Definitions Essay, Research Paper

Human Growth and Development

1. opprobrious relationship: when one spouse in a relationship becomes violent or aggressive toward the other.

2. adjustment: harmonizing to Piaget, altering bing cognition based on new cognition.

3. achievement position: individuality position in which striplings have explored alternate individualities and are now secure in their chosen individualities.

4. active mercy killing: deliberate stoping of person? s life.

5. activities of day-to-day life ( ADL? s ) : self-care undertakings such as feeding, bathing, toileting, walking, or dressing.

6. activity: dimension of disposition defined by the pacing and energy of a kid? s activity.

7. version degree: country where environmental imperativeness is mean for a peculiar degree of competency.

8. dependence: physical dependance on a peculiar substance, such as intoxicant.

9. adolescent egoism: self-absorption that is characteristic of adolescents as they search for individuality.

10. aerophilic exercising: exercising that places a moderate on the bosom by keeping a pulse rate between 60 % and 90 % of the maximal bosom rate.

11. age favoritism: denying a occupation or publicity to person entirely on the footing of their age.

12. age integrated lodging: where people of all ages live together and interact.

13. age of viability: age at which a foetus can last because most of its bodily systems map adequately ; typically at seven months after construct.

14. age-segregated lodging: where all occupants are of the same age.

15. amenity: dimension of personality associated with being accepting, willing to work with others, and lovingness.

16. watchful inaction: province in which a babe is unagitated with eyes unfastened and attentive, and the babe seems to be intentionally inspecting the environment.

17. disaffection: when workers feel that what they are making is meaningless, that their attempts are devalued, or when they do non see the connexion between what they do and the concluding merchandise.

18. allelomorphs: fluctuations of cistrons.

19. selflessness: pro-social behaviour such as assisting and sharing in which the person does non profit straight from his or her behaviour.

20. Alzheimer? s disease: disease associated with aging characterized by gradual diminutions in memory, acquisition, attending, and judgement ; confusion as to clip and where one is ; troubles in communication and happening the words one wants to utilize ; diminutions in personal hygiene and self-care accomplishments ; inappropriate societal behaviour ; and alterations in personality.

21. amniocentesis: antenatal diagnostic technique that involves retreating a sample of amnionic fluid through the venters utilizing a syringe.

22. amniotic sac: interior pouch in which the developing kid remainders.

23. amyloid: protein that is produced in abnormally high degrees in Alzheimer? s disease and that may be responsible for the neurofibrillary tangles and neuritic plaques.

24. animism: crediting inanimate objects with life and life-like belongingss such as feelings.

25. anniversary reaction: alterations in behaviour related to feelings of unhappiness on the existent day of remembrance of a decease.

26. anorexia nervosa: relentless refusal to eat, accompanied by an irrational fright of being overweight.

27. anoxia: deficiency of O during bringing, typically because the umbilical cord becomes pinched or tangled during bringing.

28. anxiousness upsets: jobs such as feelings of terrible anxiousness for no evident ground, phobic disorder to specific things or topographic points, and obsessive-compulsive upsets in which ideas or actions are repeatedly performed.

29. appraise: to measure a state of affairs to find whether it exceeds a individual? s resources and is, hence, nerve-racking.

30. assimilation: harmonizing to Piaget, taking in information that is compatible with what one already knows.

31. assortative coupling: theory of copulating that states that people find spouses based on their similarity to each other.

32. fond regard: digesting social-emotional relationship between babies and their health professionals.

33. attentional procedures: procedures that determine which information will be processed farther by an person.

34. autocratic parents: parents who show high degrees of control and low degrees of heat toward their kids.

35. important parents: parents who use a moderate sum of control and who are warm and antiphonal to their kids.

36. somatic chromosomes: foremost 22 braces of chromosomes.

37. mean life anticipation: age at which half of the people born in a peculiar twelvemonth will hold died.

38. avoidant fond regard: relationship in which babies turn off from their female parents when they are reunited following a brief separation.

39. axon: tube-like construction that emerges from the cell organic structure and transmits information to other nerve cells.

40. babble: speech-like sounds that consist vowel-consonant combinations.

41. radical metabolic rate: velocity with which the organic structure consumes Calories.

42. basic call: call that starts quietly and bit by bit becomes more intense frequently heard when babes are hungry or tired.

43. basic emotions: emotions experienced by world and that consist of three elements: a subjective feeling, a physiological alteration, and an open behaviour.

44. beat-up adult female syndrome: state of affairs in which a adult female believes that she can non go forth an opprobrious state of affairs.

45. behavior therapy: attack to handling depression based on increasing the figure of wagess or supports in the environment.

46. bioethics: survey of the interface between human values and technological progresss in wellness and life-sciences.

47. biological forces: all familial and health-related factors that affect development.

48. biopsychosocial model: position that integrates biological, psychological, sociocultural, and life-cycle forces on development.

49. blended household: household dwelling of a biological parent, a stepparent, and kids.

50. encephalon decease: most widely accepted definition of decease, including no heart-beat, respiration, reactivity, physiological reactions, and encephalon activity.

51. binge-eating syndrome nervosa: disease in which people alternate between orgy feeding ( periods in which they eat uncontrollably ) and purging through self-induced emesis or with laxatives.

52. burnout: depletion of a individual? s energy and motive.

53. cardinality rule: numeration rule that the last figure and name denotes the figure of objects being counted.

54. calling plateauing: either a deficiency of promotional chance from the organisation or a individual? s determination non to seek promotion.

55. cell organic structure: centre of the nerve cell that keeps the nerve cell alive.

56. cellular theories: theories of aging that focal point on procedures that occur within single cells, which cause the build-up of harmful substances over one? s lifetime.

57. centrality: significance derived when grand-parenting is the most of import thing in grandparents? lives.

58. cephalocaudal rule: rule that growing occurs from the caput foremost and so down the spinal column.

59. intellectual cerebral mantle: wrinkly surface of the encephalon that regulates many maps that are distinctively human.

60. intellectual vascular accidents: see shots.

61. chorionic villus sampling: antenatal diagnostic technique that involves taking a sample of tissue from the chorion.

62. chromosomes: thread-like constructions in the karyon of the sperm and egg that contain familial stuff.

63. chronic clogging pneumonic disease ( COPD ) : most common signifier of disabling respiratory disease among older grownups ; illustrations are asthma and emphysema.

64. circadian beat: sleep-wake rhythm.

65. climacteric: loss of ability to bear kids, which normally begins in the 40? s and is complete by age 50 or 55.

66. clinical decease: decease defined by a deficiency of pulse and respiration.

67. coterie: little group of friends who are similar in age, sex, and race.

68. co-dominance: state of affairs in which one allelomorph does non rule another wholly.

69. cognitive therapy: attack to depression based on the thought that maladaptive beliefs or knowledges about oneself are responsible for depression.

70. cohabitation: two or more unrelated grownups populating together.

71. cohort effects: differences between persons that result from experiences and fortunes unique to a individual? s peculiar coevals.

72. comparable worth: equating wage in businesss that are determined to be tantamount in importance but differ in footings of the gender distribution of the people in them.

73. competency: upper bound of a individual? s ability to map in five spheres: physical wellness, sensory-perceptual accomplishments, motor accomplishments, cognitive accomplishments, and ego strength.

74. complex emotions: emotions that have a self- appraising constituent.

75. cones: specialised nerve cells in the dorsum of the oculus that sense colour.

76. conscientiousness: dimension of personality associated with being hard-working, amb

itious, energetic, scrupulous, and persevering.

77. continuity theory: position that people tend to get by with day-to-day life in late maturity in basically the same ways they coped in earlier periods of life.

78. continuity- discontinuity issue: issue concerned with whether a developmental phenomenon follows a smooth patterned advance throughout the life span or a series of disconnected displacements.

79. conventional degree: 2nd degree of concluding in Kholberg? s theory, where moral logical thinking is based on society? s norms.

80. convergent thought: utilizing information to get at one criterion and right reply.

81. cooing: early vowel-like sounds that babes produce.

82. concerted drama: drama that is organized around a subject, with each kid taking on a different function ; begins at about 2 old ages of age.

83. header: efforts to cover with emphasis.

84. principal callosum: thick package of nerve cells that connects the 2 hemispheres.

85. correlativity coefficient: statistic that reveals the strength and way of the relation between 2 variables.

86. correlativity survey: probe looking at dealingss between variables as they exist of course in the universe.

87. cross-linking: theory of aging in which some proteins interact indiscriminately with certain organic structure tissues, such as musculuss and arterias.

88. transverse sectional surveies: research design in which people of different ages are compared at one point in clip.

89. crowd: big group including many coteries that have similar attitudes and values.

90. crowning: visual aspect of the top of the babe? s caput during labour.

91. weeping: province in which a babe cries smartly, normally accompanied by agitated but uncoordinated motion.

92. crystallisation: first stage in Super? s theory of calling development, in which striplings use their emerging individualities for thoughts about callings.

93. crystallised intelligence: cognition acquired through experience and instruction in a peculiar civilization.

94. cultural curator: position of grandparents whose grandchildren live with them to larn the native ways.

95. culture-fair intelligence trials: intelligence trials devised utilizing points common to many civilizations.

96. day of the month ( familiarity ) colza: when person is forced to hold sexual intercourse with person they know.

97. decease anxiousness: refers to the fact that people are uncomfortable believing about their ain decease.

98. deductive logical thinking: drawing decisions from facts ; feature of formal operational idea.

99. dementedness: household of diseases affecting serious damage of behavioural and cognitive operation.

100. demographists: people who study population tendencies.

101. dendrite: terminal of the nerve cell that receives information ; it looks like a tree with many subdivisions.

102. deoxyribonucleic acid ( DNA ) : molecule composed of four base bases that is the biochemical footing of heredity.

103. dependent variable: behaviour that is observed after other variables are manipulated.

104. depression: upset characterized by permeant feelings of unhappiness, crossness, and low self-pride.

105. distinction: distinguishing and get the hanging single gestures.

106. diffusion position: individuality position in which striplings do non hold an individuality and are making nil to accomplish one.

107. disorganized ( disoriented ) fond regard: relationship in which babies wear? T seem to understand what? s go oning when they are separated and later reunited with their female parents.

108. dispositional congratulations: congratulations that links a kid? s selfless behaviour to an implicit in selfless temperament.

109. divergent thought: thought in novel and unusual waies.

110. divided attending: executing more than one undertaking at a clip.

111. dizygous twins: consequence of the fertilisation of two separate eggs by two sperm ; besides called fraternal twins.

112. docility: when people allow the state of affairs to order the options they have.

113. laterality hierarchy: ordination of persons within a group in which group members with lower position defer to those with greater position.

114. dominant: signifier of an allelomorph whose chemical instructions are followed.

115. dream: every bit related to vocational development, a vision of one? s calling.

116. dysphoria: feeling sad or down ; the most outstanding symptom of depression.

117. ecological theory: position that human development can non be separated from the environmental contexts in which development occurs.

118. exoderm: outer bed of the embryo that will go the hair, outer bed of tegument, and the nervous system.

119. self-importance: harmonizing to Freud, the rational constituent of the personality ; develops during the first few old ages of life.

120. egoism: trouble in seeing the universe from another? s point of position ; typical of kids in the preoperational period.

121. ego resiliency: powerful personality resource that enables people to manage midlife.

122. EEG ( EEG ) : form of encephalon moving ridges recorded from electrodes that are placed on the scalp.

123. embryo: term given to the fertilized ovum once it is wholly embedded in the uterine wall.

124. emotionalism: facet of disposition that refers to the strength of the baby? s emotional response to a state of affairs, the easiness with which that response is triggered, and the easiness with which the baby can be returned to a non-emotional province.

125. empathy: sing another individual? s feelings.

126. encapsulated: consequence of the procedures of believing going connected with the merchandises of thought.

127. entoderm: interior bed of the embryo, which will go the lungs and the digestive system.

128. environmental imperativeness: figure and type of physical, interpersonal, or societal demands that environments make on people.

129. epigenetic rule: position in Erikson? s theory that each psychosocial phase has its ain period of importance.

130. equilibriation: harmonizing to Piaget, a procedure by which kids reorganize their strategies to return to a province of equilibrium when disequilibrium occurs.

131. estrogen-related symptoms: symptoms associated with the climacteric and climacteric, including hot flashes, dark workout suits, vaginal waterlessness, and urine escape that are due to the bead in estrogen.

132. ethology: subdivision of biological science concerned with adaptative behaviours that are characteristic of different species.

133. eugenics: attempt to better the human species by allowing merely people whose features are valued by a society mate and base on balls along their cistrons.

134. mercy killing: pattern of stoping a life for grounds of clemency.

135. exchange theory: position that matrimony is based on each spouse lending something to the relationship that the other would be distressed to supply.

136. exosystem: harmonizing to Bronfenbrenner, societal scenes that influence one? s development even though one does non see them foremost manus.

137. experiment: systematic manner of pull stringsing factors that a research worker thinks cause a peculiar behaviour.

138. expressed memory: witting and knowing remembrance of information.

139. expressive manner: language-learning manner that describes kids whose vocabularies include many societal phrases that are used like one word.

140. extended household: household in which grandparents and other relations live with parents and kids.

141. external Plutos: memory Plutos that rely on environmental resources, such as notebooks or calendars.

142. extroversion: dimension of personality in which an person thrives on societal interaction, likes to speak, takes charge easy, readily expresses sentiments and feelings, likes to maintain busy, has apparently ageless energy, and prefers exciting and disputing environments.

143. highly low birth weight: neonates who weigh less than 1,000 gms ( 2 lbs ) .

144. familial mental deceleration: signifier of mental deceleration that does non affect biological harm but represents the low terminal of the normal distribution of intelligence.

145. household life rhythm: a series of comparatively predictable alterations that households experience.

146. fast function: fact that kids make connexions between new words and referents so rapidly that they can? t be sing all possible significances.

147. foetal intoxicant syndrome: upset impacting babes whose female parents consumed big sums of intoxicant while they were pregnant.

148. foetal medical specialty: field of medical specialty concerned with handling antenatal jobs before birth.

149. assumed grandparenting: manner that allows grownups to make full in for losing or deceased grandparents, functionally making the function of foster grandparent.

150. filial duty: sense of duty to care for a parent if necessary.

151. all right motor accomplishments: motor accomplishments associated with grasping, keeping, and pull stringsing objects.

152. unstable intelligence: abilities such as thought in a flexible, adaptative mode, pulling illations, and understanding dealingss between constructs.