IN SUNNY SPAIN ( 1882-1885 )

* Rizal’s Secret Mission
To detect keenly the life. civilization. . linguistic communications and imposts and Torahs of the European states in order to fix himself in the mighty undertaking of emancipating his people.
– Djemnah with 50 riders on board

* Secret Departure for Spain
Paciano. uncle Antonio Rivera. his sisters ( Neneng and Lucia ) . The Valenzuela household. Pedro Paterno. Mateo Evangelista. Chengoy and the Jesuit priest

* May 3. 1882
– departed on board Salvadora
– 16 passengers- the lone Filipino on board with Spaniards. British. and Indian Negroes as felllow riders

* Singapore
– May 9 when Salvadora docked Singapore
– Registered at Hotel dela Paz
– Spent two yearss sightseeing: Botanic gardens. Buddhist temples. shopping territory and statue of Sir Thomas Raffles ( laminitis of Singapore )

* From Singapore to Colombo
– Djemnah – French soft-shell clam which left Singapore for Europe on May 11
– British. Gallic. Dutch. Spaniards. Malays. Thai and Filipinos ( Mr. & amp ; Mrs. Salazar. Vicente Pardo and Jose Rizal )
– French was largely spoken but Jose to his surprise and embarassment found that his book of French is unequal.
– May 17. Djemnah reached point Galle ( seacost of Ceylon ) “ Picturuesque but lonely and quiet and at the same clip sad”
-Colombo ( Capital of Ceylon )
“ Colombo is more beautiful. smart and elegant that Singapore. Point Galle
and Manila” * Africa
* “ Inhospitable land but famous”

* First Trip to Suez Canal
-From Aden the Djemnah proceeded to the Red Sea terminus
– it took the Djemnah five yearss to track through the Suez caal which was built by Ferdinand de Lesseps ( November 17. 1869 )
– Port Said – he was fascinated to hear the multi-racial dwellers talking a Babel of linguas.

* Barcelona
– May 15 go forthing Marseilles by train. eventually making his finish – Barcelona on June 16. 1882
-The greatest metropolis of Cataluna and Spain’s 2nd largest metropolis “ IT was ugly. with soiled small hostel and inhospitable residents” – “town’s most ugly side
-There is an ambiance of freedom and liberalism and the people were open-hearted. hospitable. and brave. -Las Ramblas – most celebrated street in Barcelona

* Amor Patrio ( Love of Country )
– chauvinistic essay under the pen-name Laong Laan and sent to Diariong Tagalog. Basilio Teodoro Moran. publishing house. * Los Viajes ( Travels ) and Revista de Madrid ( Review of Madrid ) * Manila Moves to Madrid

– Cholera epidemic devastation Manila and the states. ( Paciano’s missive dated september 15. 1882 )
– Unhappiness of Leonor Rivera. who was acquiring dilutant because of the absence of a loved 1s. ( Chengoy’s missive )
– Paciano adviced his younger brother ( dated May 26. 1882 ) to complete the medical class in Madrid.

* Life in Madrid
* Nov. 3 enrolled in the Universidad Central de Madrid in two classs – Medicine and Philosophy and Letters * Studied picture and sculpture in Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando – Took lessons in French. German and
English under private teachers

– Practiced fence and shot in the Hall of Arms Y Carbonell
– Visited art galleries and museums and read all topics under the Sun
– Led a Spartan life in Madrid – lived frugally. passing his money on nutrient. vesture. housing and books
– His lone extravagancy was puting a few pesetas for a lottery
– He spent his leisure clip reading and composing in his embarkation house. go toing reunions at the house of the Paterno brothers and practising fence and shot at the secondary school
– Summer dusks fraternized with the pupils
– Saturday evenings he visited the place of Don Pablo Ortiga

* Romance with Consuelo Ortiga Y Perez
* They Ask Me for Verses “Mi Piden Versos”
– personally declaimed during the New Year’s Eve response of the Circulo-Hispano Filipino * As Lover of Books
– purchased books from a second-hand bookshop owned by Senor Roses
-Uncle Tom’s Cabin and Wandering Jew – aroused his understanding for the laden and unfortunate people First Visit to Paris ( 1883 ) ”Costliest capital of Europe” * Purpose: To better his heads by detecting closely the Gallic manner of life and disbursement many hours in the museums. botanical gardens. libraries and art galleries. and the infirmaries. including Laennec Hospital. Dr. Nicaise. and the Larisboisiere Hospital. where he observed the scrutiny of different diseases of adult females

* Rizal as a Mason
– Rizal was impressed by manner the Spanish Masons openly and freely criticized the the authorities policies and lambasted the mendicants
– Acacia –March 1883
Reason: To procure freemasonry’s assistance in his battle against the mendicants in the Philippines. he intended to use Freemasonry as his shield to battle them
-Lodge Solidaridad- became a Master Mason – he was awarded as a Master Mason by Le Grant Orient de France in Paris
– “Science. Virtue and Labor” merely masonic composing delivered in 1889
– Graciano Lopez Jaena. Mariano Ponce and MH del Pilar

* Financial Worries
-Due to difficult times in Calamba the monthly allowances were late in reaching which cause much agony to him. * Paciano was forced to sell Jose’s pony in order to direct the money to Madrid. * Touching incident on June 24. 1884

* Salute to Luna and Hidalgo
– National Exposition of Fine Arts in Madrid
Juan Luna – Spolarium ( 1st Prize )
Felix Ressurection Hidalgo – Christian Virgins Exposed to the Populace ( 2nd )

* Rizal Involved in the Student Presentation
* “ Freedom of Science and Teacher”
Don Miguel Morayta – Professor of History – such broad position was condemned by the Catholic Bishops and quickly excommunicated Dr. Morayta and those who applauded the address. * Telling the disruptive rioting to his household in an unfastened missive dated November 26. 1884

* Studies Completed in Spain
* Was conferred the grade of Licentiate in Medicine by the University on June 21. 1884 * The following academic twelvemonth studied and passed all the topics taking to the grade of the Doctor of Medicine – nevertheless: 1. That he did non show the thesis required for graduation 2. Paid the corresponding fees

– he was non awarded the Doctor’s Diploma
* Besides finished his surveies in Philosophy and Letters with the evaluation of “Excellent” * HE did non trouble oneself to procure station alumnus grade – “I uncertainty if the Dominican male parents will name me in UST

Chapter 7
PARIS TO BERLIN ( 1885-87 )

* Barcelona
– stopped in Barcelona to see. Maximo Viola
– Befriended Eusebio Corominas – editor of La publicidad. Don Miguel Morayta ( proprietor )
– Article on the “Caroline’s Question”

* In Gay Paris November 1885 ( four months )
– Worked as an helper to Dr. Louis de Weckert. taking Gallic Opthalmologist
– Visited his friends: Tavera’s. Juan Luna. Felix R. Hidalgo. Paz Pardo de Tavera
– “ The Monkey and the Turtle” Paz album JPR drew a series of studies
– spent happy hours in Luna’s studio. improved his ain picture technique and sitting as theoretical account in several pictures:
1. The Death of Cleopatria
2. The Blood Compact

* Rizal as instrumentalist:
“I learned the solmization. the piano. the voice civilization in one and a half. If you could hear me sing. you would wish you were in Spain because my voice is like the braying of the asses” ( Letter to de Lete dated Nov. 27. 1878 )

– Flute – the lone instrument Rizal could play- Compositions:
1. Alin Mang Lahi
2. La Deportacion

* Visited Strasbourg ( capital of Alsace Lorraine ) February 1. 1886

* Historic Heidelberg ( Historic metropolis of Germany )
– Lived in a embarkation house with German jurisprudence pupils and made Rizal a member of the Chess Player’s Club – Transferred near the University where he worked as an helper to Dr. Otto Becker. German opthalmologists – Attended lectures of Dr. Becker and Prof. Wilhelm Kuehne

– Visited scenic musca volitanss around Heidelberg
– Observed that the German Catholics and Protestants practiced ecumenism or they lived together in harmoniousness and amity. -”To the Flowers of Heidelberg”
a all right verse form Rizal wrote on April 22. 1886

* With Pastor Ullmer at Wilhemlmsfeld
* Spent a three-month summer holiday in cragged small town near Heidelberg * Stayed in the parsonage of a sort Protestant curate Dr. Karl Ullmer with Etta and Fritz

* First Letter to Blumentritt
– Prof. Ferdinand Blumentritt. manager of the Ateneo of Leitmeritz Austria.
– with the missive he sent a book Arithmetica published in two linguistic communications – Spanish and Tagalog – by UST Press in 1868 by Rufino Baltazar Hernandez
– The prof in return send Rizal a gift of two books which marked the friendly relationship that lasted all their lives.

* Fifth Centenaryof Heidelberg University
* In Liepzig and Dresden ( two months & A ; half )
– August 14. 1886 arrived in Liepzig
-Attended talks at the University on history and psychological science
-befriended Prof. Friedrich Ratzel ( German Historian ) Dr. Hans Meyer ( German Anthropologist )
– Translated Schiller’s William Tell ( German-Tagalog )
– Hans Christian Andersen Fairy Tales
– Corrected some chapters of his novel
– Worked as proof-reader in a publisher’s house

* Dresden ( two yearss sojourn )
– met Dr. Adolph B. Meyer ( Dir. of the Anthroplogical and Ethnological Museum )
-heard the mass and which impresses him

* Rizal Welcomed in Berlin’s Scientific Circles
– Dr. Feodor Jagor ( German Scientist-traveler and author of Travels in the
Phillippines )
– Dr. Rudolf Virchow ( German anthropologist )
– Dr. Hans Virchow ( Prof. Descriptive Anatomy )
-Dr. W. Joest ( German Geographer )
– Dr. Karl Ernest Schweigger ( Famous Opthalmologist
– became a member of Anthropological. Ethnological and Geographical society ( 1st Asian to be accorded such awards )
– Tagalische Verkunst ( Tagalog Metrical Art ) a scholarly paper written and lectured by Rizal before the Ethnographic society of Berlin and subsequently was published by the society

* Reasons for remaining in Berlin:
1. To derive farther cognition in Ophthalmology
2. Further his surveies of scientific disciplines and linguistic communications
3. Detect the economic and political conditions of the German state
4. To tie in with celebrated German scientists
5. To print his novel Noli Me Tangere
– Led a methodical and economical life
-Worked as an helper to Dr. Schweigger and attended talks at dark in the University of Berlin
-Practiced speech production in German. Gallic and Italian
– Took private lessons in Gallic under Madam Lucie Cerdole
-Perform day-to-day exercisings in Berlin secondary school
– Tour the countryside detecting keenly the imposts. frocks. places and businesss of the provincials
– Enjoyed promenading along Unter lair Linden

* On the German Women
“She is non chatty. frivolous. and quarrelsome like the Spanish adult females. She is non peculiar about beautiful frocks and expensive jewellery. though she could dress nicely like any other adult female in the world” ( Letter to Trinidad dated March 11. 1886 )

“Now that you are still immature you should endeavor to read. read and larn. You must non let yourself to be conquered by laziness because it cost so
small to project it off” ( Advice to Trinidad )

* German Customss
– Christmas usage
– Self-introduction to stranger

* Rizal’s Darkest Winter
* The diamond ring was in the pawnbroker’s shop
* Could non pay his landlord
* Scrimp eating merely one repast a twenty-four hours
* Apparels are old and threadbare and washed them himself