By maintaining in position the ISO criterions which emphasize the appraisal of usage of a merchandise. this research aims to measure the drawn-out usage of computing machines and their effects on human wellness. The aim of this survey was to look into the association between extent of computing machine usage ( per twenty-four hours ) and carpal tunnel syndrome. computing machine emphasis syndrome. computing machine vision syndrome and musculoskeletal jobs. The 2nd aim was to look into the extent of coincident happening of carpal tunnel syndrome. emphasis. computing machine vision syndrome and musculoskeletal upsets among computing machine users. The sample in this exploratory survey consisted of 120 employees and pupils. Self administered questionnaire was used as an instrument in this field study survey. The findings confirmed that computing machine related wellness upsets such as carpal tunnel syndrome. emphasis. computing machine vision syndrome and musculoskeletal upsets occur at the same time among drawn-out computing machine users such as employees and pupils.

The coincident happening of carpal tunnel syndrome. emphasis. computing machine vision syndrome and musculoskeletal upsets is more among employees than pupils and those who are both employees and pupils. Employees who use computing machine daily for more than four hours are more likely subjected to the hazards of all these four wellness upsets. The survey concludes that by detecting some regulations of utilizing computing machine. minimizing and treating of these upsets are possible. Keywords: Computer. Prolonged usage. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. Computer Vision Syndrome. Health Disorders. Employees. Students. Abbreviations: Electromagnetic Field ( EMF ) . Life Cycle Assessment ( LCA ) . Life Cycle Inventory ( LCI ) . INTRODUCTION Contemporary engineering revolution has made our lives with so much convenient that people would barely conceive of life without computing machine. cyberspace. overseas telegram Television. cellular phones. assorted tools and appliances. Computers are one of the chief tools in concerns. educational institutes. offices. places and even in autos. On one manus. these engineerings including computing machines have made lives so much easy but on the other manus have created many hazards for human wellness. The negative hazards associated with the use of these engineerings are increasing with their turning demand twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours.

Every electronic device including computing machines and laptops produce a signifier of Electromagnetic Field ( EMF ) . This EMF is really a non ionizing radiation which release energy from these electronic devices that is non plenty to ionise the atoms. hence alternatively of taking negatrons it merely excites the negatrons. This energy brings negative effects to human wellness. By utilizing computing machines. laptops or even sitting in computerized workplaces an person is exposed to the unsafe moving ridges. These radiations may do quickly or easy several wellness jeopardies. It means that persons particularly employees passing figure of hours for working on computing machine are straight exposed to the harmful effects of EMF. ISO quality criterions emphasize the demand of mensurating the quality of merchandises throughout its life rhythm i. e. from natural stuffs to disposal. The intent is to bring forth safe environment and its constituents by analyzing the impacts of merchandises on it.

Therefore. it is necessary to analyze the direct or indirect effects of computing machines on human wellness because the universe at this clip is to a great extent dependent upon computing machines and it is human existences that use computing machines. Therefore. this survey has made an effort to look into the reported wellness upsets among persons working at computerized workplaces as a consequence of drawn-out computing machine usage. By carry oning a field study. computing machine users were asked to foreground wellness upsets they are confronting due to extended usage of computing machines. The strategy of survey is as follows: After debut. ISO 14040 Life Cycle Assessment. effects of electromagnetic Fieldss and other hazard factors on human wellness are discussed. After it. Research Methodology. consequences and findings are elaborated. Decision and recommendation are discussed in the last subdivision of this paper. Literature Review Life Cycle Assessment ( LCA ) Harmonizing to ISO 14040. Life Cycle Assessment ( LCA ) refers to the “notion that for a just. holistic appraisal the natural stuff production. industry. distribution. usage and disposal ( including all intervening transit stairss ) need to be assessed” .

It consists of three attacks Life-cycle direction. Life-cycle stock list and Life-cycle impact appraisal. The countries of protection in life rhythm attack are human wellness. ecosystem quality. clime and resources. Life rhythm impact appraisal can be said as a holistic attack for environmental impacts. It represents step of impact of a peculiar merchandise e. g. computing machine which can damage one or more countries of production as shown in Figure 1. It non merely takes into history the toxic emanation from chemicals. but besides considers land usage. human wellness. radiations and loss of renewable and unrenewable resources. Figure 1 shows the life rhythm stock list attack. It consists of life rhythm consequences. centers ( 14 classs such as ionising radiations. photochemical oxidizations. planetary warming etc ) and harm classs ( human wellness. ecosystem quality. clime alteration and resources ) .

The Life Cycle Impact Assessment ( LCIA ) methodological analysis suggests a practical executing of a combined midpoint/damage attack. associating all types of Life Cycle Inventory ( LCI ) consequences via 14 center classs to 4 harm classs ( Iftekhar Uddin and Jannatul Ferdous. 2010 ) . In one survey Socolof. Overly and Geibig ( 2005 ) by utilizing life rhythm attack examined the environmental and human wellness impacts of functionally tantamount 17inch CRT and 15-inch LCD computing machine proctors. They found that H2O eutrophication and aquatic ecotoxicity impacts during life rhythm analysis were greater for the LCD while all other impact classs ( e. g. . resource usage. energy. ozone depletion. landfill infinite usage. human wellness toxicity ) were greater for the CRT proctors. In another survey Duan et Al ( 2009 ) besides conducted the life rhythm appraisal ( LCA ) to look into the environmental public presentation of Chinese desktop personal computing machine system which follows the ISO14040 series.

The consequences of their survey besides confirmed the environmental effects of computing machines. Figure 2 provides an overview of these consequences. In both of surveies. the consequence of computing machine life rhythm phases on environment including human wellness is confirmed. By maintaining in position the ISO criterions which besides emphasize the demand of appraisal of usage of a merchandise. this research aims to measure the drawn-out usage of computing machines and their effects on human wellness. Electromagnetic Fieldss and Human wellness Electromagnetic Fieldss ( EMFs ) are unseeable lines of force that occur whenever electricity is being conducted. The two types of electromagnetic Fieldss are ionising and nonionizing radiation. Ionizing radiation has adequate energy to take negatrons from atoms. The loss of an negatron with its negative charge causes the atom ( or molecule ) to go positively charged. Non-ionizing radiation is a series of energy moving ridges composed of hovering electric and magnetic Fieldss going at the velocity of visible radiation. Nonionizing radiation is found in a broad scope of occupational scenes and can present a wellness hazard to exposed workers if non decently controlled ( Smith. 2010 ) . Computers are besides one of the beginnings of electromagnetic field.

However. because of complexness of the computing machine circuit the radiation mechanism of every portion of a computing machine is non easy to explicate hence. presently no “electromagnetic radiation model” for whole computing machine system is available ( Hong-xin et al. . 2003 ) . One of the studies of NYSUT federation explains that when a beam of hovering negatrons hit the bright surface of a computing machine screen. it produces a beaming image along with breathing radiations in the environment. These negatrons hitting the computing machine screen besides produce pulse electromagnetic radiation ( PEMR ) which continues for a figure of hours even after the turning off the computing machine and negatively affect life cells. The risky effects of these electromagnetic Fieldss on human wellness are non explored in a comprehensive mode in research. There are few surveies refering this issues e. g ( Barnes. 2006 ; Mercola. 2010 ; Kanapeckas et Al. . 2007 ) . These few surveies have focused on the effects of drawn-out computing machine use on wellness in signifier of ion depletion in air. environment due to proctors. radioactive emanation from proctors ( xrays/gamma beams. UV ) ; blaze and contemplation from proctors ; electrical field radiation. electromagnetic field from proctors ; inactive electromotive force physique from proctors ; chemical outgases from computing machine hardware stuffs and biotechnologies ( Lee. 1994 ) . Briggs-Kamara1et Al. . ( 2009 ) conducted a research to look into the impact of computing machine and photocopier operations in environment of Nigerian University. Their survey confirmed that radiation profile of the University shows on the whole wellness hazards.

Hazard factors Awkward position Repetition Duration/lack of recovery clip Force

Description Includes computing machine identifying with the carpuss bent making for the mouse Performing the same gesture such as identifying. utilizing a mouse. or other undertaking every few seconds or on a uninterrupted footing for hours at a clip or even the whole work displacement Working long periods at a computing machine or other occupation without interruptions and altering undertakings The attempt it takes to travel an object or to stay in a posing. standing or other place for a long clip ( drawn-out inactive effort ) . Another type of force. known as contact emphasis comes from force per unit area against a portion of a organic structure. such as resting the carpuss against a difficult and/or crisp border

Uncomfortable environment Organization of work

Poor air quality. improper lighting. blaze. noise and other conditions Includes factors such as staffing degrees. programming. work load and occupation tempo. electronic monitoring. executing humdrum undertakings. and the sum of control workers have over how they perform their occupations. These are sometimes referred to as psychosocial factors

Beginning: AFSCME. 2006

Chad-Umoren et Al. ( 2006 ) in two separate surveies evaluated the radiation profile of the indoors and out-of-door environment of natural philosophies research lab of the Rivers State College of Education. Port Harcourt. Nigeria. Kanapeckas. et Al ( 2007 ) in their survey measured radiations of electromagnetic Fieldss at 124 workplaces in 42 suites of Kaunas University of Technology ( KUT ) . They found that radiation degree is good below the measured harmful degree. Several researches conducted by Center for Radiological Health and Devices. Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) . Bell Laboratories show that Computer video show terminuss “…emit small or no harmful ionizing ( e. g. . X raies ) or non-ionizing ( e. g. . infrared ) radiation under normal operating conditions. ”

As there is deficiency of comprehensive research sing risky consequence of computing machine radiations. therefore. some beginnings warn about violent impacts over people’s wellness while other beginnings are in uncertainty about these effects. The ground behind this is that largely research workers have analyzed statistical informations. for illustration scope of frequences and degree of radiations etc ; therefore. it is hard to measure the pure impacts on wellness. Additional Risk Factors for Human Health Harmonizing to Marriam- Webstar Dictionary ( 2010 ) hazard factor is “something that increases hazard or susceptibility” . It can be said as the chance to happen a peculiar disease in a individual. It can include working conditions every bit good. The hazard factor associated with drawn-out usage of computing machine may do many wellness jobs. The most common hazard factors that are beginning of most of wellness jobs or hurts in computing machine users are shown in Table 1 and figure 3. Many research workers have confirmed that these hazard factors have caused several diseases. The effects of computing machine work have been reviewed by some research workers. Punnett and Bergqvist ( 1997 ) reviewed 56 epidemiological surveies on effects of computing machine work and concluded that usage of computing machine and keyboard straight doing manus and carpus upsets and less systematically doing cervix and shoulder upsets.

Blatter and Bongers ( 2002 ) found that about four hr usage of computing machine per twenty-four hours produces musculoskeletal upsets of cervix or upper limb in adult females and six hours or more of computing machine usage causes these symptoms in work forces. Keir et Al. . ( 1999 ) in their survey calculated carpal tunnel force per unit area among 14 persons working with 3 different mice. They confirmed that usage of mouse is a cause of increasing carpal tunnel force per unit area. Some other upsets are besides associated with drawn-out computing machine usage. Many research workers ( e. g Sheedy. 1992 ; Smith and Stammerjohn. 1981 ; Costanza. 1994 ) see eye- related symptoms as more often happening wellness upset among computing machine users. It is known as Computer Vision Syndrome. Yan. Basque Homeland and Freedom. . cubic decimeter ( 2008 ) categorized its symptoms in three: ( I ) eye-related symptoms ( e. g. “dry eyes. watery eyes. annoyed eyes. firing eyes” ) . ( two ) vision-related symptoms ( e. g. “eyestrain. oculus weariness. concern. blurred vision. dual vision” ) . and ( two ) posture-related symptoms ( e. g. “sore cervix. shoulder hurting. sore back” ) .

In another survey Wang et Al. . ( 1998 ) found that if computing machine is used more than 30 hours per hebdomad and more than 10 old ages. depression. compulsion and bodily upsets addition. Adair. Ashley and Chou ( 1997 ) complained that surveies sing wellness effects of electronic devices including computing machines are characterized by unequal appraisal of field survey. No individual survey to the full distinguished the effects of picture show terminuss use on eyes. musculoskeletal system and occupation related emphasis. The reappraisal of literature besides shows that often happening wellness job related with drawn-out computing machine usage are carpal tunnel syndrome. back. cervix and shoulder jobs. computing machine vision syndrome and emphasis.

The researches conducted in this context have investigated these diseases individually. Still. no research has been reported in which all these often happening diseases are studied together. Therefore. to make full this research spread. the present survey by utilizing field study attack intends to look into the prevalence of these diseases among drawn-out computing machine users. The chief purpose of the survey is to happen a relationship between extent of computing machine usage ( per twenty-four hours ) and carpal tunnel syndrome. emphasis. computing machine vision syndrome and cervix and shoulder jobs. The research inquiries addressed in this survey are: To what extent carpal tunnel syndrome. emphasis. computing machine vision syndrome and musculoskeletal jobs occur at the same time among drawn-out computing machine users?

Is there any association between extent of computing machine usage ( per twenty-four hours ) and carpal tunnel syndrome. computing machine emphasis syndrome. computing machine vision syndrome and musculoskeletal jobs? METHODOLOGY The survey adopted field study attack as primary informations beginning for look intoing the research job. The nature of survey is explorative. Self administered study was used because in study. research workers can non direct the province of respondents. hence helps to generalise the consequences ( Yalcinkaya. 2007 ) . Secondly study is able to supply a complete image of affected computing machine users and besides able to increase consciousness about these wellness issues. Sample In this research single user of computing machine was the unit of analysis.