Laser Essay, Research Paper

The Laser

Before we can larn about the optical maser we need to cognize a small spot about

visible radiation ( since that is what a optical maser is made of ) . Light from our Sun, or from an

electric bulb, is called white visible radiation. It is truly a mixture of all the different

colorss of visible radiation. The colors scope from violet, anil, and blue, to green,

yellow, orange, and ruddy. These make up the seeable portion of the

electromagnetic spectrum. Light is made up of atoms, called PHOTONS,

which travel in moving ridges. The difference in the coloring material depends on the

wavelength of the visible radiation. Violet visible radiation has the shortest wavelength while red has

the longest. There are other parts of the electromagnetic spectrum which

includes infra-red, radio detection and ranging, telecasting wireless and micro- moving ridges ( past red on the

spectrum ) , and on the other terminal of the spectrum are the other unseeable

radiations, ultra- violet, X rays, micro moving ridges and gamma beams. The

wavelength of the visible radiation is of import to the topic of the optical maser. A optical maser is made

up of COHERENT visible radiation, a particular sort of visible radiation in which the wavelengths of

the visible radiation are all the same length, and the crests of these moving ridges are all lined up,

or in PHASE. The word Laser is an acronym for Light Amplification by

Stimulated Emission of Radiation. What does that intend? Basically a optical maser is a

device which produces and so amplifies light moving ridges and concentrates them

into an intense penetrating beam.

The rules of the optical maser ( and it & # 8217 ; s cousin the maser ) were established

long before these devices were successfully developed. In 1916 Albert

Einstein proposed stimulated emanation, and other cardinal thoughts were

discussed by V.A. Fabrikant in 1940. These thoughts, followed by decennaries of

intensive development of microwave engineering set the phase for the first

maser ( a optical maser made up of micro-waves ) , and this in bend helped to bring forth

more progresss in this country of scientific discipline. These attempts cumulated in July 1960

when Theodore H. Maiman announced the coevals of a pulsation of coherent

ruddy visible radiation by agencies of a ruby crystal & # 8211 ; the first optical maser.

Laser visible radiation is produced by pumping some signifier of energy, such as visible radiation,

from a flash tubing ( see below ) into a LASING stuff, besides known as a

medium. Media can be liquids, solids, gases, or a mixture of gases, such as

the common helium-neon optical maser ( see chart ) . Each medium produces a optical maser

with a different wavelength and hence each medium produces different

coloured visible radiation. When the energy, in this instance photons ( light atoms ) enter

the medium they smash into the atoms of the medium. The atom so releases

another photon of a specific wavelength. When a loose photon hits an atom

that hasn & # 8217 ; t emitted it & # 8217 ; s excess photon, both photons are released. That is called

stimulated emanation of radiation. A individual flash from a flash lamp emits

one million millions of braces of photons into the medium. The photons are so released as

cohe

rent visible radiation.

The first optical maser, a ruby optical maser, was made up of several chief constituents.

It had a brassy tubing coiled around a cardinal rod of man-made pink ruby. In this

instance the ruby is the medium. A quartz tubing was located merely underneath the

ruby rod. A trigger electrode was connected to the vitreous silica tubing. All of this was

enclosed in a polished aluminium shell. This was cooled by a forced air

supply.

This design was thought to be good plenty but subsequently an optical

resonating chamber was added to airt visible radiation in the right way which increased

optical maser public presentation. The optical resonating chamber was a mirror at one terminal of the optical maser

to airt light back into the optical maser and a partly brooding optical maser which lets

some coherent light through.

Today there are many types of optical masers which include solid province optical masers,

which have a solid media. The most common of this is a rod of ruby crystals

and neodymium-doped spectacless and crystals. These offer the highest energy

end product of all optical masers. Another optical maser type is the gas optical maser, which can be made of

a pure gas or a mixture of gases or even a gasified metal in a quartz tubing.

The helium-neon optical maser has hight frequence stableness and Carbon Dioxide

optical masers are the most efficient and powerful uninterrupted moving ridge optical masers. The most

compact type of optical maser is the Semiconductor optical maser, made from beds of sem

i-conducting stuffs. Since these can run by direct application of electrical

current these have many utilizations, such as Cadmium participants and optical maser pressmans. Liquid

optical masers are normally made with a man-made dye. Their frequence can be adjusted

by a prism inside the optical maser pit. An negatron optical maser is a optical maser which uses free

negatrons pumped to lasing capableness by magnets. These are powerful

research instruments because they are tunable and a little figure could

cover the full spectrum from infrared to x beams. They should be able to

bring forth ver high power optical masers now excessively expensive to bring forth.

As mentioned before, the optical maser has many applications in the scientific

community and in our day-to-day lives. In medical specialty they can be used to painlessly

cut and reseal variety meats or taking tumors, every bit good as decorative surgery.

Holography is a fun portion of the optical maser engineering because optical masers are what

creates the holographic images. Microscopic objects can be made into 3D

images utilizing ten beam optical masers. The information applications of the optical masers are for

reading and composing informations to CD & # 8217 ; s. They are used to do high capacity sound

and picture recording and playback ( music CD & # 8217 ; s and optical maser disc participants ) . The

armed forcess of the universe usage optical masers for many things including tracking enemy

motions and as anti-satellite and ballistic missile defense mechanism arms.

Some people might state that the optical maser is one of the most of import

progresss in human engineering of all time, and some might non, but it is decidedly

one of the most of import progresss in the 20th century.

& # 8212 ; & # 8212 ; & # 8212 ; & # 8212 ; & # 8212 ; & # 8212 ; & # 8212 ; & # 8212 ; & # 8212 ; & # 8212 ; & # 8212 ; & # 8212 ; & # 8212 ; & # 8212 ; & # 8212 ; & # 8212 ; & # 8212 ; & # 8212 ; & # 8212 ; & # 8212 ; & # 8211 ;