Apparently. the calamity of New Orleans is caused neither by governmental incompetency non by racial profiling. Actually. it is caused by transit job significance that the many households lack cars to drive out. Therefore. the metropolis appears to be vulnerable to the calamity. because the rate of car ownership is lower than in other US metropoliss. Harmonizing to statistics. in 2000 about tierce of city’s population don’t possess an car. It is known that emptying planning was based precisely on people driving out and therefore many people remained incapacitated.

Both Littman and O’Toole agree that the emptying program have failed because of hapless decision-making: uneffective planning for non-drivers. no precedence to evacuate the most vulnerable. failure to understand the grounds why people object to evacuating. no free and subsidised emptying programs. failure to implement theodolite coachs for emptying. etc. O’Toole assumes that the best solution to emptying is to subsidise the auto ownership for households and citizens who lacks vehicles. He says that it would hold been cheaper. if non-drivers have been provided with autos. He believes that car ownership provides immense benefits for proprietors. Therefore. he suggests supplying hapless people with autos.

However. Litman asserts that O’Toole ignores many points such as operating disbursals. route capacity and clang amendss. Furthermore. if to supply non-drivers with autos. the theodolite budget would be exceeded three times. He adds that authorities should hold implemented mass-transit emptying system. He states that non all people can drive and older autos are undependable. Furthermore. he says that it is better non to utilize autos in catastrophe state of affairs. because the rate of accidents would significantly increase. He means that decreased hurricane decease would be increased due to car human deaths. Litman argues that people may non be able to drive because of medical and economic conditions every bit good. His thought is to implement effectual theodolite and public transit instead than private cars.

Mentions
Litman. Todd. ( 2006. Janury ) . Lessons from Katrina and Rita: What Major Catastrophes Can Teach Transportation Planners. Journal of Transportation Engineering. 132. 11-18.
O’Toole. Randal. ( 2005. September ) . Lack of Automobility Key to New Orleans Tragedy. Retrieved November 30. 2006. from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. seattletimes. nwsource. com