Untitled Essay, Research Paper

Doctrine originated from the Grecian linguistic communication. It is made up of two words: & # 8220 ; philein & # 8221 ; which means to love and & # 8220 ; sophia & # 8221 ; which means wisdom. There are three fundamentalquestions in the field of doctrine which are referred to as the Existential Concerns. & # 8221 ; What can I cognize? & # 8221 ; , & # 8220 ; What ought I to make? & # 8221 ; , & # 8220 ; What is the significance of life and my topographic point inthe existence? & # 8221 ; These complex inquiries are discussed in the basic countries of doctrine. Epistemology is the theory of cognition. The major inquiry in this country is, whatis truth? There are assorted theories about the right reply. One account is theCorrespondence Theory of Truth. This theorem puts forth the thought that the lone existent truthhas touchable grounds to endorse it up. For illustration, a informant to a offense. That individual wasthe merely one, other so the direct people involved who know what happened. However, faith and scientific discipline are two signifiers that go against this theorem. Another theory is nothingis truth. This consists of the thought that we can non cognize anything with certainty. Thefollowers of this theorem are normally classified as being & # 8220 ; disbelieving & # 8221 ; . Another explanationfor truth is considered Sense Perception. Sense Perception is subjective and comparative, therefore it is non a touchable signifier of cognition. There is still one more signifier ofdetermining the truth, mathematics or Intellectual Knowledge. For illustration, if I were toask you to add two and three, the lone true reply you could give me would be five. Theis non a subjective or comparative illustration. Many people consider math to be a cosmopolitan truth. There are assorted inquiries associated with the country of moralss. Each of them dealwith ethical motives. Ethical motives are defined as the right behavior or responsibilities of a adult male. The firstquestion is, are at that place any cosmopolitan moral values? Moral relativists will either deny or be infavor of the existent of cosmopolitan values. One case where I can explicate this thought, iswith the Nuremberg tests of 1946. Post World War II, several top functionaries of the Naziregiment were put on test for the & # 8220 ; offenses they committed against humanistic disciplines & # 8221 ; . However, they didn & # 8217 ; t plead guilty. Their defence was that they were merely following orders and thelaws presented by the province. Do you believe that is a suited ground for their actions? Ifso, you believe that cosmopolitan moral values do non be. That each state and/or groupof people have separate rights and wrongs associated with their civilization. On the otherhand if you feel that the Axis Powers were right in seting these officers on test, thenyou believe that there are basic moral values, that should be obeyed. The term for this isEqual Dignity. Therefore you believe in a Universal Justice besides known as Cicero NaturalLaw Doctrine. The 2nd inquiry that is discussed, when speech production of moralss, is & # 8220 ; What principlesshould guide my actions or picks? & # 8221 ; In other words, what do I establish my determinations on? Most people judge their behaviour by what is good, just or merely. Others by what will bringthem pleasance. These people believe in hedonism. There are persons that determinetheir actions by fright, self-preservation or inherent aptitude. Furthermore another inquiry is, whatmakes a s

ociety a just one? There are two sides to this question. A major issue concernedwith this argument is the imprisonment of convicted criminals. On one hand, some peoplebelieve in retributive justice. They understand that one should repay their debt to society,if necessary. They believe in rehabilitation. On the other hand, those who believe indistributive justice are under the concept, that equal wealth is the answer to making asociety just. These people believe that everyone should be treated the same. Finally, the last question dealing with ethics is, what is the relationship betweenlaws and morality? Laws are the rules established by an authority. Many people think thatlaws should be written with the pure intent of creating and therefore, keeping a society inorder. Others feel that laws should be written with moral rights in mind. For instance thetopic of abortion. Although the law was passed that it is legal for a woman to get anabortion, many believe the law in morally wrong. These people believe that, a child is alife from conception and should have the right to live. Whether they are correct or not, isthe law a moral one? Then, the question should be asked who decides what is moral andwhat isn’t? Metaphysics is the third area of philosophy. It is the study of “the way the worldreally is”. Once again there are questions about this topic. An important question is, whatis the ultimate nature of reality? The first answer is that nature is purely physical ormaterial. Therefore everything is simply made of matter and nothing more. An exampleof this, is the brain, simply a part of our body. There is no soul present. Another answeris that nature is spiritual, being non-material. It means that we will experience reality iscompletely spiritual terms, with our soul, an example is the mind. The mind is anintellectual faculty that is in charge of our understanding, memories and opinions.Dualism is the combination of both materialism and spiritualism. It suggests nature ismade up of physical and spiritual elements. Accordingly, it also suggests that the brainand mind act as a team. Another question concerned with metaphysics is, does theuniverse have rational or moral order? Or is it simply absurd? If our universe was absurd,then there would be no goals to set, no purpose in your life. Basically, if it was true ourexistence would just be a bad joke. God is also a topic up for discussion when related to metaphysics. The questionarises of whether or not God created the world. Many cultures have a vast number ofanswers to this question, most deal with religion. The Roman Catholic and Jewishreligions+ believe a single male God created the world in seven days. Ancient Greeks andRomans believed that several female goddesses and male gods created the universe. Withthis question, the meaning of life is also pondered. Cosmology is the study of theuniverse. Various philosophers contemplate the ultimate nature of reality and the originsof the universe. The three fundamental questions in the field of philosophy, will never be answeredfully. If they were, the world would be neglected of great thinkers, philosophers, such asPlato, Socrates and Amaxander.