Proposed Taxonomies:
* Paul Simpson’s Taxonomy ( 1993 )
=He distinguishes what he footings:
* Category A Narratives= narrated by a first-person storyteller who is a participant in the narrative he/she is stating. * Category B Narratives= narrated by a third-person storyteller either from inside or outside a peculiar character’s consciousness. =His taxonomy pays attending to the construct of mode. with each of his classs of narrative exposing different types and grades of mode. accounting for specific point of view effects. Classs: Taxonomies of Point of view

* Perceptual and Conceptual point of position ( Chatman ; 1990 )

* Spatio-temporal and Ideological point of view ( Roger Fowler ; 1986 ) =covers the difference between:
* Literal Viewpoint= what person is able to physically see. * Metaphorical Viewpoint= ( e. i. someone’s sentiment )

B. Encoding point of View in Language
* Third-Person Narration= the storyteller of the transition is non a character in the narrative he/ she is stating. * Omniscient= the storyteller knows everything about the fictional universe and the characters that he/she is depicting. including those character’s ideas and feelings. * Restricted= the narrative is biased towards the characters point of position of
the events described. Linguistic INDICATORS OF VIEWPOINT BY MICK SHORT ( 1996 )

* Verbs of Cognition in the Tex= readers are given information about the cognitive behaviour of one character merely. * Schema-Oriented Language= is consistent with the character’s point of position. * Event-Coding= this term is consistent with the characters perceptual point of view. * Graphological Deviation = can be used to reflect point of position. particularly in multimodal texts. Deixis

Deictic Footings
* It indicates the Po
* sition of something or person in relation to the speaker’s deictic centre. * this and that: illustrations of topographic point deictics.
* That is. words that. in and of themselves: ‘pure’ deictic words Four Types of Deixis ( Levinson ; 1983 )
* Temporal Deixis= it indicate metaphorical propinquity and distance from the talker in relation to the point in clip at which the talker makes their utterance Examples: now and so. yesterday. today and tomorrow

* Person Deixis= represented by the pronoun system. and encodes the talkers and addressees within a speech event. Example: me and you
* Social Deixis= another correspondent development of topographic point deixis and encodes how close how near we feel in footings of our societal relationship with them. * Empathic Deixix= similar to societal deixis and indicates psychological intimacy or distance from whatever individual. topographic point or object is being described.

Deictic Shift Theory:
& gt ; a manner of accounting for how the reader of a text frequently takes a cognitive stance within the universe of a narrative and interprets text from the position. * Galbraith ( 1995 )
* He explains that all fictional narrative is made out of a figure of deictic Fieldss. * Stockwell ( 2002: 47 )
* Defined as a set deictic looks all associating the same deictic Centre.