit to natural calamities. extenuation should non be a inquiry of whether. but how and when. Coupled with this is the demand for newer energy beginnings. to cut down the globe’s dependence on fossil fuels. With conjunct attempts and due diligence. the jobs that these two factors portend can be contained to an extent.

I propose an experiment with an eco metropolis built on a waterfront as a agency of analyzing how human existences can follow a top down attack to turn toing these pressing issues. I believe the additions to be made will non merely be environmental but economic every bit good. Works Cited Associated imperativeness. June twentieth 2007. Fossil fuels Tycoon plans largest wind farm- green machines- MSNBC. com. Retrieved 12th Feb 2009. . hypertext transfer protocol: //www. msnbc. msn. com/id/19231397 Auken. B. V. 15th April 2008. Amid mounting nutrient crisis. authoritiess fear revolution of the hungry. Retrieved 11th Sep. 2008. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. west southwest. org/articles/2008/apr2008/food-a15. shtml

The British Council ( no day of the month ) . Effectss of Global Warming: Social Impact-Climate Change. Retrieved 12th Feb 2009. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. britishcouncil. org/climatechange-fact-sheets-global-warming-social-impact. htm Green Africa Foundation. 2008. Retrieved 12th Feb 2009. hypertext transfer protocol: //greenafricafoundation. org Guggenheim D. Gore Albert. 2006. An Inconvenient Truth ( Film ) Organic Trade Association ( 2008 ) . NOSB Definition of Organic. Retrieved 12th Feb 2009. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. ota. com/standards/nosb/definition. hypertext markup language United States Environmental Protection Agency. Heat Island Effect. Retrieved 12th Feb 2009. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. Environmental Protection Agency. gov/heatisland/