Aidss In The United States In 2000 Essay, Research Paper
Three Effective Ways to Minimize the Spread of the AIDS
Virus to Every American in the United States in 2000
Since the first instance were identified in the United States in 1981, AIDS has
touched the lives of 1000000s of households. In about two decennaries, the jobs created by
AIDS has been dwelling in the United States. There are three jobs drastically
influence the people in the United States. First, AIDS makes the AIDS patients repelled
by the society and lost their households, friends, lovers, and work For case,
in Florida, Broward County parents packed school meetings and instructors
filed aclass action grudge stating a pupil? s presence endangered their
wellness. District functionaries determined that the 17-year-old mentally handicapped
male child with AIDS would be educated by a instructor in an stray schoolroom in the
school. ( J. Stine 291 ) .
Furthermore,
in California, a immature adult male arrived home one eventide to happen that the locks had
been changed. A few yearss subsequently he discovered that everything he had of all time
touched had been thrown out, such as apparels, books, bed sheets, and tooth-
coppice. The twenty-four hours before he had told his friends he had AIDS. Overnight, he had
no friends, slept on park benches, stole nutrient, passed bad cheques, and no 1
would come near him. ( 291 ) .
Second, it makes the AIDS patients paid high cost of intervention from initial infection
through decease. ? The combination anti-HIV therapy cost $ 12,000 to 18,000 a twelvemonth. The
many other medicines the patients with advanced AIDS may necessitate for related
conditions could raise the measure to $ 70,000 a year. ? ( K. Altman ) . Many others may hold to
wage out of pocket if the private wellness insurance programs will cover cost of some AIDS
patients. Furthermore, the cost of new intervention still on increasing. Therefore, it is truly
hard for the hapless people to afford this measure. Last, AIDS is the 5th taking cause of decease
among American between 25-44-years-old.
The spread of AIDS in the United States has historically resisted and continues to
resist attempted solution. In the present clip, cipher has found where was the AIDS
really come from. But the states of the universe demoing the highest rates of infection
are located in south-central Africa.
Epidemiologic surveies have confirmed that HTLV-III spread foremost in Africa
and is endemic in Zaire, Burundim Uganda, Rwanda, Tanzaniz, and Kenya.
with the rise of urbanism and jet travel in south-central Africa, the virus spread
quickly from metropolis to metropolis throughout Cardinal African, into Haiti, and 4 per centum of
cheery work forces in North American by the late 1970? s. ( A. Feldman 5 )
? On June 5, 1981 the first instances of the unwellness now known as acquired immunodeficinecy
syndrome were reported from Los Angeles in five immature homosexual work forces diagnosed
with Pneumeocystis carinii pneumonis and other timeserving infections. ? ( J. Stine xxxii )
Then, the people infected with AIDS virus increasing twelvemonth by twelvemonth. In about two
decennaries, the World Health Organization, Food and Drug Administration, U.S.
Department of Public Health, and more organisation have been tried many solution to
minimise the spread of AIDS in the United States merely with a minimum success. These
plans included a school AIDS instruction, publicity of abstention, publicity of
rubbers, and safer sex. For case, the public school AIDS instruction plans that
have been designed to decline gestation and the spread of STDs among adolescents.
? However, informations from a assortment of high school sex instruction categories offered across the
state indicate that adolescents are larning the indispensable facts but they are non practising
what they learn and what they know. ( 298 ) . Furthermore, hazardous sexual behaviour is
widespread among adolescents and has resulted in high rates of STDs. ? Over 25 % of the 20
million STD instances per twelvemonth occur among teenager. ? ( 298 ) . In add-on, publicity of
abstention is the certain manner to avoid contraction AIDS, but it is really difficult to pattern in
today? s sexually charged environment. It is because? the immature people themselves frequently
experience sex is an of import measure to adulthood ; most grownups think it is indispensable to a romantic
and adumbrate relationship. ? ( Garwood ) . Besides, the publicity of rubber plan in college
may really promote sexual activity instead than deter it. ? Overall of these
plans have reduced new HIV infection by 33 percent. ? ( A. Feldman 226 ) . That is non
plenty to minimise the spread of AIDS in the United States. If we want to hold a more
effectual consequence, more organisations, foundations, and givers should affect the new
plan and research. Therefore, the research workers can acquire adequate budget for a research.
Since many solutions have been tried with merely a minimum success in the United
States, there are three alternate solution for this job can be considered. The first of
the alternate solution is the public wellness functionaries can aim on a few of ethic and age
groups that have the largest sum of AIDS and the chief factor acquiring AIDS in the
United States in order to react the solution. It is because United States is the largest
subculture state in the planetary. Therefore, we can non to utilize the same method to
different ethic and age groups. The second of the alternate solution is the development
of AIDS vaccinum.
Scientist are trying to plan three types of vaccinums: ( 1 ) a preventative
or contraceptive vaccinum to protect people from going HIV-infected,
correspondent to authoritative virus vaccinum such as those for rubeolas and infantile paralysis ;
( 2 ) a curative vaccinum for those who are already infect with HIV to
forestall them from come oning to AIDS: and ( 3 ) a perinatal vaccinum for
disposal to pregnant HIV-infected adult females to forestall transmittal
of the virus to the foetus. ( J. Stein 174 ) .
The last of the alternate solution is a female usage a rubber alternatively of male because? the
AIDS instances in adult females were twice times more than the AIDS instances in work forces in the United
States. ? ( Stolberg ) Thus, female demands to utilize a rubber in order to avoiding the AIDS
instances increasing instead than a male. A female rubber is a safe and effectual substance
that can be inserted into the vagina in a froth, gel, sponge or other signifier to kill or forestall
it from infecting cells in the organic structure.
First, the public wellness functionaries can aim on the cultural and age groups that have
the largest sum of people infected with AIDS and the chief factor acquiring AIDS in the
United States in order to react the solution. It is a executable to work for this solution.
For case, ? AIDS is now the taking cause of decease between age 25- 44 old ages old and
over half of thiese deceases are injection related among of the African Americans and
Spanish americans in the United States. ? ( Elder ) . Besides, ? Seventy per centum of all injection-related
AIDS instances among African Americans and Hispanics have been reported in the last five
years. ? ( Day ) . The chief ground is these two ethic groups of shooting drug users are
probably to sharing their dirty acerate leafs and shooting illicit drugs. Therefore, we have to acquire
started with the clean-needle plans for the among of African Americans and
Spanish americans who is a drug user in the United States. ? Clean-needle plans cost between
$ 40,00 and 12,000 for individuals who inject drugs over a five-year period. ? ( Elder ) . This is
far lower that the estimated? $ 119,000 life clip cost of handling an HIV-infected
individual? . ( Elder ) . Since merely? little harm-reduction organisations funded by little
foundation grants? ( Elder ) are non plenty, the injecting drug users must pay the full cost
of clean-needle plans by themselves. The clean-needle plans have been
? endorsed by the American Public Health association and the American Medical
Association, every bit good as other associations concerned with our state? s health. ? ( Elder ) .
? The harm-reduction organisations will transport out the solution. ? ( Elder ) . Their work is
giving out the clean acerate leafs and roll uping the soiled 1s. The hazards involved for this
solution is this such plan will promote and increase the injecting drug users. ? A
consequence in Italy, the lessening of among AIDS instances related drug injection from 70 per centum
to 56 per centum when the clean-needle started. ? ( J Stein 169 ) . The 2nd solution is the
development of AIDS vaccinum. It is a executable to develop an AIDS vaccinum, but the
? vaccinum is non one hundred per centum effective. ? ( K. Altman ) . Furthermore, the experts
can non hold the all-out trials should be conducted until the research lab and animate being
research shows a solid scientific apprehension of how an experimental vaccinum work.
Recently, trial of the AIDS vaccinum go into full graduated table proving in the United States. ? The
undertaking has spent at least 639 million on developing of AIDS vaccinum since the first twenty-four hours
of the undertaking started? ( G. Weniger ) and? $ 200 million yearly on research the vaccinum. ?
( Richardson ) . But the cost of developing of AIDS vaccinum will be depends on how long
the scientist could make the effectivity of the vaccinum are immensely cut down the opportunity
holding AIDS. The Federal Government and the Food and Drug Administration will 100
per centum screen of the cost of the AIDS vaccinum. This undertaking needed more voluntaries to
involve for the vaccinum trials. ? The VaxGen vaccinum was involved 1,200 voluntaries
get downing in March 1992. ? ( K. Altman ) . Recently, ? 5,000 voluntaries are involved a new
vaccine trial over the following four old ages in up to 40 clinics in the United States and Canada. ?
( K. Altman ) . However, the largest sum of money have spent for AIDS vaccinum, but
excessively many experts expressed uncertainty about the vaccinum? s effectivity. Therefore, the lone hazard is
the big sum of money being used and the consequence of AIDS vaccinum may non effectual
on AIDS patients. Many scientists said that? the small assurance that the vaccinums would
protect sufficiently big proportion of recipient. ? ( K. Altman ) . The last alternate
solution is female usage a rubber alternatively of male. It is a executable for female to utilize
rubber. ? The female rubber is cost $ 2.25 for each? ( Smother ) and this cost is much
expensive than the male rubber, but the female rubber is much safer and has stronger
texture than the male rubber It is because the female rubber used with? a
nonoxynol-9? ( J. Stein 165 ) for extra protection against HIV/AIDS in the event of
supplanting, breakage, or escape. However, ? the presently Medicaid does non cover
this device, as it does the male rubber, spermatocide, and barrier, but Medicaid coverage
is expected in 1999/2000. ? ( 165 ) . The World Health Organization had the capablenesss
necessary to transport out the solution. The greatest hazard for this solution is the money being
wasted because the adult females constitutional opposition to utilize the rubber when they have sex.
However, from research, ? about seven million of female rubber have been
distributed in the 34 counties in Africa, Asia, and Latin America, and the device is
deriving credence among women. ? ( G. McNeil Jr ) .
In my sentiment, the best of the alternate solution will be the female rubber
since the AIDS instances in adult females were twice times more than the AIDS instances in work forces in the
United States. Therefore, the spread of AIDS will be minimize in the United States when
we can carry more adult females to utilize the female rubber. However, the first measure to do
more adult females to utilize the female rubber often every bit good as work forces do, we have to take down
the cost of the female rubber. Furthermore, adult females need to do their of import determination
by themselves to have on the rubber and do non allow the work forces make the determination because
work forces do non like the manner they feel when they have sex. So, we have to set more attempt on
this solution to come out a more positive consequence.
? About seven million of female rubber have been distributed in the 34 counties
in Africa, Asia, and Latin America, and the device is deriving credence among adult females. ?
( G. McNeil Jr ) . Furthermore, more work forces are being used to it and experience better than they wear
the male rubber. Besides, ? no breakage or escape of female rubber have report so far in
these counties. ? ( G. McNeil Jr ) . It is because the female rubber is safer and stronger
than the male rubber at forestalling the infection. Therefore, female rubber is the best
manner I think to minimise the spread of AIDS in the United States by 2000.
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