Purpose: To find the sum of glucose in three unknown samples viz. A. B and C INTRODUCTION:
Biological molecules are held together by covalent bonds. H bonds among others bonds in assorted ways to bring forth big molecules called supermolecules. Simple organic compounds and supermolecules molecules vary in construction and can be distinguished by their functional groups. Molecules of a certain category have similar chemical belongingss because they have the same functional group. A chemical trial that is sensitive to that group can be used to place molecules that are in that category. There are besides trials which measure the measure of the peculiar biological molecule nowadays in the substance. This was done so that one can be aware of the measures of certain biological molecules come ining the organic structure. This consciousness can forestall and command diseases such as diabetes mellitus which is a status where blood sugar degree is non controlled right and affected people take insulin to assist to command their glucose degrees and prove their blood to find the degree of glucose in it.

There are a assortment of different ways in which blood glucose degree can be measured. It is frequently of import to mensurate the concentration of glucose in a solution. In this experiment a assortment of solutions will be tested for the glucose concentration of known value and a graph. drawn to demo the consequences. This type of graph is known as a Standard Curve. This graph will so be used to gauge the glucose concentration in an unknown solution. This is the method which was used in hospital labs to mensurate the glucose degree in blood samples. Glucose ( C6H12O6 ) is a monosaccharide reduction sugar. In this reaction the glucose readily donates negatrons which are accepted by the permanganate doing it to alter coloring material. The clip taken for the pink coloring material of the K permanganate to vanish one time the glucose solution has been added will be measured. MATERIALS/APPRATUS:

Materials: six ( 6 ) controlled solutions incorporating 90 % . 80 % . 70 % . 60 % . 50 % . 40 % glucose. three ( 3 ) samples A. B and C. sulfuric acid. K permanganate. H2O. Apparatus: six ( 6 ) boiling tubings. boiling tube base. halt ticker. nine ( 9 ) beakers. mensurating cylinder. 5cm syringe. 1cm syringe. two ( 2 ) glass rods. tape. white paper Procedure:

First six controlled samples were tested by pouring 10cm3 ( 10 centimetres cubed ) of the 90 % glucose into the mensurating cylinder so puting it into the boiling tubing. following 5cm3 ( five centimetres cubed ) of the sulfuric acid was measured with the syringe and added to the control of 90 % glucose in the boiling tube the timer was so set and 1cm3 ( one centimetre cubed ) of K permanganate was measured and was at the same time added while the timer was started. The mixture was so stirred with a glass rod until it was colorless to verify this ; a piece of white paper was placed behind the boiling tubing to corroborate the transparence the clip the mixture took to go transparent was so recorded. This process was repeated for the remainder of control samples that is 80 % . 70 % . 60 % . 50 % . and 40 % and was done twice for truth the both times recorded were so averaged. Finally when all of the consequences of the controls were recorded the trial was repeated on the samples A. B and C and compared to that of the controls to obtain how much sugar was present within the samples. Consequence:

Table 2. 0: Table Screening THE TIMES RECORDED DURING THE CONTROL TESTS AND THE AVERAGE OF THE TWO TIMES RECORDED GLUCOSE CONTROL PERCENTTEST1 ( seconds ) TEST2 ( seconds ) CALCULATIONSAVERAGE 90 % 194 198 ( 194+198 ) /2196

80 % 245249 ( 245+249 ) /2247
70 % 270270 ( 270+270 ) /2270
60 % 290288 ( 290+288 ) /2289
50 % 310312 ( 310+312 ) /2311
40 % 342344 ( 342+344 ) /2343

Table 2. 1: Table Screening THE TIMES RECORDED DURING THE SAMPLE TESTS AT A PARTICULAR LEVEL OF CONCENTRATION SAMPLETIME ( SECONDS )
RATIOS ( SAMPLE: Water )
5:53:71:9
A1. 5615
B2720
C1510

Discussion:
In this experiment sulfuric acid and K permanganate were added to glucose solutions. the clip it took for the violet pink coloring material of the K permanganate to bleach demo how long it took for a certain per centum of glucose to bleach therefore leting a clip bound in 2nd to be put to a measure of glucose. SULFURIC ACID WAS USE TO BREAK DOWN… .

In the consequences we can see that the violet pink solution of K permanganate ( MnO4- ) was reduced to a colorless solution of manganese ions ( Mn2+ ) . MnO4- + 8H+ + 5e- ? Mn2+ + 4H2O
From violet pink. to a colorless solution.

As a consequence of this reaction the glucose is oxidised. Potassium permanganate is used as a qualitative trial for the presence of dual or ternary bonds in a molecule. since the reaction decolourises the permanganate solution. Glucose ( C6H12O6 ) is a monosaccharide reduction sugar. In this reaction the glucose readily donates negatrons which are accepted by the permanganate doing it to alter coloring material. The clip taken for the loss of coloring material from a standardized solution of permanganate is straight related to the concentration of glucose nowadays in solution. In order for the experiment to be balanced there were three types of variables that need to be taken into consideration. These are the independent variables. dependent variables and the fixed variables. Independent variables such as the cut downing sugars used were measured accurately and the same sum of each were put into each boiling tubing besides the mensurating cylinder was washed exhaustively to forestall the concentration controls from blending because that could do the chemical reaction to be sped up or slowed down giving the wrong clip reading. Due to the fact that these variables such as the cut downing sugars the measurings of the sugars are being controlled they have to be accurate. Another country of the experiment where inaccuracy can happen is dependent variables.

The dependent variables in this experiment are the clip it takes the solution to bleach. In order for the experiment to be precise the point of decolourisation has to be defined. This was done by utilizing a white piece of paper and seting it behind the trial tubing and comparing the solution to the paper. Fixed variables such as ; temperature. volumes of sulfuric acid. volume of K permanganate. the glucose and H2O were taken into consideration. The volumes of the sulfuric acid and K permanganate were measured exactly. The timing of the stop watch besides has to be accurate and therefore was done at the same time with the adding of the K permanganate. When the unknown sample were tested foremost the reaction took topographic point to rapidly for the alteration to be recorded with the available engineering in add-on to the samples restrictions such as ; the samples incorporating other ingredients such as sucrose coloring and additives which would hold sped up the chemical reaction therefore the sample was diluted ( with H2O ) foremost at a ratio of five centimetres cubed ( 5cm3 ) sample to five centimetres cubed ( 5cm3 ) H2O. 5:5. so three centimetres cubed ( 3cm3 ) sample to seven centimetres cubed ( 7cm3 ) H2O. 3:7 and eventually one centimetre cubed ( 1cm3 ) sample to nine centimetres cubed ( 9cm3 ) H2O. 1:9 The chief observation in this experiment was the coloring material alterations from purple to unclutter. This was done with the bare oculus and it is in this country where mistakes in truth occurred.

To halt inaccuracy the debut of white paper behind the trial tubing helped find when the solution has decolourised. The measurings of the consequences were changed from the numerical Numberss received on the stop watch to seconds. This was done for both the control and samples. To do the consequences more accurate a colourimeter could hold been used. A colourimeter is a machine that is used to see how much visible radiation can go through through a liquid. It shows how much visible radiation is being transmitted through a sample of liquid. As the figure of cells gets higher. less light will be transmitted through the sample. Particular thin walled trial tubings are used in the colourimeter so that they do non impact the sum of light go throughing through the sample.

This could hold both positive and negative effects on the experiment if the usage of the colourimeter were to happen so every solution would hold to be carried out in the cuvetts. This would be hard as they are really little and all the sums of assorted sugars and chemicals would hold to be changed to suit into the cuvetts. Another country in which mistakes might happen is the readings of the metre. If there are abrasions on the cuvetts it can alter the reading on the colourimeter. In add-on a major safeguard chapeau should hold been taken into consideration are the additives. saccharose. coloring and other chemicals that were present in the sample which sped up the chemical reaction disenabling us to accurately find the sum of glucose nowadays in the sample. Decision:

It can be concluded that glucose was present in the samples nevertheless a significant decision can non be made because the purpose of the experiment was to find how much glucose was present in three samples via comparing it to the controls in the experiment. due to the safeguards that were non taken the samples can non be compared to the controls therefore the hypothesis was unsuccessfully tested.