Located on the Bankss of the Buriganga River lies Dhaka ; the capital metropolis of Bangladesh. This megacity is the seventh largest thickly settled metropolis in the universe. with an estimated population of 15 million. harmonizing to the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. It is expected to make a astonishing population of 25 million by 2025 ( turning at a fast rate of 4. 2 % per twelvemonth ) . The figure of Dhaka City’s immature population is comparatively high due to the age selective rural-urban migration. About 40 % of the entire city’s population is in the unproductive age groups of 0-14 and 60+ old ages of age ; bespeaking a high dependence load on the on the job age population. This high dependence among the city’s population causes poorness. particularly among the lower income groups in the metropolis. Under the force per unit area of its quickly swelling population. this megacity faces lifting existent estate monetary values. exponentially turning slums. unemployment. development. corruptness. hapless quality lodging installations. unequal clean H2O supply and hapless sanitation.

These are all similar challenges experienced by other mega-cities. Modern Dhaka is the Centre of political. cultural and economic life in Bangladesh and has the most developed urban substructure in the universe. The metropolis has a turning in-between category population. driving the market for modern consumer and luxury goods. This makes Dhaka a primate metropolis i. e. a metropolis that wholly dominates other urban Centres within the state. The metropolis is located in cardinal Bangladesh and lies on the lower ranges of the Ganges Delta. covering a entire country of 360km2. Dhaka may be one of the worst located urban countries in the universe ; it is located in wetlands and virtually surrounded by some of the greatest rivers in the universe. The lowest parts of the metropolis are little more than 2m above sea degree. doing the metropolis prone to serious implosion therapy. Below is an illustration of the hazard of inundation in Dhaka.

As you can see in Figure 7. the countries prone to deluging are greater than that of the 1s that are NOT prone to implosion therapy. This besides means that necessary urban enlargement will go really expensive and the addition in slum colonies will go more acute. The rapid enlargement and growing rate of Dhaka City is constrained by these physical barriers i. e. low-lying inundation prone countries around the metropolis and besides valuable agricultural and forested land will hold to be sacrificed in order to increase the country of the metropolis. These jobs make the state of affairs worse for Dhaka than it already is. As a professor said in an interview about Dhaka and its rate of growing. “all the concern installations are available merely in the capital” . there is no uncertainty that a really rapid urban growing ( along with a fast addition in population and structural development ) started to take topographic point. For the 1000000s of rural hapless. the population of the metropolis. Dhaka is increasing quickly due to rural-urban migration. Low-income migratory people have come from rural countries in hunt of occupation and urban comfortss. Compared to any other topographic point in the state. Dhaka offers the best opportunity for economic chance ; administrative central office and civil employments. fiscal and banking services. internal commercialism and concern are all mostly concentrated in Dhaka.

More than 80 % of garment industries in Bangladesh are located in Dhaka. Despite the growing of formal sector industrial and other employment. Dhaka is dominated by the presence of immense informal sector of economic activities. It is estimated that approximately 65 % of all employment in the metropolis is in the informal sector. Many of the low income groups seek chances in the informal sector in order to do their life. A big figure of people are involved with the informal economic system of rickshaw pulling. wayside concern. debris roll uping. drivers. mechanics. carpenters. Barbers. day-to-day laborers. personal retainers etc. These assorted economic activities and assortment of services tend to back up a uninterrupted inflow of rural-urban migration. A big section of the migratory population tends to be unskilled. uneducated and inadequately equipped for the metropolis. These migrators migrate with outlooks of a better life and instruction or anything to carry through their demands and desires which the rural countries of Bangladesh can non supply.

Obviously. migration to Dhaka causes economic. societal and cultural betterments for some people but unluckily the bulk of these migrators constitute the hapless. As a effect of this quickly turning rural-urban migration to Dhaka ( reeling 56. 5 % rate of population growing ) in the last decennary there have been instances of declining urban lodging state of affairss ( peculiarly for the lower income groups ) . deficit of urban land. hapless economic system and high degrees of poorness. The urban benefits fail to profit the bulk of the hapless migrators. As rural people are poorer than the urban people. many people fail to afford the life disbursals of Dhaka city’s residential countries. As a consequence of this. an inauspicious consequence has occurred where a big figure of people have settled in slums and homesteader colonies ( estimation of 35 % of Dhaka metropolis population ) . Dhaka metropolis entirely contains about 3. 4 million people in 4966 slums. The overcrowding of people has created terrible force per unit area on the bing societal and physical substructures and its absorbing capacities.

The province of Dhaka’s substructure is unequal and unable to maintain up with the turning urban force per unit area.

The overall physical environment in an urban country is by and large determined by some specific installations such as lodging. sanitation. sewage. drainage. quality of H2O. gas supply. electricity. refuse disposal and waste ; all of these which Dhaka metropolis deficiency or at an highly unsatisfactory. hapless quality. This is due to the rapid addition of the quickly turning rate of rural-urban migration population. The metropolis is characterized by high degree of poorness and societal exposure. deficit of lodging. substructure and societal services. hapless quality of physical and societal environment and inefficient urban direction. Several challenges faced by those populating in Dhaka include: chronic deficit of lodging. congestion in public conveyance. acute crisis in supply of H2O. gas and electricity. Deficit of lodging installations and development of slums and chunky colonies: * Deficit of lodging is acute as the predominating state of affairs fails to suit the quickly turning metropolis population * Slums and homesteader colonies are widespread

* Most of slums of Dhaka are composed of the rural migrators who have come to the metropolis in hunt of occupations and for the interest of survival * This state of affairs consequences in them populating in slums or homesteader colonies * Most slums and homesteaders have a individual room for an full household which is highly unhealthy and insanitary * The slums are built out of constructing stuffs such as bamboo. wood. straw and garbages * They have hapless lighting and airing which can do airborne diseases * Social offense is by and large associated

Gas and electric supply:
* Do non hold entree to gas supply
* Use traditional ways for cooking such as utilizing fuel like wood. straw. cow droppings and waste paper Water supply and sanitation installation:
* 49 % if the population have entree to shriek H2O supply * 51 % depend on the private manus pumps and unspecified beginnings * Peoples populating in slums to non even hold entree to shriek H2O * The piped H2O is insecure to imbibe straight. this causes wellness hazards * Merely a little part of the rich have entree to a sewage system * Large figure of slum or homesteaders use unfastened infinite. ditches and drains for laxation Garbage disposal and waste direction:

* No proper agreement of aggregation and disposal of refuse * Waste is dumped on unfastened countries. fresh land and ditched into close H2O organic structures * Merely 9 % of slum population have entree to blow direction services * Environmental debasement and wellness jobs arise