1. Introduction:

To speed up the advancement of sanitation in rural countries. Government of India is implementing from 1. 4. 2012. the ‘Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan ( NBA ) ’ . a Centrally Sponsored Scheme [ earlier Entire Sanitation Campaign ( TSC ) ] . Similarly. to supply imbibing H2O to rural population in equal measure. the Govt. of India is implementing a centrally sponsored Scheme called the National Rural Drinking Water Programme ( NRDWP ) .

New Delhi:

The brotherhood cabinet Wednesday gave its blessing for restructuring of “Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan”” into “Swachh Bharat Mission” . The programme is aimed at making a clean India by 2019 with people’s engagement. “The cabinet has approved the Swachh Bharat Mission. ” brotherhood Law Minister Ravi Shankar Prasad said here after a cabinet meeting chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. Prasad said the mission will be launched Oct 2. the birth day of remembrance of Mahatma Gandhi.

The premier curate has been endeavoring to do the mission a mass motion. The cabinet besides approved a “Swachh Bharat Mission” for urban countries. which will be portion of a joint “Swachh Bharat Mission” which has another constituent for rural countries. The imbibing H2O and sanitation ministry will implement the programme in rural countries while the urban development ministry will make the same in urban countries. “The ‘Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan’ will be restructured into the ‘Swachh Bharat Mission’ with two sub-missions – ‘Swachh Bharat Mission’ ( rural ) and ‘Swachh Bharat Mission’ ( urban ) . Budgetary commissariats for the two sub-missions will be provided individually in the demand for grant of the ministries of imbibing H2O and sanitation ( for rural ) and ministry of urban development ( for urban ) . ” an official statement said.

“I take this pledge that I will stay committed towards cleanliness and devote clip for this. I will give 100 hours per twelvemonth — that is two hours per hebdomad — to voluntary work for cleanliness. I will neither litter nor allow others litter. I will originate the quest for cleanliness with myself. my household. my vicinity. my small town and my work topographic point. I believe that the states of the universe that appear clean are so because their citizens don’t indulge in littering nor do they let it to go on. With this steadfast belief. I will propagate the message of Swachh Bharat Mission in small towns and towns. I will promote 100 other individuals to take this pledge which I am taking today. I will endeavor to do them give their 100 hours for cleanliness. I am confident that every measure I take towards cleanliness will assist in doing my state clean. ” – Narendra Modi

2. Swachh Bharat Abhiyan:

The present end under NBA is to accomplish 100 % entree to sanitation for all rural families by 2022. Under Swachh Bharat Abhiyan ( SBA ) . the Goal is now pre-phoned to do India Open Defecation Free ( ODF ) India by 2019 by building of single. bunch & A ; community lavatories ; and small towns will be kept clean. including through solid and liquid waste direction through Gram Panchayats. Water grapevines have to be laid to all small towns enabling tap connexion into families on demand by 2019.

In this affair. co-operation and convergence of all Ministries. Central & A ; State strategies. CSR & A ; bilateral/multilateral aid may go necessary every bit good as new & A ; advanced ways of support such intercessions. In a federal set-up like ours. where sanitation and H2O are province topics. it is all the more of import that provinces take the enterprise to finish all activities to accomplish Swachh Bharat by 2019 by dove-tailing all strategies – Central or State.

Swachh Bharat Mission: Facts and Figures
Undertaking Cost: Rs. 1. 96. 009 crore
Project Start Date: 2nd October 2014
Undertaking Estimated End Date: 2nd October 2019
Ministries Involved in Undertaking: Ministry of rural development. ministry of urban development. ministry of imbibing H2O and sanitation. Public Sector Undertakings ( PSUs ) . corporations. NGOs. province authoritiess etc. Purpose of Undertaking: To do India a filth-free state in five old ages. to build community and public lavatories in rural and urban countries. to supply running H2O supply. to handle waste H2O. to maintain roads. pavings and vicinities clean etc.

3. Background:

3. 1 Individual Health and hygiene is mostly dependent on equal handiness of imbibing H2O and Proper sanitation. There is. hence. a direct relationship between H2O. sanitation and wellness. Consumption of insecure imbibing H2O. improper disposal of human body waste. improper environmental Sanitation and deficiency of personal and nutrient hygiene have been major causes of many diseases in Developing states. India is no exclusion to this. Government started the Central Rural Sanitation Programme ( CRSP ) in 1986 chiefly with the aim of bettering the quality of life of the rural Peoples and besides to supply privateness and self-respect to adult females.

3. 2 The construct of sanitation was expanded to include personal hygiene. place sanitation. safe H2O. Garbage disposal. body waste disposal and waste H2O disposal. With this broader construct of sanitation. CRSP adopted a “demand driven” attack with the name “Total Sanitation Campaign” ( TSC ) with consequence From 1999.

The revised attack emphasized more on Information. Education and Communication ( IEC ) . Human Resource Development. Capacity Development activities to increase consciousness among the rural people and coevals of demand for healthful installations. This enhanced people’s capacity to Choose appropriate options through alternate bringing mechanisms as per their economic status. The Programme was implemented with focal point on community-led and people centred enterprises. Fiscal inducements were provided to Below Poverty Line ( BPL ) families for building and use of Individual family latrines ( IHHL ) in acknowledgment of their accomplishments. Aid was besides extended for building of school lavatory units. Anganwadi lavatories and Community Sanitary Complexes ( CSC ) apart From set abouting activities under Solid and Liquid Waste Management ( SLWM ) .

3. 3 To give a bonus to the TSC. Government of India besides launched the Nirmal Gram Puraskar ( NGP ) that Sought to recognize the accomplishments and attempts made in guaranting full sanitation coverage. The award Gained huge popularity and contributed efficaciously in conveying about a motion in the community for achieving the Nirmal Status thereby significantly adding to the accomplishments made for increasing the Sanitation coverage in the rural countries of the state.

3. 4 Encouraged by the success of NGP. the TSC is being renamed as “Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan” ( NBA ) . The Objective is to speed up the sanitation coverage in the rural countries so as to comprehensively cover the rural community through renewed schemes and impregnation attack. Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan ( NBA ) envisages covering the full community for saturated results with a position to make Nirmal Gram Panchayats with following precedences:

Provision of Individual Household Latrine ( IHHL ) of both Below Poverty Line ( BPL ) and Identified above Poverty Line ( APL ) families within a Gram Panchayat ( GP ) . Gram Panchayats where all habitations have entree to H2O to be taken up. Precedence May be given to Gram Panchayats holding functional piped H2O supply. Provision of sanitation installations in Government Schools and Anganwadis in Government Buildings within these GPs Solid and Liquid Waste Management ( SLWM ) for proposed and bing Nirmal Grams Extensive capacity edifice of the interest holders like Panchayati Raj Institutions ( PRIs ) . Village Water and Sanitation Committees ( VWSCs ) and field officials for Sustainable sanitation. Appropriate convergence with MNREGS with unskilled man-days and skilled man-days

4. Aim:
The chief aims of the NBA are as under:

a ) Bring about an betterment in the general quality of life in the rural countries. B ) Accelerate sanitation coverage in rural countries to accomplish the vision of Nirmal Bharat by 2022 with all gm Panchayats in the state achieving Nirmal position. degree Celsius ) Motivate communities and Panchayati Raj Institutions advancing sustainable sanitation installations through awareness creative activity and wellness instruction. vitamin D ) To cover the staying schools non covered under Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan ( SSA ) and Anganwadi Centres in the rural countries with proper sanitation installations and undertake proactive publicity of Hygiene instruction and healthful wonts among pupils. vitamin E ) Encourage cost effectual and appropriate engineerings for ecologically safe and sustainable Sanitation. degree Fahrenheit ) Develop community managed environmental sanitation systems concentrating on solid & A ; liquid waste Management for overall cleanliness in the rural countries.

5. Scheme:

The scheme is to transform rural India into ‘Nirmal Bharat’ by following the ‘community led’ and ‘People centred’ schemes and community impregnation attack. A “demand driven approach” is to be continued with accent on awareness creative activity and demand coevals for healthful installations in houses. Schools and for cleaner environment. Alternate bringing mechanisms would be adopted to run into the Community needs. The proviso of inducements for single family latrine units to the poorest of the hapless families has been widened to cover the other destitute families excessively so as to achieve Community outcomes. Availability of H2O in the Gram Panchayat shall be an of import factor for prolonging sanitation installations created.

Rural School Sanitation remains a major constituent and an entry Point for wider credence of sanitation by the rural people. Wider engineering options are being provided to run into the client penchants and location- specific demands. Intensive IEC Campaign is the Corner rock of the programme affecting Panchayati Raj Institutions. Co-operatives. ASHA. Anganwadi Workers. Women Groups. Self Help Groups. and NGOs etc. A roadmap for battle of corporate houses is being introduced. More crystalline system affecting societal audit and active people’s engagement in the execution procedure of NBA is being introduced. Convergence with MNREGS shall besides be Important to ease the rural families with fund handiness for making their ain sanitation Facilities.

6. Execution:

The Guidelines of NBA and the commissariats hereunder are applicable with consequence from 01. 04. 2012. Execution of NBA is proposed with ‘Gram Panchayat ‘as the base unit. A undertaking proposal that Emanates from a territory is scrutinized and consolidated by the State Government and transmitted to The Government of India ( Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation ) as a State Plan. NBA is to be Implemented in stages with start-up activities. Fundss are to be made available for preliminary IEC work. The physical execution gets oriented towards fulfilling the felt-needs. wherein single Households choose from a bill of fare of options for their family latrines.

The constitutional flexibleness in the Menu of options gives the hapless and the deprived households chance for subsequent up step Depending upon their demands and fiscal place. In the “campaign approach” . a interactive Interaction between the Government bureaus and other stakeholders is indispensable. To convey about the coveted behavioral alterations for relevant healthful patterns. intensive IEC and protagonism. with Participation of NGOs/ Panchayati Raj Institutions/resource organisations is envisaged.

NBA will be implemented with a territory as the undertaking. The States/UTs are expected to Prepare/revise NBA Projects for all the territories. consolidate at State degree as State Plan and submit Before the Government of India.

7. Components OF NBA

The Programme constituents and activities for NBA execution are as follows:

( a ) Start-Up Activities:
The start-up activities include
a. Conducting of preliminary study to measure the position of sanitation and hygiene patterns.
B. Base line study.
c. Orientation of cardinal forces at the district/GP degree.
d. Preparation of State Plan.
The cost of Start-up activities will be met from the IEC financess up to Rs. 10 Lakh. Additional fund. Requirement. if any. shall be met by the State.

( B ) IEC Activities:

Information. Education and Communication ( IEC ) are of import constituents of the Programme. These intend to trip the demand for healthful installations in the rural countries for families. schools. Anganwadis and Community Sanitary Complexes through behavioral alteration. The activities carried out under these constituents should be country specific and should besides affect all subdivisions of the rural Population. IEC is non a erstwhile activity. IEC scheme and program to be drawn to include creative activity of Demand taking to building and usage in a sustained mode. IEC should be conducted at all grades i. e. Districts. Blocks and Gram Panchayat.

A national communicating scheme model has been developed by Government of India giving Emphasis on Inter Personal Communication ( IPC ) at the grassroots degree. The provinces are to germinate their ain scheme utilizing folk media. mass media and besides out-of-door media like wall picture. stashing etc. The IEC should besides concentrate on wellness and hygiene patterns and environmental sanitation facets.

Interpersonal communicating and door to door to door contact are recognised as the most Significant tools for achieving the programme ends. In order to beef up communicating machinery at the small town degree with participatory societal mobilisation. guidelines for battle of small town degree Motivators ( Swachchhata Doot / Sanitation Messengers ) have been issued individually. As portion of this Strategy. in add-on to Swachchhata Doots. field officials like Bharat Nirman Volunteers. ASHA. Anganwadi workers. School Teachers etc. can besides be engaged at the small town degree for demand creative activity and taking up behaviour alteration communicating. The incentive can be given suited inducement from the Fundss earmarked for IEC. The inducement will be public presentation based i. e. in footings of actuating the Number of families and schools/ Anganwadis to build latrines and utilize them.

Each undertaking territory should fix a elaborate IEC program along with the Annual Action Plan with Defined schemes to make all subdivisions of the community. The purpose of such a communicating program is to actuate rural people to follow hygiene behavior as a manner of life and thereby develop and keep all Facilities created under the programme. The Annual IEC Action Plan should be punctually approved by the DWSC/DWSM. The Communication and Capacity Development Units ( CCDUs ) / Water and Sanitation Support Organisations ( WSSOs ) set up at the province degree must back up the territories in developing a good IEC program and besides in implementing it. Observance of Sanitation Day/ Sanitation Week / Sanitation Fortnight should be indispensable constituent of the Annual Action Plan.

For effectual airing of the IEC stuff. financess may besides be provided under this constituent To blocks and gm Panchayats for executing of plants. The development of such stuff executed by the Panchayats may be standardized by the territory or the CCDU.

The IEC financess should be loosely divided into pre Nirmal and Post- Nirmal stage so as to hold Fundss for prolonging the motion. The undertaking territories. nevertheless. shall hold the flexibleness of make up one’s minding this division depending on the baseline study studies and rate of acceleration of sanitation coverage.

Fundss available under IEC may be used for leaving hygiene instruction to the rural communities. General populace. every bit good as kids in schools. The IEC program should include a constituent for lifting Awareness among school traveling kids. instructors and PTAs.

IEC support will be in the ratio of 80:20 between GOI and the State Governments and the entire IEC Cost including get down up grant will be limited to 15 % of the entire undertaking cost.

( degree Celsius ) Capacity Building:

This constituent is for preparation of VWSC and PRI members. block and territory officials and Grass root officials like ASHA and other wellness. instruction and related officials. Anganwadi Workers etc. SHGs can be trained in trades such as masonry work. brick-making. lavatory pan devising and Plumbing etc. as besides for consciousness raising activities. NGOs/CBOs of reputation can be engaged for this Activity. State Resource Centres and Regional / District Resource Centres should be identified for Conducting such preparations.

Capacity edifice support will be in the ratio of 80:20 between GOI and the State Governments and will be limited to 2 % of the IEC budget.

( vitamin D ) Construction of Individual Household Latrines:

A duly completed family healthful latrine shall consist of a Toilet Unit including a ace Structure. The programme is aimed to cover all the rural households. Incentive as provided under the Scheme may be extended to all Below Poverty Line ( BPL ) Households and Above Poverty Line Households ( APL ) restricted to SCs/STs. little and fringy husbandmans. landless laborers with homestead. physically handicapped and adult females headed families. The building of family lavatories should be undertaken by the family itself and on completion and usage of the lavatory ; the hard currency inducement can be given to the family in acknowledgment of its accomplishment.

The inducement sum to Below Poverty Line ( BPL ) household/identified APLs for building of one unit of IHHL shall be Rs. 4600. 00n ( Rs. 5100. 00 for hard and hilly countries ) . The cardinal portion out of this shall be Rs. 3200. 00 ( Rs. 3700. 00 in instance of hilly and hard countries ) and State Government portion shall Be Rs. 1400. 00. Minimum beneficiary portion shall be Rs. 900. 00 in hard currency or labor. State Governments are allowed the flexibleness to supply higher inducement for a family lavatory. of the same or higher unit costs from their ain financess. All houses constructed with the cardinal or/and province aid should constantly Have suited sanitation installation as an built-in portion. However. all houses constructed by the donees Under Indira Awas Yojana ( IAY ) or any other province rural lodging strategy which did non hold lavatories shall besides be eligible for the inducement as above for creative activity of sanitation installations for the targeted groups Under NBA.

APL households non covered by the above inducements will take up building of the family Latrines on their ain through motive. The IEC activities will supply comprehensive coverage to all the households in the GP without exclusions. APL households confronting hard currency crunch may entree the go arounding fund as outlined in the guidelines.

Construction of pail latrines is non permitted in the rural countries. The bing pail latrines. if any. should be converted to healthful latrines and the sharing form for inducement for the targeted Beneficiaries shall be indistinguishable to that of building of single house clasp latrines.

Ministry of Rural Development presentment Number S. O. l022 ( E ) dated 04. 05. 2012 sing Convergence of TSC with MNREGS will be mutatis mutandis applicable for convergence with NBA.

( vitamin E ) Rural Sanitary Marts and Production Centers:

The Rural Sanitary Mart is an mercantile establishment covering with the stuffs. hardware and designs required for The building of healthful latrines. soaking and compost cavities. vermi-composting. rinsing platforms. Certified domestic H2O filters and other sanitation & A ; hygiene accoutrements required. RSMs should Guarantee that a assortment of pans ( ceramic. mosaic. HDP. fibreglass ) are available for pick by the Beneficiaries. RSM should needfully hold those points. which are required as a portion of the sanitation Package.

It is a commercial venture with a societal aim. The chief purpose of holding a RSM is to supply Materials. services and counsel needed for building different types of latrines and other healthful Facilities for a clean environment. Production Centers are the agencies to bring forth cost effectual low-cost Sanitary stuffs at the local degree. They could be independent or portion of the RSMs.

The Production Centers/Rural Sanitary Marts could be opened and operated by SHGs / adult females Organizations/Panchayats/NGOs etc. Support of private enterprisers may besides be taken for guaranting An effectual supply concatenation. DWSM/DWSC should hold a Memorandum of Understanding ( MoU ) with the RSMs/PCs along with A system of joint monitoring evolved to guarantee that the RSMs & A ; Personal computers are on path with production programs As per demand. RSMs should hold a method of quality enfranchisement of its merchandises and a set of Trained Masons and incentives.

Quality criterions ( where notified by BIS or by MoDWS ) for each of the points of purchase should Be purely adhered to.

An involvement free loan up to Rs. 3. 5 hundred thousand can be given for set uping RSM/PC out of go arounding fund Available with the territory. In instance more RSMs are required. a upper limit of up to Rs. 35 Lakh from the Revolving Fund can be utilized for this intent. Loans from the go arounding fund for RSM/PC shall be Recovered in 12-18 episodes after one twelvemonth from the day of the month of having the loan.

( degree Fahrenheit ) Provision of Revolving Fund in the District

The go arounding fund may be given to Cooperative Societies or Self Help Groups whose Creditworthiness is established. for supplying inexpensive finance to their members. Loan from this fund Should be recovered in 12-18 episodes. NBA undertakings will hold the flexibleness to make up one’s mind the other Footings and conditions for countenance of the revolving fund. This go arounding fund can be accessed by APL Households non covered for inducements under the guidelines. Loan can besides be given to the proprietor of the Household where Anganwadi Centre is located for building of babe friendly lavatory provided the ICDS Authorities agree to return the loan from the rent paid to the house proprietor. 5 % of the District undertaking Outlay topic to a amount of up to Rs. 50 Lakh. can be used as revolving fund. The go arounding fund is shared Between Centre and State on an 80:20 footing.

( g ) Community Sanitary Complex:

Community Sanitary Complex is an built-in constituent of the NBA. These Complexes. consisting An appropriate figure of lavatory seats. bathing cells. rinsing platforms. Wash basins etc. . can be set Up in a topographic point in the small town acceptable and accessible to all. Ordinarily such composites should be Constructed merely when there is deficiency of infinite in the small town for building of family lavatories and the Community owns up the duty of their operation and care. The ultimate purpose is to Ensure building of maximal IHHLs and building of community composites will be restricted to Merely when IHHLs can non be constructed. for whatever ground. and besides learn the community of “Hygiene practices” .

The care of such composites is really indispensable for which Gram Panchayat Should own the ultimate duty. User households may be asked to lend a sensible monthly User charge for cleaning & A ; care. The proposal for seting up CSC will be approved by the National Scheme Sanctioning Committee ( NSSC ) . Such composites can besides be made at public topographic points. Markets. etc. where big scale fold of people takes topographic point. Suitable care guidelines May be adopted by the community to guarantee proper care of the composite.

Maximum unit cost prescribed for a community healthful composite is up to Rs. 2 hundred thousand. Sharing Pattern amongst Central Government. State Government and the community is in the ratio of 60:30:10. The community part. nevertheless. can be made by the Panchayat out of its ain resources. from Grants of the Thirteenth Finance Commission or from any other fund of the State duly permitted by it.

( H ) Institutional Toilets:

Children could be a good channel to act upon parents to follow proper healthful wonts. Children are More receptive to new thoughts. Schools/Anganwadis are appropriate establishments for altering the Behaviour. mentality and wonts of kids from unfastened laxation to the usage of toilet through Motivation and instruction.

School Toilets:

Toilets in all types of Government Schools should be constructed. Emphasis should be given to Toilets for Girls in Schools. Toilet should supply entree chance to kids with particular demands. A Toilet unit consists of a lavatory and lower limit of two urinals. Separate lavatory units for misss and male childs should Be provided in all co-educational schools. which are to be treated as two separate units and each unit is Entitled to Central aid. The figure of toilet units to be constructed should be equal to run into The demands of the school as per the strength of the pupils go toing the school. State/UT Governments. Parent-Teachers Association and Panchayats are free to lend from their ain Resources over and above the prescribed sum.

In add-on to creative activity of hardware in the schools. it is indispensable that hygiene instruction is imparted To the kids on all facets of hygiene. For this intent. at least one instructor in each school must be Trained in hygiene instruction who in bend should develop the kids through interesting activities and Community undertakings that emphasize hygiene behavior.

The outgo for this intent can be met From the IEC fund earmarked for the undertaking. The territory and Panchayat implementing bureaus should Guarantee good coordination with Department of Education and Health & A ; other spouses in order to carry through The aim of SSHE i. e. to supply a safe. healthy larning environment to all kids.

The Central aid per unit will be restricted to 70 per centum for a unit cost of Rs. 35. 000 ( Rs. 38. 500 in instance of hilly and hard countries ) . Funding for School Sanitation in a NBA Project is provided By the Central and State Government in the ratio of 70:30.

Anganwadi Toilets:

In order to in still the pattern of utilizing a lavatory in kids from really early phase in life. it is indispensable That Anganwadis are used as a platform of behavior alteration for the kids every bit good as the female parents. For This intent. each Anganwadi should be provided with a babe friendly lavatory. Since there are a big Number of Anganwadis runing from private premises. following scheme may be adopted: a ) In all the Anganwadis. which are in Government edifices. babe friendly lavatories should be Constructed from the NBA financess provided. B ) In those Anganwadis. which are in private edifices. the proprietor must be asked to build The lavatory as per design. and. he/she may be allowed to bear down enhanced rent for the Building to retrieve the cost of building. degree Celsius ) Alternatively. the lavatory may be constructed from go arounding fund constituent under the NBA And. suited tax write-offs made from the monthly lease paid to the proprietor to retrieve the Cost over a period of clip.

Unit of measurement cost of a lavatory shall be up to Rs. 8. 000 ( Rs. 10. 000 in instance of hilly and hard countries ) for each Anganwadi in the rural countries. Fiscal aid to be given by Government of India will be restricted To Rs. 5. 600 ( Rs. 7. 000 in instance of hilly and hard countries ) . Extra disbursals can be met by the State Government. Panchayats or financess from Thirteenth Finance Commission. MPLADS. MLALADS. MNREGS Etc.

Construction of Anganwadi lavatories is to be prioritised in the 200 high focused territories to help in Undertaking the issue of malnutrition.

All authorities edifices constructed with fiscal support of the Centre must hold appropriate Sanitation installations under the several strategies as an built-in constituent of the strategy. This is Considered indispensable to accomplish the vision of ‘NIRMAL BHARAT’ .