What are the advantage of CNG over gasoline and Diesel engine? Answer:
CNG engines create less pollution than gasoline and Diesel engines. As it is utilizing compress natural gas power develops more than the others and besides develops more torsion in the engine. which leads to give a lower fuel ingestion. |

| | The Advantages of Compressed Natural Gas
The Environmentally Clean Advantage | Compressed natural gas is the cleanest combustion fuel runing today. This means less vehicle care and longer engine life. | | CNG vehicles produce the fewest emanations of any motor fuel. | | Dedicated Natural Gas Vehicles ( NGV ) have small or no emanations during fueling. In gasolene vehicles. fueling emanations account for at least 50 % of a vehicle’s sum hydrocarbon emanations. | | CNG produces significantly less pollutants than Petrol & A ; Diesel. | | Tailpipe emanations from gasolene operated autos let go of C dioxide. which contributes to planetary heating. This is greatly reduced with natural gas. | The Maintenance Advantage | Some fleet operators have reduced care costs by every bit much as 40 % by change overing their vehicles to CNG. | | Time intervals between warm-ups for natural gas vehicles are extended 30. 000 to 50. 000 stat mis. | | Time intervals between oil alterations for natural gas vehicles are dramatically extended–anywhere from 10. 000 to 25. 000 extra stat mis depending on how the vehicle is used. | | Natural gas does non respond to metals the manner gasolene does. so pipes and silencers last much longer. | The Performance Advantage | Natural gas gives the same milage as Petrol in a born-again vehicle. | | Dedicated CNG engines are superior in public presentation to Petrol engines. | | CNG has an octane evaluation of 130 and has a little efficiency advantage over Petrol. | | Because CNG is already in a gaseous province. CNG Vehicles have superior starting and drivability. even under terrible hot and cold conditions conditions. | | CNG Vehicles experience less knocking and no vapour locking. | The CNG Cost Advantage | Natural gas is cheaper per equivalent gallon than Petrol ( an norm of 50 % less than Petrol ) . | The Safety Advantage | Surveys indicate that CNGVehicles are as safe or safer than those powered by other fuels. A 1992 Australian Gas Assocition study of more than 8. 000 vehicles found that with more than 278 million stat mis traveled. CNG Vehicle hurt rates per vehicle stat mi traveled were 34 % lower than the rate for Petrol Vehicles. There were no human deaths reported–even though these vehicles were involved in over 1. 800 hits. | The Financial Incentive Advantage | Some States offers a 50 % investing revenue enhancement recognition for each vehicle converted to natural gas. This 50 % recognition on province income revenue enhancement features a three-year. carry-forward option. | | A federal revenue enhancement tax write-off is besides available for the cost of transition. | CNG Conversions

Converting a Petrol-Powered auto to CNG requires merely minor engine alterations. To larn more about change overing your auto. delight reach a certified CNG transition technician. What are the major benefits of natural gas as a transit fuel?

EconomicsOn a gallon-equivalent footing. natural gas costs an norm of 50 to 60 per centum less than Petrol and Diesel. Natural gas is a clean-burning fuel that reduces vehicle care. Many CNG Vehicle proprietors report that oil alterations are needed merely every 15. 000 Km. Standard flicker stopper last every bit long as 60. 000 Km. Natural gas. unlike liquid fuels. can non be siphoned from a vehicle. Fuel larceny is an ongoing concern of fleet directors. Vehicles can be “fast filled” in five to six proceedingss utilizing compressed gas stored in Cascadess of natural gas cylinders or fueled nightlong on a “timed fill” footing in approximately five to eight hours. Many private fleet fueling Stationss use a combination of fast fill and timed fill. | EmissionsNatural gas is the cleanest combustion alternate fuel. Exhaust emanations from CNG Vehicles are much lower than those from tantamount Petrol-powered vehicles. For case. CNG Vehicle emanations of C monoxide are about 70 per centum lower. non-methane organic gas emanations are 89 per centum lower. and oxides of N emanations are 87 per centum lower. In add-on to these decreases in pollutants. CNG Vehicles besides emit significantly lower sums of nursery gases and toxins than do Petrol vehicles.

Dedicated CNG Vehicles produce small or no evaporative emanations during fueling and usage. For Petrol vehicles. evaporative and fueling emanations account for at least 50 per centum of a vehicle’s sum hydrocarbon emanations. Dedicated CNG Vehicles besides can cut down C dioxide exhaust emanations by
about 20 per centum.

Exposure to the degrees of suspended all right particulate affair found in many U. S. metropoliss has been shown to increase the hazard of respiratory unwellness. Diesel fumes is under reappraisal as a risky air pollutant. Natural gas engines produce merely bantam sums of this affair.

Greenhouse GasesPer unit of energy. natural gas contains less C than any other dodo fuel. and therefore green goodss lower CO2 emanations per vehicle stat mi traveled. While natural gas vehicles ( CNG Vehicles ) do emit methane. another rule nursery gas. any little addition in methane emanations would be more than offset by a significant decrease in CO2 emanations compared to other fuels.

CNG Vehicles besides emit really low degrees of C monoxide ( about 70 per centum lower than a comparable Petrol vehicle ) and volatile organic compounds. Although these two pollutants are non themselves greenhouse gases. they play an of import function in assisting to interrupt down methane and some other nursery gases in the ambiance. and therefore increase the planetary rate of methane decomposition. SafetyVehicles that run on clean firing natural gas are every bit safe as vehicles runing on traditional fuels such as Petrol. In fact. many school transit directors choose natural gas to power their school coachs because tight natural gas. unlike Petrol. dissipates into the ambiance in the event of an accident. Petrol pools on the land making a fire jeopardy.

In the US a study was taken of more than 8. 000 vehicles that cumulatively traveled about 278 million stat mis from 1987-1990. The study found that the hurt rate for CNG Vehicles per vehicular stat mi traveled ( VMT ) was 37 per centum lower than the rate for Petrol-powered fleet vehicles and 34 per centum lower than the full population of registered Petrol vehicles. In add-on to the lower hurt rate. no deceases were recorded for the CNG Vehicles in the study. In contrast the deceases associated with the Petrol fleet vehicles surveyed came to 1. 28 deceases per 100 million VMT. The US national norm was 2. 2 deceases per 100 million VMT for all U. S. Petrol
vehicles.

There are two cardinal grounds for this first-class CNG Vehicle safety record: the structural unity of the CNG Vehicle fuel system and the physical qualities of natural gas as a fuel.

The fuel storage cylinders used in CNG Vehicles are much stronger than gasolene fuel armored combat vehicles. The design of CNG Vehicle cylinders are subjected to a figure of federally required “severe abuse” trials. such as heat and force per unit area extremes. gunshot. hits and fires.

While fuel storage cylinders are stronger than Petrol fuel armored combat vehicles. the composite stuff used to incase the armored combat vehicles are basically more susceptible to physical harm than metals under opprobrious conditions. For this ground. composite stuffs on CNG Vehicle cylinders must ever be decently handled and protected. Incidents affecting natural gas cylinder ruptures revealed that some signifier of chemical onslaught or physical harm to the composite overwrap on the cylinder was involved.

CNG Vehicle fuel systems are “sealed. ” which prevents any spills or evaporative losingss. Even if a leak were to happen in an CNG Vehicle fuel system. the natural gas would disperse into the ambiance because it is lighter than air.

Natural gas has a high ignition temperature. about 650 ? C. compared with approximately 350 ? C for Petrol. It besides has a narrow scope of flammability ; that is. in concentrations in air below approximately 5 % and above approximately 15 % . natural gas will non fire. The high ignition temperature and limited flammability scope make inadvertent ignition or burning of natural gas unlikely.

Natural gas is non toxic or caustic and will non pollute land H2O. Natural gas burning produces no important aldehydes or other air toxins. which are a concern in gasolene and some other alternate fuels.

The natural gas bringing system besides has an first-class — and proved — safety
record. Harmonizing to statistics from the U. S. Department of Transportation. the 1. 9 million Km natural gas transmittal and distribution system is the safest manner to transport energy in the United States.

CNG Vehicles use the same energy that has safely and comfortably heated places and cooked repasts for more than 100 old ages. Where are CNG Vehicles used now?

Approximately 100. 000 CNG Vehicles are on U. S. roads today. CNG Vehicles have a long-established record in Europe. Canada. New Zealand and Australia. every bit good. Italy has been utilizing natural gas as a vehicular fuel since the 1940s. with more than 350. 000 CNG Vehicles. In Canada. about 20. 000 CNG Vehicles operate with a web of 220 public fueling Stationss. Argentina has 680. 000 CNG Vehicles. and Russia has more than 30. 000. Worldwide. about two million CNG Vehicles are in usage. in states now including Uzbekistan. Venezuela. Mexico. the Philippines and Indonesia. How do CNG Vehicles work?

The lone major difference between a Petrol vehicle and an CNG Vehicle is the fuel system. Natural gas is compressed to between 3. 000 and 3. 600 lbs per square inch ( 200 saloon ) and is stored on board the vehicle in cylinders installed in the rear. undercarriage. or on the roof. When natural gas is required by the engine. it leaves the cylinders. base on ballss through a maestro manual shut-off valve and travels through a hard-hitting fuel regulator located in the engine compartment. The natural gas is injected at atmospheric force per unit area through a specially designed natural gas sociable where it is decently assorted with air. Natural gas so flows into the engine’s burning chamber and is ignited to make the power required to drive the vehicle. Particular solenoid-operated valves prevent the gas from come ining the engine when it is shut off. What about the vehicle’s power?

Petrol vehicles converted to natural gas are capable to a little power loss when running on natural gas ; nevertheless. vehicles designed specifically to run on natural gas will hold no loss of power and may even hold greater power and efficiency. Natural gas has a 130 octane evaluation. compared with 87 to 96 octane evaluation of Petrol. How much energy does Compressed Natural gas release compared to petrol?

A direct reply to your inquiry is that the energy content of natural gas ( CNG ) is about 47 MJ/kg or 40 MJ/m3. ( gross heating value ) . The values for a typical gasoline are 60 MJ/kg and 44 MJ/liter. Another comparing on an energy footing is that 1 kilogram of CNG is tantamount to about 1. 33 litre of gasoline or 1. 22 litre of Diesel. Or on a volume footing 1 M3 of CNG is tantamount to about 1. 10 L of gasoline or 1. 0 L of Diesel. When doing comparings you may besides necessitate to take into history the comparative energy efficiency of the engines that use the assorted fuels. Generally engines that are designed for natural gas fuel are somewhat more efficient than a similar gasoline engine ( because they can run at a higher compaction ratio ) . The CNG and diesel engines of similar size will hold a much the same thermic efficiency. What is the stat mis per gallon equivalent of natural gas compared to gasoline?

If the CNG Vehicle is an original Equipment Manufacturer ( OEM ) theoretical account. it will hold been designed to do the most of the first-class belongingss of Natural Gas – eg it will hold a higher compaction ratio than the gasoline theoretical account and different ignition timing – and you could anticipate to see an betterment in public presentation and fuel ingestion on an energy footing. This might be approximately 5 % or more. Of class you might so drive faster. and non hold any advantage. If the auto has been converted from Petrol to CNG and you can take to run on either fuel ( ie a bi-fuel vehicle ) so it is non possible to do the most of the higher octane evaluation of the CNG. In this instance the alteration in fuel ingestion will depend really much on the vehicle and engine design and on the transition equipment used and how it is tuned. In this instance you might anticipate an addition of perchance 5 % in ingestion. However the melody may be optimized to a peculiar power and velocity scope and if you can hit this you might acquire a little betterment. There may be more range to accomplish this on a high capacity engine with militias of power. On a smaller engine there may be a noticeable bead in power and your ingestion could increase if you try to fit the old on-road public presentation. Cylinders in Accidents

A pressurized gas cylinder is likely the strongest constituent on the vehicle. Vehicles that wholly destroyed in hits show the lone discernable constituent being the integral gas cylinder. It is improbable that
cylinders will tear due to collision impact. Sing the danger of fire from leaking cylinders. all we have is the experience to day of the month that indicates that such an event is improbable to happen. In North America there was a job with leaking type 4 designs from a peculiar maker. but there has ne’er been an resulting fire. The hazard of fire from leaking cylinders must be low since there are good over a million CNG vehicle installings worldwide that have non experienced such jobs. It is deserving indicating out that natural gas is lighter than air and in the improbable event of a leak from shrieking or container the gas will disperse upwards rather rapidly. In the instance of gasoline and LPG the bluess given off is heavier than air and will be given to pool near the land. This is where there is a strong hazard of some ignition beginning. In general footings diesel ranks high in footings of safety. but most people rank Natural Gas next. What are the factors which affect the fuel efficiency of CNG?

In the first topographic point allow us name the energy content of the fuels you mention. Using units of MJ per kg. the net warming values of gasoline. Diesel. LPG and CNG are about 45. 43. 46. and 44 ; the net warming value does non include the heat in the H2O vapour of the burning merchandises. If you look up the gross warming values – which do include this. the values are different ( higher ) . So the differences between the fuels are non big. But the values will besides change rather a batch depending on the composing of the fuel – peculiarly for CNG and LPG. We now need to see the manner in which different engines use the fuels – in peculiar the efficiency. The engine thermic efficiency is a map of many different factors but possibly the most of import one is the engine compaction ratio. The higher the compaction ratio the higher is the theoretical and besides the existent efficiency. The maximal compaction ratio ( CR ) different fuels can digest in fact defines the efficiency. Since Diesel used in a compaction ignition engine can run at state 14:1 the Diesel will be expected to hold the highest efficiency – Lashkar-e-Taibas say 40 % as an upper bound. The following highest efficiency in the fuels comes from CNG. which can run at state 12:1. with an efficiency of say 35 % . It is possible to run an engine on CNG at 14:1 but that is the really upper bound. We would non anticipate to be able to run gasoline and LPG engines at much more than 9:1 and an efficiency of approximately 30 % .

These efficiencies are the upper bounds and at full burden – in normal operation they will be lower than the values quoted. but in much the same proportion. The chief ground for the differences is the fluctuation in restricting CR for the different fuels. So here is a starting point for a treatment of the differences in efficiency. Equally far as fuel energy comparings go ( and this does non take into history the different engine efficiencies ) . 1 kilogram of CNG is tantamount to about 1. 33 litres of gasoline or 1. 22 litres of Diesel – but of class occupies a greater volume. Or 1 three-dimensional metre of CNG at atmospheric force per unit area is tantamount to 1. 10 litres of gasoline and 1. 00 litres of Diesel. Note that there are a batch of other factors that we have non considered – for illustration the Diesel engine will be much heavier than the other engines. and the Petrol fuels will necessitate force per unit area vass to incorporate them. Having established how much energy you get from the different fuels and how expeditiously the different engines can utilize the fuels. you will be able happen out how much they cost and so work out a cost per kilometer or stat mi. In many states CNG will come out as best value and that Diesel will be following. followed by LPG and so gasoline. But monetary values do change a great trade. By the way if you have a gasoline engine that has been converted to utilize CNG you will non accomplish the high efficiency quoted above because the compaction ratio will be fixed at the degree required for gasoline – you will merely acquire the benefit of higher efficiency in an OEM. What are the economic sciences of little vehicle transition?

In really general footings the smaller the vehicle the thirster is the payback period for the cost of transition. This is because the fuel ingestion – and hence nest eggs – for the smaller vehicles is lower. and at the same clip the cost of transition does non travel down much with vehicle size. The cost of the fuel control system stays much the same and the monetary value of a smaller storage cylinder will non be much lower ( and in a little vehicle it is more hard to happen a infinite for the cylinder ) . It may be hard to warrant the transition on an economic footing. but this does depend on one-year milage. Make a unsmooth amount on the footing of salvaging half ( or whatever the monetary value derived function is in your country ) of your fuel costs in a twelvemonth. You should anticipate better than a three twelvemonth payback on the footing of economic sciences. Environmental benefits and lower care costs will be little. Check where you would be able to happen infinite for the storage cylinder which must be sized to run into commuter demands. And of class allow something for the satisfaction of cognizing that you are take downing your end product of hydrocarbon emanations. Is driving about with cylinders full of gas under force per unit area unsafe?

Thick-walled reinforced aluminium cylinders. steel cylinders or 100 % composite stuffs are used to hive away tight natural gas ( CNG ) as a vehicle fuel. These cylinders are manufactured and tested in conformity with rigorous ordinances. and have withstood terrible maltreatment proving under conditions far more rigorous than armored combat vehicles designed for hive awaying gasolene. Natural gas vehicles submitted to prove clangs up to 52 stat mis per hr. which have been wholly destroyed. but show small or no harm to the compressed gas cylinders ( CNG ) . Bonfire and dynamite trials push cylinders to temperature and force per unit areas transcending specified bounds demoing that tight natural gas ( CNG ) cylinders are lasting and safe. Of class. as with all fuel systems. these cylinders are non indestructible and should be inspected sporadically to guarantee that no surface harm has occurred. In which states are natural gas vehicles popular?

Natural gas as a vehicle fuel has a long and established record in Europe. Canada. New Zealand. Australia. and in the U. S. A. Other states are acknowledging the benefits of CNG Vehicle’s. and program to spread out the usage of CNG Vehicle. In Europe. Italy has been utilizing natural gas as a vehicle fuel since the 1920’s and has approximately 370. 000 CNG Vehicle’s. The Italians have a web of 280 make fulling Stationss to back up their usage of tight natural gas ( CNG ) . Russia has approximately 75. 000 CNG Vehicle’s and a fuelling web of some 250 Stationss. Outside of these states. there are now several thousand CNG Vehicle’s in Europe and a easy turning fuelling station substructure. Argentina has 700. 000 CNG Vehicle’s – the largest fleet in the universe – and is change overing more than 3. 000 vehicles a month and has over 950 fuelling Stationss in operation and more than 100 under development. Venezuela has a national CNG Vehicle coders and will be put ining 60 fuelling Stationss and change overing vehicles. Canada has approximately 36. 000 vehicles converted to natural gas. and the government-supported NGV coder has created a figure of inducements. The Canadian authorities provides hard currency inducements for fleets to change over their vehicles. and hopes to utilize CNG for 10 % of the full country’s hereafter vehicle fuel demands. In the U. S. A. there are now about 68. 000 vehicles fuelled on natural gas. Natural gas vehicles have been in usage there since the late sixtiess. but comparative monetary values with gasolene and state-of-the-art engineerings are merely now doing natural gas economically and technologically competitory with gasolene vehicles. There are about 1. 200 private and public refueling Stationss. What are the transition factors for natural gas?

Methane values are fixed and can be found in any chemical enchiridion. while the composing of natural gas varies with beginning and clip so seek to happen a local value. Approximately. 1kg CNG is tantamount to about 1. 33 litres ( L ) of gasoline or 1. 22 L Diesel. And 1 copper metre of CNG is tantamount to about 1. 10 L of gasoline or 1. 00 L Diesel.