Abstraction
Job satisfaction consists of a feeling of wellbeing. ensuing from the interaction of several occupational facets. and may act upon the worker’s relationship with the organisation. clients and household. Hence. it becomes of import for the quality of nursing attention to reflect on this subject in deepness. Therefore. this survey aimed to analyze the scientific grounds related to occupation satisfaction in Brazilian nursing. An integrative literature reappraisal was carried out in the databases LILACS. MEDLINE. BDENF and Cochrane Library. numbering 17 publications. categorized in: Job Satisfaction. Job Dissatisfaction and Associated Factors. It was concluded that occupation satisfaction is determined by a complex web of factors and may change depending on the group studied. Additional research. peculiarly of grounds degree III in different nursing Fieldss. covering all of Brazil. is necessary to back up the execution of occupational betterments. Forms: Nursing ; Evidence-Based Nursing ; Job Satisfaction. Introduction

Job satisfaction is a complex and subjective phenomenon. whose definition varies harmonizing to the adopted theoretical model. Different writers conceptualize it as a pleasant emotional province. ensuing from multiple facets of work. It can be influenced by individuals’ worldviews. aspirations. unhappiness and joy. therefore impacting their attitude towards themselves. household and organisation ( 1-4 ) . Job satisfaction most commonly influences productiveness. public presentation. absenteeism. turnover. organisational citizenship. wellness and well-being. satisfaction with life and client satisfaction. Therefore. it has turned into a beginning of organisational concerns. besides in wellness. which presents. on the one manus. satisfaction with the alleviation of other people’s agony and. on the other. dissatisfaction with the work overload and its unstable conditions. taking to physical and mental exhaustion. low self-esteem and loss of involvement in clients’ comfort. triping behaviours that range from heed to rejoice. velocity and efficiency to crossness. disinterest. bad temper and indelicacy ( 5 ) .

In that context. research on occupation satisfaction of nursing staff can lend to place jobs in wellness services. program possible solutions and attendant betterments in the work environment and in the quality of attention bringing. Therefore. this survey aimed to analyse available scientific grounds on occupation satisfaction in Brazilian nursing ; to depict the designation informations of the publications under analysis. association and type of diary ; to measure the methodological features of the analyzed surveies. sorting them harmonizing to grounds degree ( 6 ) and to depict occupation satisfaction of nursing staff in Brazil. harmonizing to the investigated publications.

Methodological process
To carry through this survey. the integrative literature reappraisal was chosen. based on the work of Ganong ( 7 ) . Broome ( 8 ) and Whittemore and Knalf ( 9 ) . This specific reappraisal method permits the inclusion of different research designs ( experimental. quasi-experimental and non-experimental ) . screens theoretical and empirical literature ( 9 ) and comprises six stages: designation of the job or enquiry. constitution of article inclusion/exclusion standards ( sample choice ) . definition of information to be withdrawn from the selected documents. information analysis. consequence reading and presentation of the reappraisal. To steer this integrative reappraisal. the undermentioned inquiry was formulated: what scientific grounds exists on occupation satisfaction of nursing staff in Brazil between 2000 and 2009? The article hunt covered the databases: Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature ( LILACS ) ; Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System ( MEDLINE ) . Nursing Database ( BDENF ) and the Cochrane Library. utilizing the undermentioned wellness scientific discipline forms: satisfacao no emprego. enfermeiros. enfermeiras. auxiliares de enfermagem. pessoal de saude. equipe de enfermagem. recursos humanos de enfermagem. O levantamento das publicacoes nas bases de dados ocorreu. concomitantemente. entre os Maines de outubro e dezembro de 2009.

No portal district attorney Biblioteca Cochrane foram localizadas 45 revisoes sistematicas. porem nenhuma preencheu os criterios de inclusao preestabelecidos. The undermentioned inclusion standards were established for this integrative reappraisal: documents whose full version was available online and addressed occupation satisfaction in the work of Brazilian nurses. nursing technicians and/or aides ; documents published in Portuguese. Spanish and English. between January 2000 and December 2009. sing occupation satisfaction of nursing staff in Brazil. Data analysis and synthesis took topographic point after interlingual rendition and thorough reading of the documents.

The extracted informations were transcribed to the instrument proposed and validated by Ursi ( 10 ) . which permitted detailing each survey. Documents were organized in Microsoft Excel 2007 worksheets in increasing numerical order. harmonizing to the publication twelvemonth and research rubric. Consequences were presented descriptively in three stages. The first involved the description of the publications’ designation informations ( writers. twelvemonth ) . the State and establishment the writers were affiliated with and the scientific diary type chosen to circulate the consequences. In the 2nd. the studies’ methodological features were assessed and classified harmonizing to the research design and grounds degree. proposed by Stetler et Al. ( 6 ) . And. in the 3rd stage. occupation satisfaction of nursing staff in Brazil was described. Therefore. consequences were grouped in three classs: satisfaction at work. dissatisfaction at work and associated factors.

Consequences
The sample for this integrative reappraisal comprised 17 documents ( Table 1 ) . 04 ( 23. 5 % ) of which were merely found in LILACS. 04 ( 23. 5 % ) merely in MEDLINE. 02 ( 11. 8 % ) in LILACS and MEDLINE. 06 ( 35. 3 % ) in LILACS and BDENF and 01 ( 5. 9 % ) in all three databases. All documents found in BDENF were besides found in LILACS. Figure 1

Research development preponderantly occurred in the Southeast. with 07 ( 46. 5 % ) surveies in Sao Paulo province and 01 ( 6. 7 % ) in Rio de Janeiro. followed by the South. with 03 ( 20 % ) surveies in Parana and 01 ( 6. 7 % ) in Rio Grande do Sul. and the Central-West and Northeast with 01 ( 6. 7 % ) survey each. carried out in the Federal District and Sergipe. Sing association. 03 surveies were carried out at Mental Health Services. 02 at Emergency Units of General Hospitals. 02 at Intensive Care Units of University Hospitals and 02 at General infirmaries. Surveies were besides accomplished at: Surgical Center and Material and Sterilization Central. Hematology Unit. Primary Family Health Unit. Universities and Health Centers. As for publication. 15 documents ( 88. 2 % ) were located in Brazilian and 02 ( 11. 8 % ) in foreign diaries. Sing the type of diary. 14 surveies were published in general nursing. 02 in general wellness and 01 in medical specialty ( psychopathology ) . Lusitanian linguistic communication predominated in 14 publications and English in 03. Refering the research design. 06 ( 35. 2 % ) descriptive. 04 ( 23. 5 % ) correlational. 03 qualitative surveies ( 17. 7 % ) . 01 ( 5. 9 % ) survey with a exclusive pre and post-test group. 01 ( 5. 9 % ) experience study. 01 ( 5. 9 % ) literature reappraisal. 01 ( 5. 9 % ) expert sentiment.

Thirteen ( 76. 4 % ) publications presented grounds degree IV. 02 ( 11. 8 % ) degree VI and 01 ( 5. 9 % ) degree III. bespeaking that the grounds degree of publications inserted in this integrative reappraisal is weak. It should be explained that. although the writers themselves defined one of the surveies under analysis ( analyze 14 ) as qualitative-quantitative. the qualitative design stood out. which is why the survey was classified in that group. Literature reviews. except for meta-analyses of multiple controlled surveies. are non inserted in the ranking of grounds degrees ( 6 ) . Therefore. the literature reappraisal included in this survey was non classified. As for the instruments used to mensurate occupation satisfaction. 07 surveies applied instruments the writers themselves developed. including unfastened and closed inquiries. 03 applied the Index of Job Satisfaction ( IJS ) questionnaire. 02 applied the Team Satisfaction Assessment Scale in Mental Health Services ( SATIS-BR ) and 01 applied the Job Satisfaction Measurement Questionnaire ( JSMQ ) .

Two surveies assessed the nursing team’s occupation satisfaction from different focal point: the first through nurses’ attitudes towards intoxicant and alcohol addiction. utilizing The Seaman Mannello Nurse’s attitudes toward intoxicant and alcohol addiction Scale. and the 2nd through the emphasis variable. utilizing the Nursing Stress Inventory. Constructive Thinking Inventory. Occupational Stress Indicator. Sing the professional class analyzed. 08 ( 53. 3 % ) surveies merely involved nurses. 03 ( 20 % ) nurses and aides. 02 ( 13. 3 % ) mental wellness service professionals. 01 ( 6. 7 % ) nurses. nursing technicians and aides and 01 ( 6. 7 % ) nursing aides. dental aides. dental sawboness. nurses and doctors. To heighten the apprehension of nursing teams’ occupation satisfaction in Brazil. the consequences of the documents included in this integrative reappraisal were joined in three subject classs. which were: occupation satisfaction ( 04 documents ) . occupation dissatisfaction ( 05 documents ) and associated factors ( 08 documents ) . These classs will be discussed separately farther in front.

Job satisfaction
Four out of 17 surveies under appraisal reported that the nursing squad was satisfied at work but. although squad members referred satisfaction. they mentioned a scope of troubles. In surveies 01 and 14. the followers were appointed: deficiency of integrating among team members. work overload. low rewards and professional devaluation ( 11-12 ) . Besides in survey 01. other factors were mentioned: deficiency of and/or deficient stuff and equipment. criterions and modus operandis beyond service world. deficiency of inducement. deficiency of interaction with other units. small stimulation for work. deficiency of communicating with the population sing cognition and existent demands to utilize exigency attention. And. with regard to group work troubles. the nurses referred to professional committedness. carelessness. services’ adjustment and disorganisation. work legerity and cognition ( 11 ) . In the same survey. nevertheless. it was reported that these restrictions exerted small influence on satisfaction degrees. as these professionals liked what they did and found that adequate to experience satisfied.

The same consequence was found in surveies 07 and 14 ( 11-12 ) . In survey 14. the followers were appointed as satisfaction factors: inclusion in an advanced proposal. contact with different worlds. exchange of fondness. kindness. feeling of assurance and gratitude by users ( 12 ) . In survey 07. nurses who attended terminal patients reported their occupation satisfaction through equal attention. hope. religious religion. credence of the world of at hand decease ( 13 ) . In surveies 04 and 14. distinguished occupation satisfaction degrees were found between nurses and nursing aides and technicians. to the extent that. in the same survey. the nurses mentioned dissatisfaction and the aides satisfaction ( analyze 14 ) ( 12. 14 ) . It should be explained that the four surveies shared methodological defects. which were: they did non stipulate the sample inclusion and exclusion standards. nor how it was calculated and selected ; the surveies superficially described informations intervention and used instruments without proof studies. Sing recommendations to better occupation satisfaction. the surveies suggested investing in professional preparation and satisfaction monitoring. with a position to workers’ wellbeing ( 11-14 ) . Job dissatisfaction

Surveies 03. 05. 09. 10 and 13 evidenced that. in Brazil. the nursing squad was dissatisfied at work. Analyze 03 investigated the nursing team’s occupation satisfaction through the Index of Job Satisfaction ( IJS ) questionnaire. in three stages: pre-intervention. intercession and post-intervention. Wage was appointed as the point the nurses were most satisfied with. showing that. despite ailments on low rewards. this constituent is non the chief cause of dissatisfaction. as opposed to work requisitest and professional position. which received the lowest tonss. including among nursing aides. It is highlighted that satisfaction with organisational criterions increased in the post-intervention stage through the amplification of the Nursing Manual ( 15 ) . After careful analysis. it was observed that survey 05. from the same writer as survey 03. studies on the latter’s pre-intervention stage ( 16 ) . Study 10 assessed nursing professionals’ quality of life at work ( QLW ) from a occupation satisfaction position. besides utilizing the Index of Job Satisfaction ( IJS ) questionnaire. As opposed to analyze 3. the IJS constituents that were considered the beginnings of greater satisfaction in survey 10 were professional position. liberty and interaction. while the constituents with the lowest satisfaction degrees were work necessities. organisational criterions and wage ( 17 ) .

Study 09 looked at general infirmary nurses’ attitudes in footings of personal and professional satisfaction in work with alcoholic patients. Subscale II of The Seaman Mannello Nurse’s attitudes toward intoxicant and alcohol addiction Scale was used. The average mark found was 17. 03. which is considered low. bespeaking feelings of dissatisfaction and nurses’ uncomfortableness in working with alkies ( 18 ) . Study 13 assessed occupation satisfaction of psychiatric nurses. and found that 72 % were satisfied. but mentioned other employment purposes. attesting dissatisfaction with institutional policies.

The longer the clip of work. the greater the occupation dissatisfaction among these nurses ( 19 ) . Sing the identified methodological defects. in survey 13. deficiency of lucidity was observed with respect to the theoretical-methodological model adopted for informations analysis and. in surveies 03. 05. 09 and 10. absence of sample inclusion and exclusion standards description. As for recommendations. the surveies indicated the constitution. airing and conformity with institutional Torahs and criterions. with outstanding flexibleness in the direction system. and farther research on nursing occupation satisfaction with a position to bettering services and professional quality. amplification of other surveies on nursing workers’ quality of life. utilizing different appraisal focal point and the new psychiatric nursing paradigm. based on originative actions and scientifically founded intercessions ( 15-19 ) . Associated factors

This class includes the documents that assessed the association between occupation satisfaction and sociodemographic variables or described their influence on pattern and research. Thus. in survey 11. the interaction between Maslow’s Theory of Human Needs and nursing pattern features is investigated. every bit good as its importance for professional development ( 20 ) . Independently from but in add-on to analyze 11. survey 08 used Maslow’s Theory in concrete and peculiar Nursing squad state of affairss. back uping a deeper apprehension of what moves squad members in different infirmary contexts. The consequences demonstrated that nursing does non prioritise demands for endurance as. although disgruntled with wage. nurses’ nutrient. lodging and vesture demands are attended to. On the other manus. unequal work conditions most affect the demand for safety. accordingly impacting the demand for self-accomplishment. due to the deficiency of solution for clients’ jobs and their ain attention quality demands ( 21 ) .

In survey 06. occupation satisfaction showed a normal distribution. The analysis of CTI ( Constructive Thinking Inventory ) dimensions appointed that ( physical and psychological ) wellness and occupation satisfaction differ among nurse directors and other nurses. as the former depend more on emotional and the latter on behavioural header ( 22 ) . In survey 12. satisfaction at work was assessed through the Job Satisfaction Measurement Questionnaire ( JSMQ ) . affecting nurses from a infirmary exigency unit. The average tonss for general satisfaction ( 4. 7 ) . company location ( 4. 3 ) . physical and psychological exhaustion ( 5. 1 ) indicated satisfaction with those features. On the other manus. map position ( 3. 9 ) . compensatory benefits ( 3. 5 ) . professional development ( 3. 3 ) and recognition ( 2. 4 ) indicated professional dissatisfaction ( 23 ) . As for the factors associated with occupation satisfaction. surveies 15 and 16 found important differences in satisfaction tonss harmonizing to the instruction degree. so that. the higher the instruction degree. the lower the satisfaction degree ( 24-25 ) . In survey 16. no differences in occupation satisfaction were observed in footings of gender and matrimonial position ( 25 ) .

In survey 06. nevertheless. work forces showed significantly higher occupation satisfaction degrees. less psychological wellness jobs and significantly lower physical wellness job rates ( 22 ) . As for matrimonial position. analyze 12 observed that professionals populating together ( married and with a fixed spouse ) are less satisfaction with their map position than professionals without a spouse ( 23 ) . Service clip in survey 16 showed to heighten occupation satisfaction. as opposed to analyze 12. in which longer service clip corresponded to take down professional satisfaction ( 23. 25 ) . In survey 02. it was observed that teamwork leads to satisfaction. as it involves experience exchange. participatory planning and shared determinations. This differs from the functional method. which arouses workers’ dissatisfaction with impersonal dealingss. undertaking atomization and determination centralisation ( 26 ) . In survey 17. the consequences indicated that the term QWL was closely related with occupation satisfaction. that the most used instrument was the IJS and that topics were preponderantly nurses ( 27 ) .

The documents presented in this class besides demonstrated methodological spreads. which were: did non sketch inclusion/exclusion standards ( surveies 06. 08. 12. 15. 16 ) and sample computations ( 06. 08. 15. 16 ) . Study 08 did non discourse the psychometric proof of the informations aggregation instrument. In survey 02. the nomenclature used was insufficiently clear. as no constructs were presented for the footings occupation satisfaction and personal satisfaction at work. Analyze 11 gave no practical illustrations to explicate the integrating of the Theory of Basic Human Needs in day-to-day nursing work. As for recommendations. the surveies suggested set uping systematic service appraisal mechanisms. with a position to airting attention and bettering occupation satisfaction. new administrative attacks for nurses. affecting greater flexibleness. thought sharing. joint determination devising and more humanized worker rating. acceptance of a coping manner. suppressing recognition based on competence. politization. organisation of the class and achievement of high-quality work ( 21-22. 24-26 ) .

Discussion
Job satisfaction refers to workers’ subjective appraisal of the extent to which occupation facets can be harmful or good to their well-being. This appraisal is dynamic. that is. the province of satisfaction or dissatisfaction can alter harmonizing to the general work conditions offered. Multiple factors influence the triggering of occupation satisfaction. In line with the present research consequences. it was found that greater occupation satisfaction of the nursing squad involves being able to assist people as. when presenting attention. workers feel utile and stimulated by what they accomplish ( 5 ) . Other factors can besides elicit occupation satisfaction. such as: personal achievement. acknowledgment. work itself and duty ( 2 ) . In the surveies under analysis. different factors of occupation dissatisfaction were appointed. It is known that occupation satisfaction can heighten the feeling of emotional exhaustion ( 28 ) and. when this happens. workers perceive their activities as tiresome. unpleasant. insistent and more onerous. doing defeat and disheartenment ( 29 ) .

The effects of dissatisfaction besides affect organisations. through high rates of turnover. absenteeism and intervention in productiveness. taking to a loss of good employees and extra disbursals due to new choices and enlisting ( 30 ) . In line with the findings of this integrative reappraisal. deficiency of work systemization. deficiency of societal recognition. small rating of the profession. rewards and work conditions were besides appointed as dissatisfaction factors in other surveies ( 2. 5. 31-35 ) . This shows that nursing professionals need to be valued and acknowledged for their work. In add-on. other surveies appoint institutional policies as a beginning of dissatisfaction and even revolt. that is: perpendicular direction of nursing coordination. system of benefits. proficient and personal supervising. conflicting dealingss at different hierarchal degrees. jobs in maps public presentation and deficiency of chance to move in countries professionals most identify themselves with can trip occupation dissatisfaction ( 2. 28. 31. 34 ) .

Service clip served as a stimulation every bit good as an inhibitor of occupation satisfaction. Similarly. other surveies have evidenced this negative association between service clip and occupation satisfaction ( 19. 36 ) . These features can do distancing of clients and troubles in interpersonal dealingss. with attitudes opposed to alterations and non-performance of work. due to miss of apprehension of its significance ( 5. 28 ) . It is highlighted that. despite all of these negative consequences sing work facets. occupation committedness still exists among wellness professionals. including nursing. even among the most disgruntled 1s ( 37 ) . In this integrative reappraisal. 13 documents were found with grounds degree IV. 02 with grounds degree VI. 01 with grounds degree III and 01 literature reappraisal.

Merely surveies showing grounds degrees I and II ( meta-analysis and randomized controlled clinical test ) offer recommendations for behaviors that should ever be used ( 6 ) . Job satisfaction. nevertheless. is a qualitative variable that involves phenomena that are difficult to command. as these are single features. such as feelings and personality. Thus. farther grounds level-III surveies are suggested. developed in different nursing activity countries. as the lone survey found in this reappraisal reported on a sector with curious features ( ICU ) . It should besides be highlighted that. due to Brazil’s cultural and socioeconomic heterogeneousness. surveies in all Brazilian parts are needed to obtain the national perceptual experience on the subject. In add-on. utilizing unvarying methods is cardinal to ease the analysis and comparing of consequences.

Concluding considerations
In entire. 17 surveies were analyzed. 13 of which presented grounds degree IV. 02 degree VI and 01 degree III. preponderantly accomplished at Mental Health Services. Emergency Units. Intensive Care Units and General Hospitals. Sing publication. 15 documents were located in Brazilian and 02 in foreign diaries. attesting the demand for research with stronger grounds degrees. unvarying methods and broader airing agencies. In this integrative reappraisal. the undermentioned occupation satisfaction factors were described: wishing what you do. interpolation in an advanced proposal. recognition for work performed. quality of attention bringing. religious support and relationship at work. On the antonym. the undermentioned occupation dissatisfaction factors were mentioned: deficiency of integrating among team members. work overload. low rewards. professional devaluation. deficiency of and/or deficient stuff and equipment. criterions and modus operandis beyond service world. deficiency of inducements. deficiency of interaction with other units. small stimulation for work. deficiency of communicating with the population sing cognition and true demands to utilize the exigency attention service. deficiency of professional committedness among co-workers. service disorganisation.

As for associated factors. occupation satisfaction differences were mentioned in footings of gender. matrimonial position. instruction and service clip. although inconclusively. as instruments. samples and informations intervention were really diversified among the surveies. In position of the surveies analyzed in this integrative reappraisal and in add-on to old recommendations. the following are suggested: people-oriented direction ; nursing squad rating through duologue. recognition. regard. inducement. stimulation ; uninterrupted instruction plans concentrating on personal and professional development ; effectual internal communicating system ; calling. map and pay programs ; inclusion of nursing workers in the decision-making procedure ; heightening betterments in work conditions. forums on occupation satisfaction ( Congresss. meetings ) . amplification of surveies with strong grounds degrees to back up proposals for alterations and nursing actions. easing mechanisms that permit workers’ engagement in professional preparation classs.