It is recognized that the first opposition was the treachery of pan-Arab chauvinistic aspirations in order to save western economic and political involvements. It was in the twelvemonth 1917. when the Ottomans allied themselves with the Germans against the Gallic and British imperiums. In what Antonios ( 1938/1946 ) . This was known as the “Arab Awakening’ . where there is a description of how Shareef Hussein of Mecca. allied themselves with the British and the Gallic. They were besides found revolting against the Ottomans.
Similarly. they besides helped set an terminal to a regulation that continued for more than four centuries. This apprehension was based on a pact between Arabs and the Allies. This was a British promise made to Shareef Hussein – a pan-Arab Meccan leader – where the Arabs were seen as a autonomous state on the ruins of the Ottoman imperium. Returning the gesture for this promise. the Arabs revolted against the Ottoman imperium which has fallen under the control of the ‘Young Turks’ . However. the Europeans had another docket that they wanted to implement.
They seemingly had other programs for the part. had other programs for the part. Writer Said ( 1993 ) notes that. “the Arabs after emancipating themselves from the Ottomans in 1917 and 1918. took British promises for independency as the actual truth” ( Said. 1993. p. 247 ) . Antonios ( 1938/1946 ) depict what happened at the San Remo conference where British and Gallic leaders changed the geographics of the part: Whatever else may be said of the San Remo determinations [ of spring 1920. in which “the whole of the Arab Rectangle lying between the Mediterranean and the
Iranian frontier was to be placed under compulsory rule” ] . they [ Alliess meeting in San Remo ] did go against the general rules proclaimed and the particular promises made by the Allies. and more peculiarly by Britain. The intent of the pledges given in secret is now known: … with that the Arabs had come into the War and made their part and their forfeits. and that fact entirely sufficed to turn the corresponding duty into a debt of award. What the San Remo did was. in consequence. to disregard the debt and come to determinations which. on all the indispensable points. an counter to the wants of the peoples concerned ( 305-6 ) .
It was this San Remo understanding between the British and the Gallic that placed the Arabs under their regulation. This was to the basis of the animus between the two. This encouraged the British and therefore the Arab-Israeli struggle happened for 65 old ages ( Hourani. 1991 ) . The British leaders besides gave promises to the Arab leaders which became known as the Balfour Declaration. This gave Zionists the promise of holding a place in Palestine. This treachery by the West was sown profoundly in the Black Marias of the Arabs.
Therefore. at the bosom of the Arab patriotism is a narrative of treachery and acrimonious letdown. ( Aforesaid 1981 ) . Colonialism was no longer called as that. It came to be known as colonialism and more treacheries came as the Arabs were betrayed when a sudden control of Arabs by Muslim non-Arab Ottomans was replaced by the non-Muslim Europeans. The earnestness of this state of affairs was enhanced by the fact that Arab militants were misled into assisting helping the Europeans in their ain acceptance of colonial regulation.
The British and Gallic colonialists suppressed national motions within the olonized states. silenced voices for national independency and self-government and installed local marionette leaders to assist stamp down Arab populations in the freshly created provinces. Colonialism is the act of one political province in influencing and exerting its power on a weaker state. go oning to command its resources and the citizens of that state. In fact. it became a pattern that extended far and broad by the powerful European provinces during the ulterior half of the 19th century and most of these settlements were finally granted its independency.
However. the powerful states exerted its influence as it created enduring impact on former settlements. Colonialism helped determine the universe today. ( Colonialism ) . Approximately 20 percent oil exports of the Persian Gulf base on balls through the port of Rotterdam. there is an consciousness that the Dutch will hold their economic importance in sing that there will be a smooth flow of pilotage through the waterway. Meanwhile. in Brussels. Prime Minister Wilfried Martens announced that Belgium will direct two minesweepers and a support ship to the gulf. These ships will run south and E of Qatar under British protection.
This mission will last for four and a half months ( Markham ) . The mission of the other frigates will be to protect Italian ships after a grenade onslaught happened on an Italian merchandiser ship. This was nevertheless. non a welcome move as the flotilla was sent “without enthusiasm. ” Their contention is that there is no 1 who looks frontward any military action in Italy. But the Goria authorities was obliged non merely because of its European Alliess but besides because of the demands from the socialist leader and former premier curate. Bettino Craxi. ( Markham ) .
Meanwhile. in Paris. Defense Minister Andre Giraud revealed that three minesweepers went to France on Aug. 17 with a support vas that operated in the gulf of Oman. The minesweepers were dispatched on Aug. 11 and the Gallic functionaries said they would be confined at Gulf of Aden. which is some 1. 000 stat mis south-west of the Persian Gulf part. A Gallic fleet at the Djibouti seldom penetrates the Persian Gulf and does non attach to Gallic ships through the waterway. Military was non the lone factor that influenced France to direct its minesweepers to its fleet.
France’s determination to add minesweepers to its fleet was non prompted entirely by military considerations. It is considered that France and Iran have been at odds over an Persian diplomat who had some cognition about terrorist act. It was on July 17 when France broke diplomatic dealingss with Iran. even as nine Gallic diplomats are still sureties in the embassy in Teheran. ( Markham ) . As one looks at the present European colonialism. it is worthwhile to analyze the history of the European settlers in the yesteryear. The alterations in European society began with a series of spiritual wars called the Crusades.
From 1095 to about 1300. European Christians fought Muslims. people who believed in the faith of Islam. Christian fought to derive control of Jerusalem and other countries they believed were sanctums. The Crusades took Europeans to the Mediterranean country. nor’-east Africa. and southwest Asia. There they discovered Italian and Arab merchandisers in control of busy trade centres. These merchandisers traded spices. all right silks and treasures from India. China and Japan. Word of these wealths excited Europeans and they dreamed of trading with Asia themselves.
Besides dreams of wealths. Europeans had other grounds for desiring to open paths to Asia and Africa. They saw geographic expedition as a manner to distribute Christianity. The Crusades had non won Jerusalem from the Muslims. However. Europeans had non lost their crusading spirit. They were certain that Christianity was the lone true faith. Therefore. they believed it was their responsibility to change over all non-Christians to Christianity. With the spread of Islam in the 7th century AD. the Arab universe came into the spotlight.
Soon plenty. the Arabic linguistic communication became the chief communicating of the Arabs who shared a sense of affinity with history. This paper looks into six Gulf States and the possibilities/risks/benefits that a Western company faces as it undertakings making concern in the Gulf parts. These states include Qatar. Bahrain. Saudi Arabia. United Arab Emirates. Kuwait and Oman. It will first analyse what a company needs to cognize before making concern in that part. To estimate this needs an overview of the region’s civilization. authorities and society.
Supplying a model of mention. the research worker will so dig into the possible hazards that the company may confront every bit good as its benefits. From at that place. the research worker hopes to place which part is the most hazardous and most good to come in into a concern venture. Interspersed along the manner are illustrations of companies who have already done concern in the part so that the reader is afforded informations on existent company experiences. ( Making Business in Qatar ) . The first oil find in Qatar occurred in 1939. which gave Qatar a per capita GDP equal to that of some West European industrialized states.
When this happened. there was a alteration in control and wealth into Qatar. The debut of different policies in pricing showed the economic value of oil. Therefore began the uninterrupted flow of wealth into this little Kingdom. And what is alone to Qatar is that it is non merely from oil but more late from the monolithic natural gas militias that is soon under development ( Making Business in Qatar ) . We are speaking here of recoverable oil militias of 15 to 23 billion barrels and natural gas militias estimated to transcend 900 trillion three-dimensional pess.
And to believe that a state that holds this wealth possess a population of less than a million people of whom merely over 200. 000 are Qatari citizens. Sing a little part. Qatar is besides an first-class start-up market. Its societal substructure and physical velocity of development offer attractive chances for states interested in set uping its concern in a great possible country. One can merely conceive of the enormousness of its oil militias when it is revealed that Qatar today holds oil and gas militias that should last another 300 old ages.
Qatar’s recent development has been closely aligned to the rise and autumn of international oil monetary values This is because oil production represents about 85 % of the country’s entire income. 55 % of its GDP and 70 % of the authorities grosss. ” ( Making Business in Qatar ) . During the Middle Ages. the Muslim states of the Middle East had exerted its control of the East-West trade. But this dramatically changed in the 15th century. The Portuguese were able to do long journeys because they possessed hips with deep hulls that stood stable in high seas.
They were able to travel longer than the usual paths and = down the West seashore of Africa until they found their manner around the southern tip of the continent doing contact with Muslim metropoliss. Besides in the East Africa. the Portuguese were able to acquire Arab sailing masters to take them across to India. where they settled themselves in Calicut on the Malabar Coast in the southwesterly portion of the state. ( The Age of Colonialism. Qatar ) .
Today. considered by many as interrelated with colonialism or as the new signifier of imperialism. globalization pertains to “a procedure of increasing integrating between units around the universe. This definition encompasses nation-states. corporations. families. and other organisations. The construct of globalization emerged from three forces for development. to humor: ( 1 ) the function of human migration. ( 2 ) international trade. and ( 3 ) rapid motions of capital and integrating of fiscal markets ( Wikipedia 2007 ) .
Cheung. mentioning an OECD paper. explained globalization as follows: … a displacement from a universe of distinguishable national economic systems to a planetary economic system in which production is internationalized and fiscal capital flows freely nd immediately between states and driven by the information revolution that has helped get the better of national barriers so that even the model of societal policies impacting single citizens is going more sensitive to international influences. including the planetary new media ( as cited in Cheung 1997. p. 437 ) . Written by John A. Hobson in 1902. imperialism is considered as a political-economic discourse. Basically. this claimed that the pursuit for imperial enlargement is motivated by geographic expeditions for new investing chances and markets from coast-to-coast.
For Hobson. the “taproot of imperialism” is found in industrial oligarchy and non in chauvinistic pride. He farther averred that imperialism. in a capitalist society. “is a consequence of the maldistribution of wealth that created a desire to distribute markets in hunt of profit” ( Wikipedia 2007 ) . Looking at the history of the western influence and the uninterrupted political determinations of the West in Arab states during the past century. it can be gleaned that this has set the phase for more tensenesss and misgiving of the West by the Arab people.
Many Arab national motions had adopted an anti-western political address. The involvements of the West have non jibed with that of the Gulf parts. ( Alkadry ) . In the post-colonial period. the confrontation with the Arab with Europe was transformed into a confrontation between the Arabs and the United States. It was said that the Arabs in the post-colonial epoch were in one of three cantonments: “repressive governments friendly to the United States. repressive governments non friendly to the United States. and busying governments that are sustained economically and militarily by the United States. ”
