Abstraction

Numerous behavioural and trait personality theories were designed to explicate the differences between people. It will be utile to reconsider the theoretical commissariats of Freud. Ellis. Bandura. and Rogers to explicate evident personality differences based on civilization. age. and gender.

Introduction

Obviously. personality traits and properties are inherently different. Yet. while the bulk of personality theories were aimed at explicating the interior psychological alterations within the personality construction. how would these theories explain the evident differences in footings of age. civilization and gender?

In his theory of personality. Sigmund Freud was stressing the importance of gender. and therefore ab initio paid particular attending to gender. However. it appears that his suggestions are every bit applicable to explicating the age and cultural personality differences. Having divided the personality construction into the three built-in elements ( Idaho. self-importance. and superego ) . Freud believed that the declaration of the struggle between these three elements occurred with the aid of defence mechanisms and anxiousness ( Caspi. 2003 ) . This is where his theoretical commissariats become utile in analyzing gender. age and cultural differences. Through the prism of Freudian theory. the strength and unity of personality defence mechanisms is determined by legion factors. As a consequence age. gender and cultural personality differences will be constantly connected to the differences in personality defence mechanisms. It is clear. that personality defence mechanisms depend on external conditions ( civilization ) . personality features ( gender ) and altering experience ( age ) . This is why the defence mechanism in Freudian position is the finding characteristic when it comes to measuring other personality differences.

Having mentioned personality experience in the old treatment. it is hard to exclude this facet in other personality theories. Experience in Albert Ellis’ surveies is the built-in component of his personality theory ( Wiggins. 2000 ) . Experience is the triping point of the personality neurotic symptoms and negative emotions. Ellis’ theory allows discoursing cultural. age and gender personality differences stressing the self-defeating and irrational beliefs of the individual. These beliefs are the intermediary phases between the triping experience and the negative emotions. and these beliefs differ under the impact of cultural environment. age. and gender. The discussed gender and cultural disparities look otherwise in Ellis’ theory: he ab initio avoids presuming that human beliefs and the beliefs of the society are in struggle ( Caspi. 2003 ) . Ellis is closer to propose that these two facets are reciprocally back uping. This is why evident personality differences are viewed through the prism of Ellis’ theoretical commissariats. It is easy to explicate evident personality differences through the beliefs and experiences created by external social conditions. These beliefs will differ across ages. genders. and civilizations. and will non belie to. but will back up the personality’s ego ( Wiggins. 2000 ) .

Albert Bandura’s theory can be used to detect cultural and age ( gender ) personality differences through the prism of self-regulation mechanism. and the spiels of experimental acquisition. “Self-regulation – commanding our ain behaviour – is the other ‘workhorse’ of human personality” ( Wiggins. 2000 ) . The mechanisms of self-regulation besides depend on the personality age. gender. and cultural environment. Consequentially. self-regulation in Bandura’s theory is the finding features of personality differences. Judgment. as one of the phases of self-regulation. is connected with comparing ourselves to the external criterions. Obviously. these criterions are determined by multiple conditions. among which gender. age. and personality civilization prevail ( Wiggins. 2000 ) . This is why the self-regulation personality properties are integrally linked to personality differences in age. gender. and cultural models.

In his personality theory. Carl Rogers emphasized the importance of human experience. Experience can be related to age. gender and cultural personality differences ( Caspi. 2003 ) . As a consequence. the congruousness between the ego and the external experience is besides connected with evident personality differences ( age. and gender ) . The feelings of worth. which are produced as a consequence of personal congruousness with the external experiences. are besides promoted by the societal surrounding and societal criterions ( Wiggins. 2000 ) . These criterions are imposed upon the personality based on his age. gender. and civilization. This is why the interrelatedness between the ego and experience are the two determiners of personality differences associating to age. civilization. and gender.

Decision

Obviously. the four personality theoreticians emphasized different facets of personality construction in their plants. However. it is even more interesting to associate all four theories into one built-in survey of personality differences. Apparent personality differences ( age. gender. and civilization ) are better explained with the aid of several determiners. which can make the systematic survey of evident personality differences as based on the theories of Freud. Ellis. Bandura. and Rogers.

Mentions

Caspi. A. ( 2003 ) . Personality differences: measuring. development. and effects.

Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry.44 ( 1 ) . pp. 2-32.

Wiggins. N. H. ( 2000 ) . Implicit theories of personality: An single differences attack.

Multivariate Behavioral Research 30.pp. 220-244.