In “To Kill a Mockingbird. ” Atticus Finch included many subjects in his shutting address to the jury. Some of the subjects were loneliness. racism. human nature. and equality. The subject solitariness was demonstrated in the address when Atticus attacked Mayella’s solitariness and blamed her for her kid – like determination to impeach Tom Robinson for her sadness. “She did something every kid has done – she tried to set the grounds of her offense off from her. But in this instance she was no kid concealing stolen contraband: she struck out at her victim …” Another subject of Atticus’s address was racism. which was shown when the jury did non believe the word of Tom Robinson. a black adult male. over the word of “white trash” like the Ewells. Atticus attempted his point that Tom had been exploited and unjustly accused. “And so a quiet. respectable. low Negro who had the unmitigated audacity to ‘feel sorry’ for a white adult female has had to set his word against two white people’s. ”

Racism was besides demonstrated throughout the narrative by how Tom Robinson was convicted strictly because he was a black adult male and his accuser was white. The grounds was so strongly in his favour. that race was clearly the individual shaping factor in the jury’s determination. Human nature was one of the subjects shown in Atticus’s address. It was shown when Atticus reminded the jury that non all Negroes prevarications. non all are immoral. and non all can be trusted around adult females – black or white. and that inkiness does non needfully tie in to evil. “… some Negroes prevarication. some Blacks are immoral. some Negro work forces are non to be trusted around adult females – black or white …” Atticus so farther appealed to the jury the honest of nature. “… this is a truth that applies to the human race and to no peculiar race of work forces. There is non a individual in this courtroom who has ne’er told a prevarication. who has ne’er done an immoral thing. and there is no adult male life who has ne’er looked upon a adult female without desire. ”

Last. the subject equality was demonstrated when Atticus said that the tribunal was the one establishment that must ever handle all work forces every bit. and he so discharged the jury to support the sedate duty of the American tribunal system. “… there is one manner in this state in which all work forces are created equal – there is one human establishment that makes a pauper the equal of a Rockefeller. the stupid adult male the equal of an Einstein. and the nescient adult male the equal of any college president. That establishment. gentlemen. is a tribunal. It can be the Supreme Court of the United States or the humblest J. P. tribunal in the land. or this honest tribunal which you serve. Our tribunals have their mistakes. as does any human establishment. but in this state our tribunals are the great levellers. and in our tribunals all work forces are created equal … I am confident that you gentlemen will reexamine without passion the grounds you have heard. come to a determination. and to reconstruct this suspect to his household. In the name of God. make your responsibility. ”