Deep Ocean Trenches Essay, Research Paper

Deep Ocean Trench

A trench is any long, narrow, steep-sided depression in the ocean underside. The deepest known depression of this sort is

the Mariana Trench, which lies E of the Mariana Islands in the western North Pacific Ocean. Of the Earth & # 8217 ; s 20 major trenches, 17 are found in the Pacific. The lone Atlantic trenches are the Puerto Rico Trench North of the Caribbean islands and the South Sandwich Trench E of Drake Passage between South America and Antarctica. The individual major Indian Ocean trench is the Java Trench South of Indonesia.

The cross subdivisions of trenches by and large are V-shaped with steeper landward sides. Geophysical informations provide of import

hints refering the beginning of trenches. No abnormalcies in the flow of internal Earth heat or fluctuations in the Earth & # 8217 ; s magnetic

field occur at trenches. Preciseness measurings reveal that the force of gravitation by and large is lower than normal. Small measures of brown or ruddy clay, which are marks of organic remains, volcanic ash and lapilli, and coarse, graded beds are found in the trench. Large sums of remains can non construct up because they either are dragged into the Earth & # 8217 ; s interior or are distorted into folded multitudes and molded into new stuff of the continents.

Deep trench in the sea bed bespeaking the presence of a destructive border ( produced by the motions of home base tectonics ) . The dragging downwards of one home base of the lithosphere beneath another means that the ocean floor is pulled down. Ocean trenches are found around the border of the Pacific Ocean and the northeasterly Indian Ocean ; minor 1s occur in the Caribbean and near the Falkland Islands.

Ocean trenches represent the deepest parts of the ocean floor, the deepest being the Mariana Trench which has a deepness of

11,034 m/36,201 ft. At deepnesss of below 6 km/3.6 myocardial infarction there is no light and really high force per unit area ; ocean trenches are inhabited by

crustaceans, cnidarians ( for illustration, sea windflowers ) , polychaetes ( a type of worm ) , molluscs, and echinoderms.

Mariana Trench ( depression in the floor of the Pacific Ocean ) , the deepest seafloor depression in the universe. It is located merely E of the Mariana Islands in the western portion of the ocean basin. The Mariana Trench is an arc-shaped vale widening by and large northeast to southwest for about 2500 kilometer ; its mean breadth is about 70 kilometer. The Mariana is one of many deepwater ocean trenches formed by the geologic procedure of subduction near its southwesterly appendage, approximately 338 km sou’-west of the island of Guam, is the deepest point on Earth. This point, the Challenger Deep, is estimated to be 11,033 thousand deep. The Challenger Deep was named after HMS Challenger II, the vas of those who discovered the point in 1948.

In January 1960

Swiss ocean applied scientist Jacques Piccard and United States Navy Lieutenant Donald Walsh descended into the Challenger Deep in the French-built, U.S. Navy-operated bathyscape Trieste. Piccard whose male parent, Auguste Piccard, invented the bathyscape and Walsh took the Trieste to a deepness of 10,915 m, the deepest descent in history.

Caribbean Sea, ( arm of the Atlantic Ocean ) , partly enclosed on the North and E by the islands of the West Indies, and bounded on the South by South America and Panama, and on the West by Central America. The name of the sea is derived from the Carib people, who inhabited the country when Spanish adventurers arrived at that place in the fifteenth century. The Caribbean is about 2415 kilometer long E and West and between approximately 640 and 1450 kilometer broad. It has an country of about 1,942,500 sq kilometer. At the northwesterly it is connected with the Gulf of Mexico by the Yucat n Channel, ( a transition about 193 kilometers broad between Cuba and the Yucat n Peninsula ) . The Windward Passage between Cuba and Haiti is a major transporting path between the United States and the Panama Canal. Many gulfs and bays indent the coastline of South America, notably the Gulf of Venezuela, which carries tidal Waterss to Lake Maracaibo in Venezuela. With a few exclusions the full Caribbean Basin is more than 1830 m ( more than 6000 foot ) deep. Large countries of the sea exceed 3660 m ( 12,000 foot ) in deepness ; the greatest deepness measured therefore far is Cayman Trench ( 7535 m/24,720 foot ) between Jamaica and Cayman Islands. Navigation is unfastened and clear, doing the Caribbean a major trade path for Latin American states. The chief pelagic current in the Caribbean Sea is an extension of the North Equatorial and South Equatorial currents, which enter the sea at the southeasterly appendage and flow in a by and large northwesterly way. A popular resort country, the Caribbean Sea is noted for its mild tropical clime.

Trenchs exist in the ocean floor running beside the continents environing the Pacific Ocean. How does enlargement explicate these? Certain channels discovered on lake undersides appear to be created by the roots of ice floats, so heavy that they deeply scraped the underside as they moved. It is prudent to presume that the mountain ranges around the Pacific Ocean besides have roots. It appears that an ejection event in this country has forced the environing land up into mountains through a side push. The mountain roots may hold prevented the magma to make full in the countries & # 8212 ; the trenches & # 8212 ; left along the shifted land. As good, speedy chilling after the event, caused by H2O with high salt content ( after ejection the ocean H2O would cover the continents up to 12,000 pess, harmonizing to legion beginnings ) made the top magma excessively sulky to make full up to the general degree, therefore go forthing the trenches empty. If subduction did occur, there would be no trenches. They would be filled with the sedimentary dust of the ocean floor ( Carey ) .