Literature Review Essay, Research Paper

Reappraisal Of Literature

Women/Mothers Infected with AIDS

As stated by Ruth Ann Van Loon in Redefining Motherhood: Adaptation to function alteration for adult females with AIDS adult females represent 16 % of all grownups infected with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, more normally referred to as AIDS. In 1998 surveies revealed adult females were being infected with the virus at a faster rate so work forces. A astonishing 57 % of females infected with the disease are African American and 27 % of those infected are Hispanic. 21 % of adult females infected with AIDS are in their mid-twentiess. Although the age group with the highest per centum of adult females infected with the epidemic are adult females in there mid-thirtiess which constitutes for 43 % of females infected with AIDS. Womans in their mid-fortiess, similar to adult females in their mid-twentiess, make up 21 % of the AIDS infected female population. In 1999, surveies show that 40 % of adult females contracted the disease through heterosexual dealingss. 42 % of contracted the disease through shooting illegal substances. The 15 % that was originally reported no hazard factor was really followed up and as a consequence two tierces of those instances were because of heterosexual dealingss ( pg2 ) . The HIV transmittal hazards reported by the adult females included sex with an endovenous drug user ( 27 % ) , sex with seropositive spouse ( 60 % ) , sex with a spouse who had bartered sex for money or drugs ( 13 % ) , or sex with a homosexual or bisexual spouse ( 23 % ) . Twenty nine per centum of the adult females reported drugs during their life clip ( Gardner ; Preator, pg2 ) .

The aforesaid quotation mark has showed the assorted ways of undertaking the AIDS virus.

75 % of female patients that fall in to the afore stated classs mentioned were parents.

Many kids are orphaned due to the unwellness, they are the reffered to as AIDS orphans. These kids give the grounds of how many female parents die of AIDS by gauging the sum of kids that were given up for acceptance due to the decease of the female parent as a consequence of the epidemic. Surveies have shown it is estimated that there would 80,000 that would lose their female parents to AIDS and go an AIDS orphan. There are many concerns a female parent with AIDSs would hold, the undermentioned quotation mark portrays a few of them. Mothers with AIDS face a figure of psycho-social concerns, including fundss, lodging, wellness issues, decease and death, and concern for their kids with HIV. Their kids s hereafter, kid attention agreements when sick, guilt and ego incrimination for their inability to care for kids. As antecedently stated in the aforesaid quotation mark, a immense concern for a female parent infected with the virus is her kids. In many instances, kids are the motive that keeps their septic female parents contending to remain alive.

Mothers with AIDS hold a active spirit manner instead so the helpless/hopeless manner who many infected clasp. Even though kids do actuate their septic female parents volitions to populate they are besides seen as beginnings of emphasis and concern for the female parent. Motherhood alterations drastically as a consequence to being infected with the virus. The AIDS virus makes mundane humble undertakings hard to execute, particularly those that involved physical activity. An illustration of such is taking her childs to the park, training the kid and other duties similar to those mentioned. The virus can besides do stigma and isolation for he or she that has the virus, which could do the kid to endure from disregard which constantly affects the kid s good being. Another consequence of the virus is loss in the household s societal web, which brings the household apart ( Gardner ; Preator, pg5 ) .

The physical effects of AIDS on kids

AIDS could be the one of taking causes of decease in kids. Hydrogen

IV infected babies have a 25 % opportunity of developing AIDS before their first birthday and as clip passes the opportunities being septic additions, therefore by the kid s 5th birthday there is an 80 per centum opportunity of developing the virus ( Jacqueline Mok,1 ) . Once the virus is developed in a kid AIDS causes abnormalcies in the human organic structure and one of these abnormalcies is neurodevelopmental abnormalcies. Neurodevelopmental abnormalcies are normally found in paediatric AIDS, 78 % to 93 % of kids had this abnormalcy with the HIV infection. The kid s motor, cognitive, communicating, societal, and behavioural countries are all affected by the+ aforementioned abnormalcies. Although some of these developmental abnormalcies are a consequence of paediatric AIDS some are more common in kids than others. An illustration of such is a survey on 69 kids with the HIV virus. Most ( 65 % ) had some signifier of progressive neurological impairment. About 25 % had a more stable image of neurodevelopmental abnormalcies. Ten per centum appeared Ros have no gross neurological disfunction during the four- twelvemonth period. After the four twelvemonth period of carry oning this survey, the terminal resulted in the kids holding reached a tableland after a figure of old ages. What seemed at one point to be a patterned advance shortly came to a arrest when the consequences started to travel down hill. In footings of the kids s wellness and developmental accomplishments they easy deteriorated.

The information provided clearly indicates that there is a serious demand of interventions and medical engineerings to assist these guiltless victims that are born to decease ( Cohen ; Papola ; Alvarez pg2 ) .

Treating AIDS in adult females and kids

Surveies have shown that three drug combinations are extremely more effectual so if taken individually. The name given to these combination drugs is HAART ( Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy ) . Although a trial done on 76 patients showed no lessening of the viral burden in 30 % of adult females. This in fact, put the adult females in a worse status so they were in before the intervention because it was such a Lashkar-e-Taiba down. The survey showed work forces have a higher success rate so adult females. The ground being is because adult females have more CD4 ( + ) cells so a adult male. CD4 ( + ) cells are A protein embedded in the exterior of immune system cells called helper T-lymphocytes, or T cells. The protein allows scientists to place helper T cells, besides called T4 cells. The protein is besides used by HIV to infect these cells. The figure of T4 cells in a blood sample is used to mensurate the wellness of the immune system in people with HIV ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.aidsinfonyc.org ) . Womans have no pick but to accept these intervention along with therapy, because interventions are really scarce. There is besides the option of homeopathic interventions, but interventions like HAART are found to be the most successful ( Henderson, pg1 ) .

On the other manus, in the instance of kids the most popular intervention for the AIDS virus is the usage of chemotherapeutic agents like AZT ( Retrovir ) and ddl ( ddI ) . As aforementioned a the really serious consequence of HIV in big sum of kids was neurodevelopmental impairment and the drug AZT has been known for halting the impairment in HIV infected childs temporarily. Another indispensable signifier of intervention for the kid would psychological support. It is recommended that the whole household travel for therapy, these constituents are the most indispensable portion in the kid s intervention. The kid must besides be made to experience every bit normal as possible particularly in the school scene. The staff must look after the kid closely because of frequent unwellness and the gradual impairment that the kid will travel through perchance at school. Death and deceasing must besides be dealt with openly with the septic kid. ( Cohen ; Papola ; Alvarez pg2 )