Contentss

Introduction

1. Russian vacations: old and new traditions

1.1 Christmas and the guesswork, New Year and old new twelvemonth

1.2 Night of Ivan Kupala

1.3 Pancake hebdomad

1.4 New traditions: the Twenty Third of February and the Eighth of March

2. Representations about life rhythm and the traditions connected to it

2.1. Ancient representations about a birth, decease and the debut into a matrimony

2.2 Wedding traditions

3. Signs as a portion of Russian civilization

3.1 Role of marks in human life

3.2 Signs about the house and about domestic liquors

3.3 Household marks

Decision

Literature

Introduction

In ordinary consciousness “ civilization ” Acts of the Apostless as the corporate image uniting art, faith, scientific discipline, traditions, etc. But in a modern scientific discipline one of leaders is the anthropological rule, therefore it is of import to retrieve, that the construct of civilization designates the cosmopolitan attitude of the individual to the universe through which the individual creates the universe. Each civilization is the alone existence created by the certain attitude of the individual to the universe. Analyzing assorted civilizations, we investigate non merely books, cathedrals or archaeological discoveries, – we open for ourselves other human universes in which people lived, though we lived otherwise. Each civilization is a manner of originative self-fulfillment of the individual. Therefore comprehension of other civilizations non merely gives us new cognition, but besides acquaints us with traditions, imposts, world-outlook.

Tradition is that & # 171 ; that has passed from one coevals to another that is inherited from old coevalss ( e.g. , thoughts, sights, gustatory sensations, an image of actions, imposts ) & # 187 ; ( & # 1054 ; & # 1078 ; & # 1077 ; & # 1075 ; & # 1086 ; & # 1074 ; , & # 1064 ; & # 1074 ; & # 1077 ; & # 1076 ; & # 1086 ; & # 1074 ; & # 1072 ; , 1998, p. 806 ) , hence, talking about Russian traditions, it is necessary to advert imposts, ceremonials and traditional representations of Russian people, excessively. That allows us to unit such constructs as both imposts and ceremonials that have symbolical character and differ repeatability. Traditional representations are included in a circle of instances in point as these representations have formed a footing for the given ceremonials and imposts.

All over the universe there is a danger that in the nearest hereafter all civilizations can look similar. Motion to this featureless uniformity occurs already now. The saving and observation of the Russian traditions connected to marks is non merely practical advantage for a life and a life of the modern individual, but besides deliverance of his cultural heritage.

The figure of the traditions depicting civilization of the state includes both traditional representations about the universe and the ceremonials connected to these representations, and vacations, both old and modern. Today many research workers pay attending to the Russian traditions, which are included in figure of the most interesting 1s, such as national marks, traditions of life rhythm, Christmas and New Year and a figure of other traditional vacations.

1. Russian vacations: old and new traditions

1.1 Christmas and the guesswork, New Year and old new twelvemonth

The beautiful and grave vacation Christmas in Russia is closely connected to a meeting of New twelvemonth. In malice of the fact that Christmas celebrate and in all other Christian states, in Russia the vacation differs particular traditions, characteristic merely for our state.

In Russia Eve of Christmas is on the sixth of January. This twenty-four hours is the concluding one the Christmas station. The word Christmas Eve & # 8211 ; Sochelnik – occurs from a word & # 1089 ; & # 1086 ; & # 1095 ; & # 1080 ; & # 1074 ; & # 1086 ; . This is a ceremonial, ritual dish, which was obligatory for this eventide.

Centuries ago the tabular array was strewed hay, laid a fabric, in the centre of a tabular array they put a dish with 12 ritual dishes which should be equal to the figure of apostles. On a celebratory Russian tabular array there were battercakes, aspic, a fish, a hog with porridge, hot, honey gingerbreads by chances of household. On the Christmas Eve people did non eat all twenty-four hours long until the first eventide star rose, typifying the star which one time told us about Christ & # 8217 ; birth. In temples at these celebratory eventide hours at that place was a grave Godhead service… Despite of a church beginning of a vacation, in Russia the usage of singing particular vocals called & # 8220 ; kolyadki & # 8221 ; under Windowss was kept.

Kolyada is a word of heathen beginning. It symbolized worship the Sun giving birthrate and pleasance, and in these vocals people sang about natural phenomena: months, the Sun, electrical storms, wished a good harvest, happy matrimonies.

Thinking is the of import portion of Christmas yearss. Priests, and so Slavic prestidigitators were engaged in thinking, naming supernatural forces to open the hereafter. Gradually this ceremonial has steadfastly grown during a national life. It was possible to think at any clip, but as the existent “ true ” was considered to be on “ sacred yearss “ – 12 yearss from January, 7 boulder clay January, 19. This tradition can be explained by the importance of guesswork, foremost, to what on crisis of clip of old and New Year of the individual particularly aggressively involvements the hereafter. And 2nd, during this period evil spirit – fears, banniks ( particular strain house, the malicious spirit subsiding in a bath ) and others are most active and, therefore, are more accessible to reach. In fact it was possible to have from “ evil spirit ” the reply to inquiries during a guesswork, and here the chief thing to detect particular regulations of behavior. Otherwise it is possible and to be lost.

After the constitution of the Soviet authorization Christmas have ceased to play such of import function, as it was a vacation spiritual. Therefore New Year received particular popularity.

New twelvemonth during heathen times was celebrated in Russia on March 22 & # 8211 ; on the twenty-four hours of a spring equinox. With credence of Christianity in Russia the Byzantine calendar started to supplant bit by bit old. Now a new twelvemonth began on September 1. And January 1 became a vacation in 1700 when czar Peter I on the Red country has burnt a torch to the first New Year ‘s projectile, holding given a signal to opening festival and the statement of new custom. “ On noteworthy streets at a gate to do some decoration from trees and subdivisions pine, fur-tree… ” Illumination, burned fires and other amusements proceeded seven yearss.

Peoples didn & # 8217 ; t got used to a new vacation at one time. But the tsar steadily watched that the vacation on January, 1 was celebrated diligently as in other European states, and the one-year calendar has fixed this transmutation.

Was considered, that it will be the first twenty-four hours of the twelvemonth. Therefore it was necessary to set at the New Year eve all new apparels, to prorogue attentions and to hold fun with all the bosom all dark long. The house was decorated with a fur-tree. The usage to adorn a New Year tree is connected with the tradition of old Germanic folk that spirits disappear in evergreen fur-trees, and that we should give them some gifts to do them sort. The first public fur-tree in Russia has been lit in 1852 on Ekateringofskaya station in Petersburg. The traditional heroes of New Year are Grandfather the Frost, who symbolizes generousness and kindness, and the Snow Maiden, a symbol of a young person, pleasance, merriment.

And in connexion with passage to new calendar manner in Russia one more vacation has appeared – old New Year, hence Russian traditions give us a alone chance to observe New Year two times a twelvemonth.

1.2 Night of Ivan Kupala

On 6 for July 7 ( with 24 for June, 25 on old manner ) one of the most ancient and of import vacations of a Slavic calendar – Ivan Kupala, or Ivanov twenty-four hours is celebrated. The tradition of celebrating of Ivan Kupala has come to us from pagan religion.

This twenty-four hours – antediluvian Slavs & # 8217 ; thanked twenty-four hours of Dazhd’bog, the God of the Sun. But the name of a vacation occurs from a national discrepancy of a name of John the Baptist. It was a manner the Orthodox Church tried to get the better of pre-Christian imposts. Called Bathed, it is connected to verbs “ to bathe & # 8221 ; , “ to boil ” , because it was a vacation in honor of solar nuptials, and one of the properties of this nuptials was bathing of the Sun in H2O. Harmonizing to the ancient representations fire and H2O were a brother and & # 1091 ; sister whose symbol was the dark yellow and bluish flower known as Ivan-and-Maria, or the flower of & # 1050 ; upala.

On that twenty-four hours immature misss collected Kupala & # 8217 ; s flowers in forests and Fieldss as grass and flowers during the vacation served as the ornament of the small town. Bouquets, garlands, brooms were used besides in thinking. They were put on H2O and misss guessed about a matrimony, about life and decease or about the hereafter: if the garland will drop – to a problem, will drift – fortuitously.

At dark a immense fire was settled. Equally shortly as its fire inflames, immature work forces and misss, holding joined custodies, start to leap through him. After cheerful unit of ammunition dances the young person was sent to bathe. Ivan Kupala ‘s celebrating was needfully accompanied by bathing in the rivers and lakes, rinsing by H2O or dew, rinsing in baths. It was considered, that, rinsing with dew the face and custodies, the individual banishes unwellnesss.

Merely at this dark, one time a twelvemonth, fern begins to bloom, therefore it is traditional that on the dark of Ivan Kupala people searched for a flower of fern. Fern was considered to be one of the most cryptic and charming, charming workss. It was considered, that blooming fernnot merely do all the desires come true and besides helps to happen a hoarded wealth.

Besides at this dark it is possible to run into mermaids and enchantresss. It is considered, that mermaids receive particular force and can retreat on a riverbed everybody. Therefore the most beautiful misss to those mermaids were sort, did garlands of field colourss and started up them on H2O. Enchantresss at dark of Ivan Kupala gather on the Bald Mountain precisely at midnight. And they fly at that place on a expanse.

1.3 Pancake hebdomad

Pancake hebdomad is one of a few antediluvian heathen vacations of wires of winter kept in Russia and after credence of Christianity in X century. The battercake hebdomad falls at the hebdomad old to the Great station. Its get downing falls at the period from February 3 ( on January, 21 on old manner ) till March 14 ( on March, 1 on old manner ) .

The battercake hebdomad has been perceived by Christian church really as a spiritual vacation and has received the name Cheese, but it has non changed its internal kernel. During a battercake hebdomad the individual allocates psyche before a heavy and long Great station.

The battercake hebdomad is celebrated for plentiful and alimentary nutrient. Therefore there is nil bad in at this clip to treat, seek the diversified dishes and to non decline in anything. In a traditional life it was ever considered, that the individual, severely and tediously take this hebdomad, would be luckless within all twelvemonth. All the merriment events are considered to be a charming presage of the future wellbeing, prosperity and success in all concern, domestic and economic projects.

From legion regulations and recommendations that should be observed during this vacation, it is possible to call the basic. First, on a battercake hebdomad it is impossible to eat meat. The Myasojed ( the period of eating much meat, dividing a winter, Christmas station from spring, Great ) comes to an terminal, and Sunday before a battercake hebdomad starts in last afternoon when meat is allowed to eat. On a battercake hebdomad it is possible to eat dairy merchandises and fish. However the basic dish on a battercake hebdomad is, as is known, battercakes, which are made every twenty-four hours since Monday. This clip refers to as a broad battercake hebdomad.

The 2nd regulation Tells that the repast on a battercake hebdomad becomes the most of import signifier of a life. That is why people say, that at this clip it is necessary to eat as many times every bit frequently the Canis familiaris will beckon a tail. On the battercake hebdomad people do non merely eat much at place, but besides often see friends and relations and invite invitees.

But it & # 8217 ; s non merely the repast that makes sense of a battercake hebdomad. The battercake hebdomad allows dances, vocalizing, driving from mountains ( on particular trays ) , diverting battles ( types of a gaining control of a snow little town ) , firing of straw mans: before from straw, and subsequently from a snow on manners of “ snowmen ” , fires and many other things.

Driving in sleigh was instead popular, Equus caballuss and a harness were decorated harmonizing to the particular image: under arches of Equus caballuss suspend manus bells, and in dress suits and a mane intertwine with tapes. This driving on Equus caballuss was non merely a manner to demo the brave and all right Equus caballuss, but besides a traditionally female manner to boast of new things. The drive had particular value for misss who wanted to pull attending of grooms and the chief thing – of their parents.

Pancake hebdomad is non a one-day vacation. It is the whole hebdomad when the individual should non believe of work or any family jobs and personal businesss. It is necessary to hold merriment, walk and eat, holding postponed personal businesss up to the Great station.

On a battercake hebdomad it is necessary non to bury and about a freshly married twosome as at this clip it is accepted to compliment all braces, which have got married during last twelvemonth. Peoples had to give them gifts, play a fast one on them, retarding force in a snow, force to snog publically, see them out of the blue. And a freshly married twosome had to take portion in the festival and visit parents, leave “ to the populace ” , etc.

However the clip of a vacation sooner or subsequently comes to the terminal. The last twenty-four hours a vacation refers to Forgiven Sunday. This twenty-four hours it is accepted to implore forgiveness to learn other for all abuses caused during the twelvemonth and by that to be cleared of all iniquitous, to what the individual got used during the battercake hebdomad. This “ forgiveness ” base on ballss normally in such a manner: foremost the most younger are regretful about grown-ups, in reply grown-ups are regretful about the younger.

The forgiveness between native and familiar occurs in the eventide, upon expiration of all the amusements. Peoples say to each other: & # 171 ; Forgive me if I did anything incorrect to you & # 187 ; . The tradition to be regretful is distributed and on dead when on Sunday many people are sent on a graveyard, leave on the grave of their relations and friends battercakes.

1.4 New traditions: the Twenty Third of February and the Eighth of March

In Twenty century such vacations, as on February 23 and on March 8, by tradition considered adult male ‘s and female in the yearss became popular. But the history of these vacations now is about forgotten by people.

The twenty-four hours of guardians of Fatherland started to be celebrated in 1918 as the birthday of Red Army in memorialization of a triumph near Narva and Pskov in the war against the German vanquishers. Here it is necessary to retrieve, that International & # 8217 ; s authorization in Russia has been connected to the alteration of a calendar, hence the eighth of March harmonizing to the new manner is the February, 23, the old manner. When European International members marked celebrated the eighth of March “ , in Russia this twenty-four hours referred to 23 of February. Therefore in pre-Revolutionary old ages the members of the party have got used to observe the vacation on February 23. Then the calendar had changed, but at that place was a physiological reaction to observe something radical on February 23. In some old ages the vacation that was called “ Day of Red Army “ was created.

But it is a myth because on February 23, 1918 was non Red Army yet, and there were no its triumphs. Newspapers of the terminal of February 1918 do non incorporate any winning notes. And February newspapers of 1919 do non walk on air refering first day of remembrance of “ a great triumph “ . Merely in 1922 on February 23 it has been declared & # 8220 ; the Day of Red Army “ . However, one twelvemonth on February 23, 1918 “ the Truth ” writes that this twenty-four hours is a vacation: “ Long earlier war proletarian International has appointed on February, 23 the international female vacation “ .

However, to believe up to observing on February 23 covering it was necessary besides because “ February revolution “ on February 23, 1917 began. As Bolsheviks did non play the prima function, but however have accepted it, they were welcomed and brought to the calendar ; it was necessary to give other name to the twenty-four hours of “ overthrow of autarchy. It became “ the twenty-four hours of Red ground forces “ , and in due class twenty-four hours on February 23 & # 8211 ; nowadays the Day of the guardian of Fatherland – became a vacation of all work forces of Russia.

The international adult females ‘s twenty-four hours was primary a political vacation excessively. Everybody knows, that on March 8 the international adult females ‘s twenty-four hours is, though it is celebrated merely on the district of the former USSR. The history of this vacation is traditionally connected to Clara Tsetkin who has created the radical group dwelling of adult females, so to state has decided to utilize unmanageable energy of adult females on battle against users. And though its creative activity was concern of non one twenty-four hours, it has been solved to take a twenty-four hours which could be considered the Birthday of female labor. The pick of day of the month belonged to Clara Tsetkin who has managed to associate births of the new group fighting against unfairness with the history of Judaic people. They have rescued from a autocrat a batch of centuries ago. The one-year and most cheerful vacation of Judaic people is the vacation is devoted to it. It is celebrated on crisis from winter by the spring. Probably, that twelvemonth when the determination to get down to observe “ the International adult females ‘s twenty-four hours “ was accepted, this Judaic vacation had fallen on March 8. And the day of the month got accustomed. It was likely inconvenient to alter day of the month every twelvemonth. In the Soviet province this vacation was transformed wholly over once more to twenty-four hours of the radical adult female, and now it is celebrated merely as the beginning of spring, as twenty-four hours of worship the adult female, her beauty, her wisdom and everything, that is identified with muliebrity.

The vacations bing in modern Russia non merely stress one of the brightest characteristics of Russian civilization & # 8211 ; the connexion of heathen and Christian traditions, but besides reflect the outlook of Russian people.

2. Representations about life rhythm and the traditions connected to it

2.1. Ancient representations about a birth, decease and the debut into a matrimony

The construct of life rhythm includes the most of import phases of human life, such as birth and childhood, matrimony and decease, and traditions of life rhythm are

understood as the traditions straight connected to these events. In a footing of the bulk of traditions the thought of passage between the universes that is made by the individual being born, deceasing or get marrieding. The characteristic of these Russian traditions synthesis of heathen and Christian elements is a specific one.

The birth is represented as reaching of the kid to the tellurian universe and is considered to be the beginning of a new life in another universe.

Fortunes of a birth of the kid allow specifying his fate, hence often talking, that the kid was born under the lucky star, as stars were perceived as a receptacle of psyches died, but at the same clip and as a symbol of the female beginning, and besides contacted a anticipation of the hereafter. But the most known are the representations, connected to unusual fortunes of coming of the babe into the universe, for illustration, so called & # 8220 ; birth in a shirt & # 8221 ; .

There are some versions of an beginning of these representations. The first is connected to the fact that sometimes kids are born & # 171 ; in a shirt & # 187 ; – with the bubble that covers a organic structure or a caput of a newborn kid. The Russian call this environment “ a shirt ” . It is considered, that the individual who has been born in “ a shirt ” will be really happy and successful all his life. It is connected to that that in an antiquity people saw charming links between the individual and his apparels, and the word “ apparels ” is historically connected to such constructs, as hope and fate.

Besides the societal factor besides takes topographic point here, because 1 ) grownup people wear apparels, therefore the kid who has been given birth & # 171 ; in a shirt & # 187 ; , is non a usual kid, but one from the universe of ascendants ; 2 ) a newborn kid will be successful, as he was born non bare, as all kids, but already in apparels ( as in hapless households non all kids had a apparels, “ shirt ” was considered a symbol of wellbeing ) .

There is besides an account connected to ancient spiritual representations about the spirit-keeper. When the psyche descends on the land to take up human form, it is followed by its spirit-keeper ; in the beginning it stays in a shirt sometimes it happens that it is twisted around a caput of a newborn kid.

Mention of an kernel helping to the kid to continue in our universe, have found contemplation and in a traditional account of where kids come from ( the stork has brought ) .

The matrimony was besides considered to be a passage from one universe into another, as a new birth of the miss for a life in the other universe. Earlier pre-wedding traditions, such as the offer and battle had great value. So, before the debut into a matrimony it was necessary to inquire the parents of the bride for a manus of the girl and sometimes the bride herself for her understanding.

Funeral traditions besides reflect representations about passage of psyche of the dead into another universe and are connected to assorted facets of this passage. For illustration, it is accepted to bear the dead from a house legs frontward so that it could non happen the manner place, put a wineglass of vodka and staff of life because 40 more yearss the psyche is on the land.

2.2 Wedding traditions

It was accepted to get married to Russia rather early. It happened, that the age of the groom was from 12 boulder clay 13 old ages. In an early matrimony it was perfect natural, that the groom and the bride did non cognize each other up to a matrimony. The general moral constructs of that clip did non let immature people of both sexes to see each other and speak. The relations solved all this. Usually male parents and female parents of the groom personally chose a miss, informing the boy about it when marrying was already prepared.

But sometimes parents of the bride did the first measure. Wishing to get married the girl, parents sent to the groom a individual close to them, the matcher, if parents of the groom agreed started wooing by usual order.

First they looked, whether the bride is good, whether is clever. The groom could non see the bride before nuptials. If later the fraudulence with the bride opened, the matrimony could be terminated, but it happened really rarely.

Sometimes the groom insisted on the right to see the bride himself but so it was already about impossible to call off the nuptials.

After that there was an agreement – the first portion of a matrimony vacation or the debut to a jubilation. The parents of the bride appointed a particular twenty-four hours. Parents sat down against each other and kept silence for some proceedingss, so it was accepted. The agreement was made, the particular note where was written, that during such clip nuptials will take topographic point, and for the bride will acquire a concrete amount of money.

The money or some utile things, such as a bed, a frock, domestic utensils and decorations, people, money, the existent estate were ever the of import status of Russian nuptials. Nothing was required from the groom. This agreement had legal value. If the bride was from a hapless household and could non convey anything to the new house the groom himself transferred parents the bride some amount of money – the ancient usage did non let to take the bride without anything given.

On the twenty-four hours of a jubilation ( on the Eve or in the forenoon ) the matcher of the bride was sent in the house of the groom to fix matrimony to a box. There was a belief, those valorous magicians and enchantresss can convey a spoil and to catch malicious liquors in that house, where nuptials is being prepared. Different things were done to forestall it. It was necessary, that on a ceiling of the room for the freshly married there was no land that, therefore, the matrimony sleeping room did non resemble anything a grave. In the room chests with grain, wings were brought.

Before the nuptials in the church visitants and a newly-married twosome were invited to the tabular array, but sitting next the hereafter spouse the groom did non see the face of the bride as she was have oning a dense coverlet – a paradigm of a today ‘s head covering.

After marrying a banquet was arranged, the bride & # 8217 ; s face was already unfastened, and she should shout, and adult females and maidens sang sad vocals. Before go forthing a nuptials banquet the hubby, as a item of the authorization, struck the married woman & # 8217 ; s back. It symbolized that the immature adult female was given from one “ proprietor ” to another.

After that in due clip the immature hubby withdrew the immature married woman. Having remained entirely, the immature should put to death one more ancient usage: a ceremonial of taking off the places. It is a really ancient ceremonial, which has reached to Russian from heathen times. It was, that the married woman, as a item of humbleness, should take off the hubby boots. In one of a boot there was set a coin. If she managed foremost to take off that boot in which there was a coin, it meant, that there will be a felicity for the immature household, otherwise it meant, that she should delight the hubby and obey him all her life.

After marrying during several yearss ( sometimes about a month, depending on a solvency of households and local imposts ) observing took topographic point.

In modern Russia church nuptials has began popular once more, but it is non an obligatory portion of nuptials. But modern nuptials ceremonial consists of a plentifulness of traditional actions, get downing from old usage to reassign the bride through a threshold and completing with different games and competitions. There are specific traditions in every metropolis, excessively. So, in Petersburg there & # 8217 ; s a tradition to come on the nuptials twenty-four hours to the quay of the Neva and to some celebrated memorials, to go forth flowers at that place, to take exposures and imbibe bubbly.

The traditions connected to life rhythm are one of elements that are characteristic for all civilizations. Therefore, differentiations in these traditions allow seeing the national originality of imposts of the state.

civilization Christmas Russian

3. Signs as a portion of Russian civilization

3.1 Role of marks in human life

W & # 1091 ; can & # 8217 ; Ts make a measure without marks. So popular adage says. And the word mark occurs from a word “ to detect ” , i.e. to detect. As a consequence of supervising of what occurs in the universe around us people collect life experience. This cognition comes from coevals to coevals who carefully stored them and trusted them as to the sacred book.

The most portion of suspirations came up to us from immemorial clip, non holding lost the cognition. Everything, that is connected to marks, incorporated someplace profoundly in our bomber consciousness. Frequently we recollect them automatically, unconsciously or merely for merriment. But, doubtless, in marks a set of exact cognition and practical wisdom of our ascendants is saved. They cover the characteristic, the natural phenomena that frequently take topographic point and other inside informations of our mundane life. In marks it was kept much, that were in old national vacations and imposts, they help to calculate conditions, to convey up a harvest. Except all it in marks there is a alone poesy in which we can see the really head, bosom, an mentality of the Russian people, their critical manner, their originality.

Some marks, which are considered Russian, have appeared non in Russia. Many of them have remained since olden yearss, as the heritage of our ascendants, people with whom we had to happen common ways of life and exchange imposts with other peoples. Till now there are the marks similar with Roman 1s. These are such marks as use to wish wellness when the individual sneezes, pealing in ears, belief to that to slop out salt on a tabular array & # 8211 ; non for better, etc. All this is indistinguishable with former Roman imposts.

3.2 Signs about the house and about domestic liquors

The house is the most sacred and expensive, that each individual has in his life. He who will build the house is the proprietor, but besides in any manner we can non advert some mystical forces, which dependably and genuinely continue the house and is the true proprietor and even a member of household. First of all this is known for every one since the childhood the spirit of the house – Domovoj. Cipher knows where precisely he lives, but everyone knows, that it can turn into any animate being. Sometimes Domovoj is described as a little small adult male with remarkably thick custodies and legs, all in wool. Harmonizing to the visual aspect of that house spirit people can judge prosperity in the house. If his paw is bare it means poorness. There exists a belief, that the cat – the relation of the house spirit and replaces it when that leaves on personal businesss. That is why the provincial, acquiring a kitty, chooses it carefully, choosing such picture which corresponds to colour of hair of the proprietor of a house. This spirit can play fast ones on people: to confound hair on the caput of the kiping individual, to throw tools, to conceal things. It is besides considered, that Domovoj becomes seen before approaching nearer bad luck. And sometimes tilts on the proprietor at dark and starts to suppress, warning of fast alterations in life. For deliverance it is necessary to read a pray.

It & # 8217 ; s cognize that Domovoj has a married woman. She can bitterly shout at dark to a problem. And they have many sisters and the brothers populating in the house and around of him. They are liquors of bath, of a barn, of the Fieldss and some others.

Whence all these liquors have undertaken, the ancient fable tells us. The first people, Adam and Eve, after their autumn gave birth to the kids who were so ugly. Adam wanted to throw them into the Euphrates River ; Eve interceded for the kids and asked the hubby non to kill them and to conceal so that no 1 could see them. Since that clip all these kids were scattered all over the universe. They are hidden from people, and merely on occasion they play some dirty fast ones. But if the individual is sort to them and reckons with their presence they help them.

The spirit of a wood who misdirects people in a wood and frightens them, and the spirit of H2O, lakes and rivers, and mermaids, everlastingly immature and beautiful misss with long hair who lived in castles at the underside of the rivers & # 8211 ; they all are such liquors and each of them is really interesting in its ain manner, therefore it is possible to talk about them really much. That & # 8217 ; s why all the liquors and the mermaid have become heroes of Russian national faery narratives.

3.3. Family marks

There is a set of marks connected to household responsibilities. It is good known, that a broom with the coppice turned upwards frightens off wicked liquors, and the door that all of a sudden begins to whine brings misfortune, the drape has torn – to be to dispute between girlfriends, the icon – to decease ; if the room flowers grow well it means that the household will populate in peace, but melting flowers bring problems into the house ; a piece of soap on the bosom under the shirt rescues from harm. One shouldn & # 8217 ; t throw dust through a window or pour out swills because there is an angel under the window. If one tongue in the oven fire he & # 8217 ; ll acquire bubbles on his lingua. If the miss likes to sit on a windowsill she won & # 8217 ; t acquire married in the nearest hereafter. The keys put on a tabular array, do non convey anything good, stopped hours promises some alterations in one & # 8217 ; s life, and a fur coat fallen from a hanger is the beginning of a big wrangle in household.

But the most interesting thing is the mirror. Since the antediluvian times the mirror was considered to be one of the conundrums of human innovations. In sentiment of conservativists, the mirror in the house is a wickedness. Nowadays everybody knows that go forthing place you should look into it, feigning to make a dual to guard the house. That regulation is particularly of import if you had to come back place in the really beginning of the twenty-four hours.

Popular marks give us some advise about cookery and reaching of visitants and behaviour behind a tabular array, excessively. Bread should be cut on the tabular array, otherwise famine come into the house. If there & # 8217 ; re some little bubbles in a cup it means that you will acquire some money shortly. But if you want the mark will come true you should roll up all these little bubbles with a spoon and pour it out on your caput & # 8230 ; This list of marks is ceaseless.

Many marks are connected to insects that can be found in the house. For illustration, ruddy cockroaches bring heartache, but black 1s mean acquiring a gift. Rats bring unfortunate events in the house, and the fly appeared in the winter – to the dead adult male.

Many marks are connected to New Year. It & # 8217 ; s considered that if on the Eve of New Year in the house there & # 8217 ; s adequate money and they are non lent, you will non hold no demand in them all following twelvemonth. If on New Year you put on something new the approaching twelvemonth will be successful. He, whose pockets are empty on New Year, will populate in demand. On a New Year ‘s tabular array at that place should be much repast and drinks so that in the following twelvemonth the prosperity was in the house. It is impossible to borrow money before New Year under any conditions otherwise all following twelvemonth you & # 8217 ; ll acquire debts. If the first who comes into the house in the New Year forenoon is a adult male the coming twelvemonth will convey felicity, but if it & # 8217 ; s a adult female – on the contrary. On a new twelvemonth ‘s Eve it is impossible to dispute, curse or shout, or to travel to bed early, as there is a mark: as you meet New twelvemonth so you will populate all the twelvemonth. Last wineglass before New Year, juicy of a bottle, will convey success to the 1 who will imbibe it. Before New Year it is non necessary to bear dust from your house, otherwise in the coming twelvemonth at that place will be no felicity.

National marks are a bright characteristic of national civilization, and in Russia ancient traditional representations about live are reflected in marks, so they are important and existent for the bulk of people till presents.

Decision

The civilization is a cosmopolitan manner of originative self-fulfillment of the individual, aspiration to happen sense of a human life. The civilization appears at the individual as the semantic universe, which inspires people and rallies them in some community ( the state, spiritual or professional group, etc. ) . This semantic universe reflected in traditions and folklore is transferred from coevals to coevals and defines a manner of life and attitude to other people.

In a footing of such a semantic universe the dominating sense, a semantic dominant of civilization ballads. The semantic dominant of civilization is that chief sense, the general attitude of the individual to the universe, which defines character of all other senses and attitudes. These attitudes are besides underlined by national traditions. They can be realized otherwise, but the presence of semantic integrity gives unity to everything, that and that people do in their lives. Uniting and animating people, traditions give them non merely the general manner of comprehension of the universe, but besides a manner of common apprehension and empathy, a linguistic communication for look of the most delicate motions of psyche. It is impossible to analyze civilization in all its facets at one time, but it is possible to apportion, understand and analyze dominating sense, its basic constituents. And farther it is necessary to analyze assorted ways of its realisation, to turn to to the inside informations and concrete signifiers of its incarnation, to national creativeness, to art, to traditions.

Today scientists pay much attending to analyzing of duologue of civilizations. But such a duologue is possible because the beginning of all civilizations is a individual with his catholicity and freedom. The individual can otherwise recognize the originative beginning, and completeness of his originative self-expression is reached by creative activity and usage of assorted cultural signifiers. And traditions represent the signifiers of religious civilization, and in which of them the kernel of human life is expressed in specific manner. This duologue is non between civilizations themselves, but between people for which the corresponding civilizations are outlined specific semantic and symbolical boundary lines with the aid of traditions. Each civilization is alone, and each civilization has its true. Analyzing of the civilization of a native land will assist non merely to understand better its ain traditions, but besides to analyse the characteristics of civilizations of other states more profoundly.

Literature Literature

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