I. INTEGRATED SCIENCE ( Interaction: Environment and being )

II. COURSE Paper: CASE STUDY

Bacteria constitute a big sphere of procaryotic micro-organisms. Typically a few micrometres in length. bacteriums have a broad scope of forms. runing from domains to rods and spirals. Bacterias were among the first life signifiers to look onEarth. and are present in most home grounds on the planet. turning in dirt. H2O. acidic hot springs. radioactive waste. and deep in the Earth’s crust. every bit good as in organic affair and the unrecorded organic structures of workss and animate beings. supplying outstanding illustrations of symbiosis in the digestive piece of lands of worlds. white ants and cockroaches. On February 6. 2013. scientists reported that bacteriums were found life in the cold and dark in a lake buried a half-mile deep under the ice in Antarctica. There are typically 40 million bacterial cells in a gm of dirt and a million bacterial cells in a milliliter of fresh H2O ; in all. there are about five nonillion ( 5?1030 ) bacterium on Earth. organizing a biomass that exceeds that of all workss and animate beings.

Bacterias are critical in recycling foods. with many stairss in alimentary rhythms depending on these beings. such as the arrested development of N from the atmosphere andputrefaction. In the biological communities environing hydrothermal blowholes and cold seeps. bacteriums provide the foods needed to prolong life by change overing dissolved compounds such as H sulfide and methane. Most bacteriums have non been characterised. and merely about half of the phyla of bacteriums have species that can be grown in the research lab. The survey of bacteriums is known as bacteriology. a subdivision ofmicrobiology. Most bacteria secrete a covering for themselves which we call a cell wall. However. bacterial cell walls are a wholly different thing than the cell walls we talk about workss holding. Bacterial cell walls do NOT incorporate cellulose like works cell walls do. Bacterial cell walls are made largely of a chemical called peptidoglycan ( made of polypeptides bonded to modified sugars ) . but the sum and location of the peptidoglycan are different in the two possible types of cell walls. depending on the species of bacteria.

Some antibiotics. like penicillin. suppress the formation of the chemical cross linkages needed to do peptidoglycan. These antibiotics don’t outright kill the bacterium. but merely halt them from being able to do more cell wall so they can turn. That’s why antibiotics must typically be taken for 10 yearss until the bacteriums. unable to turn. dice of “old age” . If a individual stops taking the antibiotic Oklahoman. any life bacteriums could get down doing peptidoglycan. grow. and reproduce. Bacteria were the most outstanding animals in the early phases of life’s history about 4000 million old ages until 600 million old ages ago. Dodos called stromatolites can still be found and were made by Cyanobacteria.

III. SOURCE/REFERENCES

* hypertext transfer protocol: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Bacteria
* hypertext transfer protocol: //biology. clc. uc. edu/courses/bio106/bacteria. htm
* hypertext transfer protocol: //bacteriamuseum. org/cms/Bacteria/what-are-bacteria. hypertext markup language * hypertext transfer protocol: //www. microscopy-uk. org. uk/mag/indexmag. hypertext markup language? hypertext transfer protocol: //www. microscopy-uk. org. uk/mag/wimsmall/bacdr. hypertext markup language * hypertext transfer protocol: //www. microscopy-uk. org. uk/mag/indexmag. hypertext markup language? hypertext transfer protocol: //www. microscopy-uk. org. uk/mag/wimsmall/bacdr. hypertext markup language

IV. CONTENT
A. Brief PRESENTATION OF THE CASE

Endogenous endophthalmitis is a potentially blazing optic infection ensuing from hematogenous spread from a distant primary beginning. The status is comparatively rare but may go more common as the figure of inveterate debilitated patients and the usage of invasive processs increase. Many etiologic beings ( Gram-positive. Gram-negative and fungous ) have been reported to do endogenous endophthalmitis. Hazard factors are good defined and include most grounds for immune suppression. A high clinical intuition is needed for early diagnosing and intervention. Early on endovenous antibiotic therapy remains the basis of intervention. The functions of intravitreal antibiotics and vitrectomy are germinating and may go more widely accepted as curative modes.

The writers report a instance of endogenous endophthalmitis and supply a brief reappraisal of the literature. Endogenous endophthalmitis is defined as an intraocular infection ensuing from hematogenous bacterial spread. It is comparatively rare. accounting for 2 to 8 per centum of all instances of endophthalmitis. and is associated with immunocompromised provinces. enfeebling diseases and invasive processs. 1 Because of the rapid progress of medical engineering. a longer life span of patients with chronic diseases and a lifting prevalence of long-run endovenous entree. the disease may go more common in clinical pattern. It is of import that the household doctor be cognizant of endogenous endophthalmitis because early diagnosing and prompt aggressive intervention are imperative if vision loss is to be avoided.

B. POINT OF VIEW

Banana bacterial ( Xanthomonas ) wilt. foremost detected in Uganda in 2001. has since spread quickly. Approximately one tierce of Uganda’s banana turning land is now affected by the disease. which renders fruit uneatable and finally kills the works. The Ugandan authorities has been praised for its promptitude in trying to command the spread. but despite these attempts. and the encouraging success of control in some countries. the hazard of farther spread. both within and beyond Uganda. remains. Strengthening and polishing the control attempt is now clearly indispensable. but how should this be done. where are the research precedences. and what action should be taken by Uganda’s neighbors? In July this twelvemonth an adept audience of senior stakeholders from policy. research and disease control. was convened at the UK’s Central Science Laboratory near York. They offered New Agriculturist their points of position on the current position of the disease and the ways frontward for control.