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1.
U.K.
Political system
1.2 The British Parliament
2. The flag and the national emblems of Great Britain
3. Tows, industry and agribusiness
4. British institutes 4. British institutes
5. Education in Britain 5. Education in Britain
6
.
Traditions and vacations of Great Britain
7. Sports in Great Britain 7. Sports in Great Britain
8. British Literature 8. British Literature
9. Topographic points of Interest in Great Britain 9. Topographic points of Interest in Great Britain
10. The British constabulary
11. Conveyance in Britain
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list
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)
Introduction
Object mine work & # 8211 ; analyze experience life and traditions of Great Britain.
I leave today for little journey.
And why do we larn the English linguistic communication?
I learn English because I understand that I can utilize it. For illustration, if I go to England I & # 8217 ; ll be able to talk English at that place. If I go to the USA and the Great Britain, I & # 8217 ; ll talk English excessively. English is used non merely in England but besides in other parts of the universe.
I learn English because I want to read foreign literature in the original.
I like to go but it is hard to see states, when you don & # 8217 ; t know the linguistic communication spoken at that place.
For illustration, if we have a journey in Great Britain.
THE LAND AND THE PEOPLE.
The UK of Great Britain and Northern Ireland occupies the district of the British Isles. It consists of 4 chief states which are England, Scotland, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Their capitals are London, Cardiff and Belfast.
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the official name of the province which is sometimes referred to as Great Britain or Britain ( after it major island ) , England ( after its major historic portion or the British Isles.
The UK is an Island province it is composed of some 5.500 islands, big and little. The two chief islands are: Great Britain to the E and Ireland to the West. They are separated by the Irish Sea.
The country of the UK is 244,100 square kilometer. It is situated off to the northwest seashore of Europe between the Atlantic Ocean on the North and the North Sea on the E and is separated from the European continent by the English Channel ( or La Manche ) and the Straits of Dover ( or Pas de Calais ) .
The population of the UK is over 57 mln. people. The UK is inhabited by the English, the Scots, the Welsh and the Irish who constitute the British state. English is non the lone linguistic communication. Scots, Welsh and Irish are besides used.
The flag of the UK is known as the Union Jack. It has its history. It all began in 1603 when Scotland was joined to England and Wales. The flag is made up of 3 crosses. The unsloped cross is the Cross of St. George the frequenter saint of England. The white diagonal cross is the cross of St.Andrew, the frequenter saint of Scotland. The ruddy diagonal cross is the cross is the cross of St. Patrick, the frequenter saint of Ireland. All of them are on the blue background.
The national anthem is & # 8220 ; God Save the Queen & # 8221 ; . The national currency is lb.
Geographically the island of Great Britain is subdivided into 2 chief parts: Lowland Britain and Highland Britain. Lowland Britain comprises southern and eastern England. Highland Britain consists of Scotland, most of Wales, the Pennines ( or the Pennine Chain ) and the Lake District.
The highest mountain top is Ben Nevis in Scotland. The main rivers of Great Britain are: the Severn, dividing England and Wales, the Thames ( the longest and the deepest 1 ) . The swiftest flowing river is the Spray. Besides the Tweed is celebrated ( the woollen cloth is made here ) .
There are many lakes in Great Britain. The Lake District is the most beautiful.
The largest are London, Birmingham, Glasgow, Liverpool, Bristol, Leeds, Cardiff.
The capitals are: London in England, Edinburgh in Scotland, Cardiff in Wales and Belfast in Northern Ireland.
Every state has its ain national emblem. The ruddy rose is the national emblem of England the thistle is the national emblem of Scotland the Narcissus pseudonarcissuss and the scallion are the emblems of Wales and the white clover ( a sort of trefoil ) is the emblem of Ireland.
1.
U.K.
political system
The U.K of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a parliamentary democracy with a constitutional sovereign, Queen Elizabeth II as caput of province. The variety meats of authorities are: Parliament, the executive and the bench. The legislative assembly, Parliament, is the supreme authorization. It comprises 2 Chamberss – the House of Lords and House of Commons – together with the Queen in her constitutional function.
The executive consists of the cardinal Government – that is the Prime-Minister and Cabinet and other curates who are responsible for iniating and directing the national policy, authorities sections, local governments, and public corporations. The judiciary determines common I am and interpret position and is independent of both the legislative assembly and executive.
The Government derive its authorization from the elected House of Commons. A general election. For all seats in the House of Commons, must be aid every 5 old ages. The Government is usually formed by the political party which is supported by the bulk in the House of Commons. The Party & # 8217 ; s leader is appointed Prime-Minister by the Queen. He chooses a squad of curates of whom 20 or so are in the Cabinet. The 2nd largest party becomes the official resistance with its ain leader and Shadow Cabinet. The House of Commons comprises members from the constituencies in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland who represent people whose history and traditions differ.
The House of Lords is a hereditory Chamber.
1.2
The British Parliament
There are four states in the United Kingdom: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.
Laws in Great Britain are made by Parliament. It consists of two Chambers: the House of Commons and the House of Lords.
The House of Commons is more of import as it governs the state. The members of the House of Commons are elected by secret ballot. They belong to different political parties. The chief parties are the Conservative Party and the Labour Party. The main executive is the Prime curate. He heads the Government but is non the Head of State.
Great Britain is a monarchy and the Head of State is a sovereign whose power is limited by Parliament. The Prime Minister is normally the leader of the Party that has a bulk in the House of Commons. Each new Prime Minister can do alteration in his cabinet, appoint new curates and do other alterations.
The Prime Minister takes policy determinations with the understanding of his curates. He frequently holds Cabinet Meetings at his official abode at No10 Downing Street which is really near the Hoses of Parliament in Westminster.
The power of the Cabinet is controlled by Parliament.
There are two Chamberss in the British Parliament and they are called Houses & # 8211 ; the House of Lords and the House of Commons.
In the House of Lords one can see the throne on which the Queen sits when she opens Parliament. One can besides see the woolsack on which the Lord Chancellor sits. The fact is that for hundred of old ages wool had been known as one of the most of import exports of Great Britain.
The House of Commons does non look every bit glorious as the House of Lords with its beautiful ruddy benches.
Each Chamber has galleries. Seatings in the galleries are reserved for the usage of the populace. In the linguistic communication of the Parliament they are called & # 8220 ; aliens & # 8221 ; .
The Stranger & # 8217 ; s gallery is in the House of Commons.
The Speaker sits on the green chair given to the Commons of Australia. On the Speaker & # 8217 ; s chair there is a switch that puts on the visible radiation in the Clock Tower above & # 8220 ; Big Ben & # 8221 ; to state Londoners that Parliament is in session.
The Prime Minister & # 8217 ; s place is on the Government forepart bench which is on the Speaker & # 8217 ; s right. On the Speaker & # 8217 ; s left one can see the Opposition forepart bench.
2. The flag and the national emblems of Great Britain
The flag of the United Kingdom is frequently called the Union Flag, or the Union Jack.
It consists of several flags.
In 1603 Scotland was joined to England and Wales.
The Scots Flag, St.Andrew & # 8217 ; s Cross ( the frequenter saint of Scotland0, blue with a white cross from corner to corner, was joined to the English flag, St.George & # 8217 ; s Cross ( the frequenter saint of England ) , white with a ruddy unsloped cross.
Subsequently, in 1801, the Irish Flag of St.Patrick & # 8217 ; s Cross ( the frequenter of Ireland ) was added, white with a ruddy cross from corner to corner.
As for the national emblems of Great Britain they are really unusual and surprising.
Everybody knows about the War of the Roses ( 1455-1485 ) , which was led between the two contending Houses for the English throne.
The emblem of one of them, the Lancastrians, was the ruddy rose, and the emblem of the Yorkists was the white rose.
Since the terminal of this war the red rose has been the national emblem of England.
The people of Scotland chose the thistle as their national emblem.
They say that it saved their land from foreign encroachers many old ages ago.
This happened so.
During a surprise dark onslaught by the encroachers the Scots soldiers were awakened by the cries of one of the encroachers, whose au naturel pess stepped on the irritants of the thistle.
The dismay was given and shortly the Scots won triumph over the enemy, and the thistle became their national emblem.
The small white clover is the national emblem of the Irish.
It is worn in memory of St. Patrick, Irelands frequenter saint.
A fable says that St. Patrick used a little green white clover when he was prophesying the philosophy of the Trinity to the heathen Irish.
There is a fable harmonizing to which St. David ( the frequenter saint of Wales ) lived for several old ages on staff of life and wild scallions.
So Welshmen all over the universe celebrate St. David & # 8217 ; s Day by seting sneers onto their apparels.
They consider the scallion their national emblem.
By the manner the Narcissus pseudonarcissus is besides associated with St. David & # 8217 ; s Day, it flowers on that twenty-four hours.
3. Tows, industry and agribusiness
Great Britain is chiefly an industrial state.
That & # 8217 ; s why most of the people at that place live in big towns.
The largest metropoliss of Great Britain are London, Birmingham, Glasgow, Liverpool, Manchester, Bristol, Leeds, Edinburgh and others.
London is the capital of England and the capital of the United Kingdom, excessively.
It is a really large metropolis.
Its population is more than 11 million people.
London stands on the river Thames.
The Thames is instead a deep river, so all sorts of ships can come into London port.
That makes London one of the biggest sea ports of universe.
London is besides one of the chief ship-building Centres.
Besides, tonss of things such as apparels, nutrient, aeroplanes and autos are made in London.
Birmingham is the biggest town in an of import industrial part in the Centre of England.
Machines, autos and lorries every bit good as TV- and radiosets are produced at that place.
Manchester in the north-west of England is the Centre of the cotton fabric industry.
Here computing machines, electronic equipment, assorted machines, nutrients and other things are made. Glasgow is the biggest metropolis of Scotland. Shipbuilding is one of its most of import industries.
Other industries are iron and steel industry, heavy and light technology and coal excavation.
It & # 8217 ; s an industrial metropolis and an of import port. The largest metropolis of Wales is Cardiff, its capital. It is an of import industrial metropolis and a port.
It is besides an administrative and educational Centre.
Belfast, the capital of Northern Ireland is the taking industrial Centre and a big port.
Its head industries are the production of linen and other fabrics, vesture, ship building, technology. Great Britain is besides a extremely developed agricultural state. Wheat is grown in the E of England.
Vegetables are grown in all parts of the state, particularly in the South.
Potatos are grown everyplace in the British Isles.
Some sorts of fruit can turn in the South where the temperature is higher and there is more sunlight.
There are a batch of cowss farms and farms which produce milk, butter and cheese.
Great Britain is besides celebrated for its wool.
4. British institutes 4. British institutes
Parliament is the most of import authorization in Britain. Parliament foremost met in the 13th
century. Britain does non hold a written fundamental law, but a set of Torahs. In 1689 Mary II and William III became the first fundamental law sovereign. They could govern merely with the support of the Parliament. Technically Parliament is made up of three parts: the Monarch, the House of Lords and the House of Commons.
The continuity of the English monarchy has been interrupted merely one time during the Cromwell democracy. Sequence to the throne is familial but merely for Protestants in the direct line of descent. Formally the sovereign has a figure of functions. The sovereign is expected to be politically impersonal, and should non do political determinations. However, the sovereign still performs some of import executive and legislative responsibilities including gap and fade outing Parliament, singing measures passed by both Houses and carry throughing international responsibilities as caput of province. The present crowned head is Queen Elizabeth II who was crowned in Westminster Abbey in 1953.
The House of Lords comprises about 1,200 equals. The house is presided over by the Lord Chancellor. The House of Lords has no existent power but acts as an consultative council for the House of Commons. Equally good as holding legislative maps, the Lords is the highest tribunal of entreaty.
The House of Commons consist of members of Parliament who are elected by the grownup right to vote of the British people in general elections which are held at least every five old ages. The state is divided into 650 constituencies each of which elects one Member of Parliament. The Commons therefore, has 650 Members of Parliament. The party which wins the most seats forms the Government and its leader becomes the Prime Minister. The maps of Parks are enrollment and security of authorities activities. The house is presided over by the Speaker. The authorities party sits on the Speaker & # 8217 ; s right while on his left sit the members of the Opposition.
5. Education in Britain 5. Education in Britain
In England and Wales mandatory school begins at the age of five, but before that age kids can travel to a nursery school, besides called play school. School in compulsory till the kids are 16 old ages old.
In Primary School and First School kids learn to read and compose and the footing of arithmetic. In the higher categories of Primary School ( or in Middle School ) kids learn geographics, history, faith and, in some schools, a foreign linguistic communication. Than kids travel to Secondary School.
When pupils are 16 old ages old they may take an test in assorted topics on order to hold a making. These makings can be either G.C.S.E. ( General Certificate of Secondary instruction ) or & # 8220 ; O degree & # 8221 ; ( ordinary degree ) . After that pupils can either leave school and get down working or go on their surveies in the same school as earlier. If they continue, when they are 18, they have to take farther scrutinies which are necessary for acquiring into university or college.
Some parents choose private schools for their kids. They are really expensive but considered to supply a better instruction and good occupation chances.
In England there are 47 universities, including the Open University which teaches via Television and wireless, approximately 400 colleges and institutes of higher instruction. The oldest universities in England are Oxford and Cambridge. Generally, universities award two sorts of grades: the Bachelor & # 8217 ; s grade and the Master & # 8217 ; s grade.
6
.
Traditions and vacations of Great Britain
English traditions can sort into several groups: traditions refering the
Englishmen & # 8217 ; s private life ( child & # 8217 ; s birth, nuptials, matrimony, marrying day of remembrance ) ; which are connected with households incomes ; province traditions ; national vacations, spiritual vacations, public festival, traditional ceremonials.
What about royal traditions? There are legion royal traditions in Britain, some are ancient, others are modern.
The Queen is the lone individual in Britain with two birthdays. Her existent birthday is on April 21st
, but she has an & # 8220 ; official & # 8221 ; birthday, excessively. That is on the 2nd Saturday in June. And on the Queen & # 8217 ; s official birthday, there is a traditional ceremonial called the Trooping of the Colour. It is a large parade with brass sets and 100s of soldiers at Horse Guard & # 8217 ; s Parade in London..
Traditionally the Queen opens Parliament every fall. But Parliament, non the Royal Family, controls modern Britain. The Queen travels from Buckingham Palace to the Houses of Parliament in a gold
passenger car – the Irish State Coach. At the Houses of Parliament the Queen sits on a “throne
& # 8221 ; in the House of Lords. Then she reads the & # 8220 ; Queen & # 8217 ; s Speech ” in the House of Lords. Then she reads the “Queen’s Address
& # 8221 ; . At the State Opening of Parliament the Queen wears a Crown. She wears other gems from the Crown Jewels, excessively. ” . At the State Opening of Parliament the Queen wears a Crown. She wears other gems from the Crown Jewels, excessively.
In Britain as in other states costumes and uniforms have a long history.
One is the uniform of the Yeomans at the tower of London. This came foremost from France. Another is the uniform of the Horse Guards at Horse Guard & # 8217 ; s Parade, non far from Buckingham Palace. Thousands of visitants take exposure of the Horse Guards.
Britannia is a symbol of Britain. And she wears traditional apparels, excessively. But she is non a existent individual.
Tonss of ordinary apparels have a long tradition. The celebrated bowler chapeau, for illustration. A adult male called Beaulieu made the first one in 1850.
One of the British soldiers, Wellington, gave his name to a brace of boots. They have a shorter name today & # 8211 ; & # 8220 ; Wellies
& # 8221 ; .
There are merely six public holidays a twelvemonth in Great Britain, that is yearss on which people need non travel in to work. They are: Yule Day, Good Friday, Easter Monday, Spring Bank Holiday and Late Summer Bank Holiday, Boxing Day.
So the most popular vacation in Britain isChristmas.
Christmas has been celebrated from the earliest yearss of recorded history, and each epoch and race has pasted a colorful sheet of new imposts and traditions over the old.
On the Sunday before Christmas many churches hold a carol service where particular anthem are sung. Sometimes carol vocalists can be heard in the streets as they collect money for charity. There are a batch of really popular British Christmas carols. Three celebrated 1s are: & # 8220 ; Good King Wenceslas
& # 8221 ; , & # 8220 ; The Holly and The Ivy
& # 8221 ; and & # 8220 ; We Three Kings
& # 8221 ; .
Each twelvemonth, 100s of 1000s of people all over the universe send and have Christmas cards. Most of people think that interchanging cards at Christmas is a really ancient usage but it is non right. In fact it is hardly 100 old ages old. The thought of interchanging illustrated salutation and nowadayss is, nevertheless, antediluvian. So the first commercial Christmas card was produced in Britain in 1843 by Henry Cole, laminitis of the Victoria and Albert Museum, London. The handcoloured print was inscribed with the words & # 8217 ; A Merry Christmas and A Happy New Year to you & # 8217 ; . It was horizontally rectangular in form, printed on stout composition board by lithography.
A traditional characteristic of Christmas in Britain is the Christmas tree. Queen Victoria & # 8217 ; s hubby, Prince Albert, brought the German tradition ( he was German ) to Britain. He and the Queen had a Christmas tree at Windsor Castle in 1841. A few old ages after, about every house in Britain had one. Traditionally people decorate their trees on Christmas Eve & # 8211 ; that & # 8217 ; s December 24th
. They take down the ornaments twelve yearss subsequently, on Twelfth Night ( January 5th
) .
An older tradition is Christmas mistletoe. Peoples put a piece of this green works with its white berries over a door. Mistletoe brings good fortune, people say..
Those who live off seek to acquire back place because Christmas is a household jubilation and it is the biggest vacation of the twelvemonth. As Christmas comes nigher, everyone is purchasing nowadayss for relations and friends. At Christmas people try to give their kids everything they want. And the kids count the hebdomads, than the yearss, to Christmas. They are inquiring what presents on December 24th
. Father Christmas brings their nowadayss in the dark. Then they open them on the forenoon of the twenty-fifth
.
There is another name for Father Christmas in Britain & # 8211 ; Santa Claus. That comes from the European name for him & # 8211 ; Saint Nicholas. In the traditional narrative he lives at the North Pole. But now he lives in large stores in towns and metropoliss all over Britain. Well, that & # 8217 ; s where kids see him in November and December. Then on Christmas Eve he visits every house. He climbs down the chimney and leaves tonss of nowadayss. Some people leave something for him, excessively. A glass of vino and some biscuits, for example..
December 26th
isBoxing Day
. They went from house to house on December 26th
and took boxes made of wood with them. At each house people gave them money. This was a Christmas nowadays. So the name of December 26th
doesn & # 8217 ; t come from the athletics of packaging & # 8211 ; it comes from the male childs & # 8217 ; wooden boxes. Now, Boxing Day is an excess vacation after Christmas Day.
But the tradition of the December 26th
Hunt is altering. Now, some people want to halt Boxing Day Hunts ( and other Hunts, excessively ) . They don & # 8217 ; t like foxhunting. For them it & # 8217 ; s non a athletics & # 8211 ; it is barbarous.
Normally a dark-complexioned adult male was chosen, and ne’er a adult female, for she would convey bad fortune. The first footer was required to transport three articles: a piece of coal to wish heat, a piece of staff of life to wish nutrient, and a Ag coin to wish wealth. In some parts of northern England this pleasing usage is still observed. So this interesting tradition called & # 8220 ; First Footing
& # 8221 ; .
On October 31st
British people celebrateHallowe’en
. It is doubtless the most colorful and exciting vacation of the twelvemonth. Though it is non a public vacation, it is really beloved to those who celebrate it, particularly to kids and adolescents. This twenty-four hours was originally called All Hallow & # 8217 ; s Eve because it fell on the Eve of All Saints & # 8217 ; Day. The name was subsequently shortened to Halloween. Harmonizing to old beliefs, Halloween is the clip, when the head covering between the life and the dead is partly lifted, and enchantresss, shades and other ace natural existences are about. Now kids celebrate Halloween in unusual costumes and masks. It is a festival of conviviality, superstitious notions enchantments, fortunetelling, traditional games and buffooneries. Halloween is a clip for merriment.
Halloween is something called Beggars & # 8217 ; Night or Trick or Treat dark. Some people celebrate Beggars & # 8217 ; Night as Irish kids did in the 17th
century. They dress up as shades and enchantresss and travel into the streets to implore. And kids go from house to house and state: & # 8220 ; Trick or dainty!
& # 8221 ; , intending & # 8220 ; Give me a dainty or I & # 8217 ; ll play a fast one on you
& # 8221 ; . Some groups of & # 8220 ; shades
& # 8221 ; chant Beggars & # 8217 ; Night rimes:
Trick or dainty,
Smell our pess.
We want something
Good to eat.
At Halloween parties the invitees wear every sort of costume. Some people dress up like supernatural animals, other prefers historical or political figures. You can besides run into plagiarists, princesses, Draculas, Cinderellas, or even Frankenstein & # 8217 ; s monsters at a Halloween festival.
March 1st
is a really of import twenty-four hours for Welsh people. It & # 8217 ; sSt. David & # 8217 ; s Day
. He & # 8217 ; s the & # 8220 ; patron & # 8221 ; or national saint of Wales. On March 1st
, the Welsh celebrate St. Davids Day and have on Narcissus pseudonarcissuss in the button holes of their coats or jackets.
On February 14th
it & # 8217 ; sSaint Valentine & # 8217 ; s Day
in Britain. It is non a national vacation. Banks and offices do non shut, but it is a happy small festival in honor of St. Valentine. On this twenty-four hours, people send Valentine cards to their hubbies, married womans, girlfriends and fellows. You can besides direct a card to a individual you do non cognize. But traditionally you must ne’er compose your name on it. Some British newspapers have got a page for Valentine & # 8217 ; s Day messages on February 14th
.
This lovely twenty-four hours is widely celebrated among people of all ages by the exchanging of & # 8220 ; valentines & # 8221 ; .
Midsummer & # 8217 ; s Day
, June 24th
, is the longest twenty-four hours of the twelvemonth. On that twenty-four hours you can see a really old usage at Stonehenge, in Wiltshire, England. Stonehenge is on of Europe & # 8217 ; s biggest rock circles.
And every June 24th
a batch of them go toStonehenge
.
On that forenoon the Sun radiances on one celebrated rock & # 8211 ; the Heel rock. For the Druids this is a really of import minute in the twelvemonth. But for a batch of British people it is merely a unusual old usage.
April 1st
is AprilFool & # 8217 ; s Day
in Britain. This is a really old tradition from the Middle Ages ( between the fifth and 15th centuries ) . At that clip the retainers were Masterss for one twenty-four hours of the twelvemonth. They gave orders to their Masterss, and their Masterss had to obey.
There are some British traditions and imposts refering their private life. The British are considered to be the universe & # 8217 ; s greatest tea drinkers. And so tea is Britain & # 8217 ; s favorite drink. The English cognize how to do tea and what it does for you. In England people say jestingly: & # 8216 ; The trial of good tea is simple. If a spoon stands up in it, so it is strong plenty ; if the spoon starts to coggle, it is a lame stopgap & # 8217 ; .
Every state has its imbibing wonts, some of which are general and obvious, others most curious. Most states besides have a national drink. In England the national is beer, and the saloon & # 8220 ; saloon
& # 8221 ; , where people talk, eat, imbibe, run into their friends and relax.
The word & # 8220 ; saloon
& # 8221 ; is short for & # 8220 ; public house & # 8221 ; . Pubs sell beer. ( British beer is ever warm ) . An of import usage in saloon is & # 8220 ; purchasing a unit of ammunition & # 8221 ; . In a group, one individual buys all the others a drink. This is a & # 8220 ; unit of ammunition & # 8221 ; . Then one by one all the people buy unit of ammunitions, excessively. If they are with friends, British people sometimes lift their spectacless before they drink and say: & # 8220 ; Cheers
& # 8221 ; . This means & # 8220 ; Good fortune
& # 8221 ; .
And as you know, the British talk about the conditions a batch. They talk about the conditions because it changes so frequently. Wind, rain, Sun, cloud, snow & # 8211 ; they can all go on in a British winter & # 8211 ; or a British summer.
7. Sports in Great Britain 7. Sports in Great Britain
British people are really affectionate of athleticss. Sport is a portion of their normal life. The two most popular games are football and cricket.
Football, besides called association football, is the most popular athletics in the United Kingdom. England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland have their ain Football Leagues and national squads. Games are played on Saturday afternoons from August to April. In add-on to the FL games there is a competition called the Football Associations Cup. The Cup Final is played at Wembley Stadium ( London ) in May.
Cricket is considered to be the English National game. Its regulations are really complicated. Two squads of 11 work forces each drama it, the participant at a clip tries to hit ball with a chiropteran.
Golf is the Scots national game. It originated in the Fifteen century and the most celebrated golf class in the universe, known as a Royal and Ancient Club, is at St. Andrew & # 8217 ; s.
Lawn tennis was first played in Britain in the late 19th
century. The most celebrated British title is Wimbledon, played yearly during the last hebdomad of June and the fist hebdomad of July.
Those are the most popular sorts of athletics in the UK. But there are many other athleticss such as rugger, golf, swimming, horse-racing and the traditional fox-hunting.
8. British Literature 8. British Literature
Great Britain gave the universe a batch of gifted people. Many celebrated authors and poets were born in Great Britain. One of the best known English dramatist was William Shakespeare. He draw thoughts for his calamities and comedies from the history of England and ancient Rome. Many experts consider Shakespeare the greatest author and the greatest dramatist in England linguistic communication. William Shakespeare wrote 37 dramas which may be divided into: comedies ( such as A Midsummer Night & # 8217 ; s Dream ) , calamities ( such as Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth ) and historical dramas ( such as Richard II, Henry V, Julius Caesar, Anthony and Cleopatra ) .
Robert Burns represents the coevals of Romantic authors. In his verse form he described with love and understanding the simple life he knew. Among his well-known verse forms are Halloween, The Jolly Beggars, To a Mouse.
George Gordon Lord Byron. His free-spirited prevarication manner combined with his poetic gift makes him one of the most celebrated figures of the Romantic Era. His celebrated plants such as Stanzas to Augusta, The Prisoner of Chillon, Childe Harold & # 8217 ; s Pilgrimage, Manfred draw readers into the passion, wits and strong belief of a poet whose life and work genuinely embodied the Romantic spirit.
Sir Walter Scott wrote the first illustrations of historical novel ; Lewis Carroll became celebrated when he published Alice & # 8217 ; s Adventures in Wonderland.
9. Topographic points of Interest in Great Britain 9. Topographic points of Interest in Great Britain
Britain is rich in its historic topographic points which link the present with the yesteryear.
The oldest portion of London is Lud Hill, where the metropolis was originated. About a mile West of it there is Westminster Palace, where the male monarch lived and the Parliament met, and there is besides Westminster Abbey, the enthronement church.
Liverpool, the & # 8220 ; metropolis of ships & # 8221 ; , is England & # 8217 ; s 2nd greatest port ranking after London. The most interesting sight in the Liverpool is the docks. They occupy a river frontage of seven stat mis. The University of Liverpool, established in 1903, is noted for its school of Tropical Medicine. And in the music universe Liverpool is a well-known name, for it & # 8217 ; s the town of & # 8220 ; The Beatles & # 8221 ; .
Stratford-on-Avon lies 93 stat mis northwest of London. Shakespeare was born here in1564, and here he died in 1616. Cambridge and Oxford Universities are celebrated centres of acquisition.
Stonehenge is a prehistoric memorial, presumptively build by Druids, members of an order of priests in ancient Britain. Tintagel Castle is King Arthur & # 8217 ; s reputed place of birth. Canterbury is the place of the Archbishop o Canterbury, caput of the Church of England.
The British Museum is the largest and wealths museum in the universe. It was founded in 1753 and contains one of the universe & # 8217 ; s richest aggregations of antiquities. The Egyptian Galleries contain homo and animate being mas. Some parts of Athens & # 8217 ; Parthenon are in the Grecian subdivision.
Madam Tussaud & # 8217 ; s Museum is an exhibition of 100s of lifesize wax theoretical accounts of celebrated people of yesterday and today. The aggregation was started by Madam Tussaud, a Gallic modeller in wax, in the 18 century. Here you can run into Marilyn Monroe, Elton John, Picasso, the Royal household, the Beatles and many others: authors, film stars, vocalists, politicians, sportswomans, etc.
10. The British constabulary
The British constabularies officer & # 8211 ; sometimes called the & # 8220 ; bobby & # 8221 ; after Sir Robert Peel, the laminitis of the constabulary force & # 8211 ; is well-known figure to everybody, who sees British movies. Policemen maintain jurisprudence and order either walking in the streets or driving in autos. In Britain the constabulary are organized really otherwise from many other states. Britain has no national constabulary force, alternatively, there is a separate constabulary force for each of 52 countries into which the state is divided. Each has a constabulary authorization & # 8211 ; a commission of local county councilors and magistrates.
It is unusual for members of one force to run in another & # 8217 ; s country unless they are asked to give aid. A Chief Constable ( their senior officer of a force ) sometimes may inquire for aid of London & # 8217 ; s constabulary force, based at New Scotland Yard & # 8211 ; known merely as & # 8220 ; the Yard & # 8221 ; .
The British constabularies by and large do non transport guns, except in North Ireland. Merely a few constabulary are on a regular basis armed & # 8211 ; for case, those guard politicians, diplomats or who patrol airdromes.
11. Conveyance in Britain 11. Conveyance in Britain
You can make England either by plane, by train, by auto or by ship. The fastest manner is by plane. London has three international airdromes: Heathrow, the largest, connected to the metropolis by belowground ; Gatwick, South of London, with a frequent train service ; Luton, the smallest, used for charter flights.
If you go to England by train or by auto you have to traverse the Channel. There is a frequent service of soft-shell clams and ferry-boats which connect the continent to the south-east of England.
Peoples in Britain thrust on the left and by and large overtake on right. The velocity bound is 0 stat mis per hr ( 50km/h ) in towns and metropoliss and 70 miles per hour ( 110 kilometers per hour ) on expresswaies.
When you are in London you can take from different agencies of conveyance: coach, train, resistance or cab. The typical coach in London is a ruddy bus. The first London coach started running between Paddington and the City in 1829. It carried 40 riders and cost a shilling for six kilometers.
The following to get were the trains ; now there are 12 railroad Stationss in London. The universe & # 8217 ; s first belowground line was opened between Baker St. and the City in 1863. Now there are 10 belowground lines and 273 resistance is besides called the Tube, because of the round form of its deep tunnels.
Concluding
All! My twenty-four hours in Britain has the terminal!
Great Britain
is beautiful!
The population of Great Britain is over 57 million people.
As the United Kingdom is an island province the clime there is really specific.
It is non really cold in winter and ne’er really hot in summer.
There is no ice on the lakes and rivers in winter.
It frequently rains in all seasons.
Besides, Britain is celebrated for its fogs.
The conditions alterations so frequently that Englishmans say that they have no clime in Great Britain, but merely conditions.
The nature of Great Britain is picturesque.
There are many rivers and beautiful lakes at that place.
One of the most fantastic parts of the state is called Lake District.
The chief rivers of Great Britain are the Severn and the Thames.
There are no great woods in the British Isles.
As for the mountains they are non really high, but really beautiful.
The most picturesque part of the state is Highlands in the North of Scotland.
This is the part of mountains, rivers and cozy towns and small towns.
In short, I understand that I have to larn English decently and I try to make so!
List literatures:
1.Levashova V.A.
Britain today: Life and Institutions. & # 8211 ; Moscow: INFRA-M, 2001.
2. 200 & # 1058 ; & # 1077 ; & # 1084 ; & # 1040 ; & # 1085 ; & # 1075 ; & # 1083 ; & # 1080 ; & # 1081 ; & # 1089 ; & # 1082 ; & # 1086 ; & # 1075 ; & # 1086 ; & # 1071 ; & # 1079 ; & # 1099 ; & # 1082 ; & # 1072 ; ./ & # 1057 ; & # 1086 ; & # 1089 ; & # 1090 ; . : & # 1041 ; & # 1086 ; & # 1081 ; & # 1082 ; & # 1086 ; & # 1042 ; . , & # 1046 ; & # 1080 ; & # 1076 ; & # 1082 ; & # 1080 ; & # 1093 ; & # 1053 ; . , & # 1050 ; & # 1072 ; & # 1074 ; & # 1077 ; & # 1088 ; & # 1080 ; & # 1085 ; & # 1072 ; & # 1042 ; . , & # 1055 ; & # 1072 ; & # 1085 ; & # 1080 ; & # 1085 ; & # 1072 ; & # 1045 ; . & # 8211 ; & # 1052 ; & # 1086 ; & # 1089 ; & # 1082 ; & # 1074 ; & # 1072 ; : & # 1048 ; & # 1079 ; & # 1076 ; & # 1072 ; & # 1090 ; & # 1077 ; & # 1083 ; & # 1100 ; & # 1089 ; & # 1090 ; & # 1074 ; & # 1086 ; & # 1048 ; & # 1074 ; & # 1072 ; & # 1085 ; & # 1086 ; & # 1074 ; & # 1072 ; & # 1042 ; . & # 1048 ; . , 2001.
3. & # 1050 ; & # 1085 ; & # 1080 ; & # 1075 ; & # 1072 ; & # 1076 ; & # 1083 ; & # 1103 ; & # 1095 ; & # 1090 ; & # 1077 ; & # 1085 ; & # 1080 ; & # 1103 ; & # 1082 ; & # 1091 ; & # 1095 ; & # 1077 ; & # 1073 ; & # 1085 ; & # 1080 ; & # 1082 ; & # 1091 ; & # 1072 ; & # 1085 ; & # 1075 ; & # 1083 ; & # 1080 ; & # 1081 ; & # 1089 ; & # 1082 ; & # 1086 ; & # 1075 ; & # 1086 ; & # 1103 ; & # 1079 ; & # 1099 ; & # 1082 ; & # 1072 ; & # 1076 ; & # 1083 ; & # 1103 ; 8 & # 1082 ; & # 1083 ; & # 1072 ; & # 1089 ; & # 1089 ; & # 1072 ; & # 1089 ; & # 1088 ; & # 1077 ; & # 1076 ; & # 1085 ; & # 1077 ; & # 1081 ; & # 1096 ; & # 1082 ; & # 1086 ; & # 1083 ; & # 1099 ; ./ & # 1057 ; & # 1086 ; & # 1089 ; & # 1090 ; . : & # 1050 ; & # 1086 ; & # 1087 ; & # 1099 ; & # 1083 ; & # 1045 ; . & # 1043 ; . , & # 1041 ; & # 1086 ; & # 1088 ; & # 1086 ; & # 1074 ; & # 1080 ; & # 1082 ; & # 1052 ; . & # 1040 ; . & # 1048 ; & # 1079 ; & # 1076 ; . 2- & # 1077 ; . & # 1052 ; & # 1086 ; & # 1089 ; & # 1082 ; & # 1074 ; & # 1072 ; , & # 171 ; & # 1055 ; & # 1088 ; & # 1086 ; & # 1089 ; & # 1074 ; & # 1077 ; & # 1097 ; & # 1077 ; & # 1085 ; & # 1080 ; & # 1077 ; & # 187 ; , 1999.
