NEW DELHI — India and Pakistan agreed on Wednesday to ease tensenesss in disputed Kashmir by purely detecting a decade-old armistice after five soldiers were killed in recent clangs. an Indian ground forces spokesman said. The military commanding officers of the two ground forcess spoke by telephone for 10 proceedingss and reached an understanding non to let the state of affairs to intensify further. spokesman Col. Jagdeep Dahiya said. Three Pakistani soldiers and two Indian soldiers have died in the worst turn of contending in the part since the armistice was signed in 2003. India said one of its soldiers was beheaded.
The series of tit-for-tat onslaughts had threatened to rachet up up tensenesss between the two nuclear-armed neighbors. Earlier Wednesday. Pakistan accused Indian military personnels of killing one of its soldiers along the cease-fire line a twenty-four hours earlier. The Pakistani ground forces said the shot was motiveless and occurred in the Hot Spring and Jandot sectors of Pakistan-held Kashmir. However. Col. R. K. Palta. another Indian ground forces spokesman. said Pakistani military personnels fired at two Indian places utilizing little weaponries and howitzer fire on Tuesday dark in the Poonch sector of the Indian part of Kashmir. “Our military personnels didn’t fire at all. ” Palta said. Lt. Gen. K. T. Parnaik. an Indian commanding officer in charge of the troubled country. said. “We want to guarantee that we dominate the line of control and don’t allow them ( Pakistanis ) provoke us into doing it a hot line of control. ” In a mark of the lifting tensenesss. Pakistani Foreign Minister Hina Rabbani Khar accused India of “warmongering” in a address in New York on Tuesday. In New Delhi. Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh said his country’s dealingss with archrival Pakistan “ can non be concern as usual. ” India and Pakistan have been challengers for decennaries and have fought three wars. two of them over Kashmir.
The Himalayan part is divided between the two states. but each claims it in its entireness. Senior Pakistani and Indian functionaries are seeking to restrict the possible harm from the recent clangs to dealingss. which have easy warmed since Pakistani activists killed 166 people in the Indian coastal metropolis of Mumbai. They suspended peace negotiations after the Mumbai onslaught. but both states have economic and other grounds for desiring better ties. Still. the combat along the Kashmir boundary line high spots how easy simmering tenseness can flame up into struggle. The biggest hazard remains an onslaught by activists like the one in Mumbai that would probably scurry the rapprochement procedure one time once more. The tenseness has disrupted cultural and clean ties. Performances by a Pakistani theater group were cancelled in the western Indian metropolis of Jaipur and in the Indian capital following protests by hardline Hindu groups.
On Tuesday. nine Pakistani hockey participants who came to India to take part in a tourney were sent place. The tenseness comes every bit political convulsion is increasing in Islamabad. with Pakistan’s top tribunal telling the apprehension of the country’s premier curate in a corruptness instance. functionaries said. and a firebrand churchman beat uping 1000s of people in the capital against the authorities. On Monday. Indian ground forces head Gen. Bikram Singh accused Pakistan of be aftering the onslaughts that left the two Indian soldiers dead – doing clear he felt it was non an unwilled brush – and warned of possible revenge. “The onslaught on Jan. 8 was premeditated. a pre-planned activity. Such an operation requires be aftering. elaborate reconnaissance. ” Singh told newsmans.
He said India reserved the right to revenge at a “time and topographic point of its pick. ” Singh urged his military personnels to be “aggressive and violative in the face of aggravation and fire” from Pakistan. He said the alleged decapitation of the Indian soldier was “unacceptable and unpardonable” and accused Pakistan of go againsting the “ethics of warfare. ” The Kashmir combat began Jan. 6 when Pakistan accused Indian military personnels of busting an ground forces station and killing a soldier. India denied establishing the onslaught and said its military personnels had fired across the boundary line in response to Pakistani blasting that had destroyed an Indian place. Two yearss subsequently. India said Pakistani soldiers. taking advantage of heavy fog. crossed the de facto boundary line and killed two Indian soldiers. decapitating one. On Jan. 10. Pakistan said Indian military personnels had fired across the boundary line and killed another of its soldiers. The Pakistani ground forces said the shot was unprovoked. while the Indian armed forces said its military personnels were reacting to fire from across the frontier.
Pakistan denies India’s allegations and has suggested UN proctors in the part behavior an enquiry – a call that India rejected. stating it didn’t want to internationalise the issue. Pakistan and India struck a cease-fire understanding over Kashmir in November 2003. There have been periodic misdemeanors of the armistice. but the incidents during the past hebdomad have been the most serious. In Pakistan. the Supreme Court’s arrest order for Prime Minister Raja Pervaiz Ashraf on Tuesday was likely to inflame hostility between the authorities and the tribunal. The order is linked to allegations of corruptness in command on private power Stationss. Ashraf antecedently served as curate for H2O and power. The apprehension order could supply ammo for Tahir-ul-Qadri. a Muslim churchman who is taking monolithic protests in Islamabad to press for the remotion of the authorities. which he says is made up of corrupt politicians.
Read more: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. ctvnews. ca/world/india-pakistan-agree-to-ceasefire-after-recent-kashmir-fighting-1. 1116428 # ixzz2IRcmQp6j India and Pakistan Agree to Cease-Fire in Kashmir
THE WORLD
November 26. 2003
NEW DELHI — Taking a important measure to stop one of the world’s most unsafe struggles. nuclear-armed challengers India and Pakistan agreed to a armistice Tuesday aimed at holding 14 old ages of cross-border gun conflicts in the disputed Kashmir part. The cease-fire’s chances for success remained unsure because the activists who frequently launch lifelessly foraies from Pakistan into Indian-held district are non covered by the understanding. One analyst described the agreement. which restricts the countries’ conventional ground forcess from assailing each other. as more “symbolic than substantial. ”
Under force per unit area from the U. S. and Europe. New Delhi and Islamabad have been taking cautious stairss toward normalising dealingss. Analysts said the armistice could purchase the neighbours clip to strike a comprehensive trade on sharing Kashmir. The states last twelvemonth came to the threshold of a 4th war after India blamed Pakistan’s Inter-Services Intelligence bureau for a December 2001 assault on India’s Parliament edifice that left 14 people dead. including the five activists who launched the onslaught. The cease-fire involves a tinderbox in Indian-Pakistani dealingss: the Line of Control that divides Kashmir. drawn after the countries’ 1971 war. In the last 14 old ages. contending between their ground forcess — and India’s conflict with activists — has killed more than 65. 000 people. most of them civilians. The activists seek independency for the Indian-controlled part of Kashmir or its amalgamation with Pakistan. A yearlong letup in clangs along the Line of Control ended in July 2001. merely as Indian Prime Minister Atal Behari Vajpayee and Pakistani President Pervez Musharraf were approximately to get down a acme in Agra. near India’s famed Taj Mahal.
The armistice is important because it is the first clip in several old ages that the challengers have non dismissed an offer made by the other. said Husain Haqqani. a taking Pakistani journalist and sing bookman at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace in Washington. But India and Pakistan are still much further from a discovery on Kashmir than they were in 1998. Haqqani said. In that twelvemonth. Vajpayee and Pakistan’s then-prime curate. Nawaz Sharif. agreed to keep comprehensive peace negotiations at a acme in Lahore. Pakistan. which took topographic point early the following twelvemonth. Haqqani said Pakistan feels progressively threatened by India’s turning influence in Central Asia since the ejector of the Taliban government in Afghanistan. Political considerations in India and Pakistan besides make important motion toward enduring peace hard. he said. because India’s Hindu nationalist authorities is to name national elections next twelvemonth. and the country’s claim to the chiefly Muslim Kashmir is a beat uping point for the government’s protagonists.
Musharraf besides uses the difference to construct his support. “I don’t think there will be any serious grants from India. so the inquiry is how far can Gen. Musharraf travel in doing grants to India without. at some point. holding domestic reverberations in Pakistan. ” Haqqani said. On Tuesday. India’s Foreign Ministry announced that the armistice was finalized during a hebdomadal meeting between senior Pakistani and Indian military officers. A ministry statement said the understanding applies to the 450-mile-long Line of Control. every bit good as the international boundary line between India and Pakistan and the Siachen Glacier. Two yearss earlier. Pakistani Prime Minister Mir Zafarullah Khan Jamali offered the armistice to mark Eid al-Fitr. the Muslim festival taging the terminal of supplication and fasting during the holy month of Ramadan.
Short history of Kashmir difference
By Arjun Makhijani
1947: August 14/15. British India is partitioned into India and Pakistan as portion of the independency procedure. Majority Muslim countries in the West ( now all of Pakistan ) and East ( the topographic point now called Bangladesh ) signifier Pakistan. The British besides allow the nominal swayers of several hundred “princely provinces. ” who were revenue enhancement aggregators for the British and served at British pleasance. to make up one’s mind whether they wanted to fall in India or Pakistan. Pakistan demands Kashmir accede to it. The Hindu swayer of Kashmir does non do a pick. Kashmir has three major cultural countries: Ladakh in the Northwest. which is bulk Buddhist ; the Kashmir Valley ( controlled by India ) and the portion now controlled by Pakistan. which is bulk Muslim. and Jammu ( in the South ) . which is bulk Hindu. The overall bulk is Muslim. 1948: “Tribesmen” from Pakistan invade Kashmir with the support of the Pakistani authorities. The swayer of Kashmir asks India for aid. India demands that Kashmir should submit to India foremost. The swayer agrees. India sends forces to Kashmir and the invasion is blocked.
Kashmir is divided into a Pakistani controlled portion and an Indian controlled portion. This de facto divider continues to this day of the month with the spliting line being known as the Line of Control. 1948: India takes the Kashmir issue to the U. N. Security Council. which passes a declaration naming on Pakistan to make all it can “secure the withdrawal” of Pakistani citizens and “tribesmen” and inquiring that a plebiscite be held to find the wants of the people of Kashmir. Neither the force backdown nor the plebiscite has taken topographic point. 1962: India and China fight a boundary line war. China occupies a portion of Ladakh. 1965: India and Pakistan fight a boundary line war along the India-West Pakistan boundary line and the Line of Control in Kashmir. U. N. brokered cease fire and backdown to pre-war lines affirmed by the leaders of the two states at a 1966 acme meeting in Tashkent. USSR ( now Toshkent. Uzbekistan ) . 1970-1971: An election in ( East and West ) Pakistan consequences in an overall bulk for an East Pakistani party. which is ethnically chiefly Bengali.
The Pakistani military garbages to let the Parliament to convene. East Pakistanis demand liberty. so independency in the face of barbarous repression by the Pakistani military. Guerilla warfare ensues. About ten million refugees stream into India from East Pakistan. India besides provides sanctuary to Bangladeshi guerrilla. Pakistan attacks landing fields in India and Indian-controlled Kashmir. India strikes back in West Pakistan and besides intervenes in the East on the side of the Bangladeshis. The U. S. . in a “tilt” towards Pakistan. sends a nuclear-armed aircraft bearer. the Enterprise. and its battlegroup. to the part. in an inexplicit atomic menace to India ( which influences atomic political relations of India in favour of atomic proving ) . Pakistan loses the war on both foreparts and Bangladesh becomes independent. 1972: India and Pakistan sign a peace agreement. known as the Simla ( or Shimla ) understanding. harmonizing to which both sides agree “to settle their differences by peaceable agencies through bilateral dialogues or by any other peaceable agencies reciprocally agreed upon between them. ”
Both states agree that they will non one-sidedly seek to change the Line of Control in Kashmir. 1974: India tests a atomic device. Pakistan accelerates its atomic arms plan. 1980s: U. S. supports Islamic opposition to Soviet business of Afghanistan and besides the absolutism of Zia-ul-Haq in Pakistan. which promotes Islamic fundamentalism in Pakistan. Late eightiess: There is a state-level election in the Indian-controlled part of Kashmir. There is grounds of fraud. Combativeness rises in Kashmir. In 1989. the Soviets quit Afghanistan. Islamic activists from outside South Asia now become engaged in Kashmir. with the support of the Pakistani authorities.
The force in Kashmir becomes more dominated by foreign combatants and by spiritual fundamentalism. In the late eightiess and early 1990s. Hindu fundamentalism begins to go more powerful as a political force in India. 1990s: Violence intensifies in Kashmir. Islamic activists carry out cultural cleaning in the Kashmir Valley. terrorising non-Muslims. chiefly Kashmiri initiates. doing big Numberss of people to fly. chiefly to Jammu. Pakistan supports the cross boundary line infiltration. The Indian military responds with repression to the terrorist act. foreign infiltration. and the domestic insurgence. which are now all mixed up. There are serious human rights maltreatments on all sides. 1998: A alliance led by the Hindu-fundamentalist party. the BJP. comes to power in India. India and Pakistan carry out atomic arms trials and declare themselves atomic weapon provinces. Pakistan announces that it may. under certain fortunes. usage atomic arms foremost to neutralize India’s conventional high quality. doing mention to NATO’s Cold War philosophy of possible first usage in instance of a European war with the Soviets.
India says it will non utilize atomic arms foremost. 1999: Indian Prime Minister. Atal Behari Vajpayee. travels to Lahore. Pakistan for a peace meeting with Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif. There is great hope for peace. Three months subsequently Pakistan-based activists invade the Kargil country in Indian-controlled Kashmir. with the support of the armed forces. A military confrontation. with the possibility of atomic war. ensues. Nawaz Sharif travels to Washington and President Clinton convinces him to retreat Pakistani forces from Kargil. Confrontation ends. Nawaz Sharif is overthrown in a military putsch led by General Musharraf. one of the designers of the Kargil war. ( Musharraf proclaims himself President of Pakistan in the twelvemonth 2000. ) September 11. 2001: Well-known tragic events in the United States.
Terrorist onslaughts kill about 3. 000 people. October 1. 2001: A terrorist onslaught on the Kashmir province legislative assembly in Srinagar. 38 people are killed. October 7. 2001: U. S. launches a war in Afghanistan. under the rubric of the War on Terrorism. President Musharraf becomes a U. S. ally and allows Pakistan to go a base of operations for the United States. Al Qaeda. Taliban. and their protagonists in Pakistan feel terrible force per unit area. December 13. 2001: A terrorist onslaught on India’s Parliament. Fourteen people ( including five aggressors. every bit good as security guards and two civilians ) are killed. Aftermath of December 13: India mobilizes and moves 100s of 1000s of soldiers to the boundary line with Pakistan. including the Line of Control in Kashmir.
The danger of conventional and atomic war rises. May 14. 2002 to day of the month ( early Sept 2002 ) : A terrorist onslaught on households of Indian military mans. More than 30 people killed. India threatens to revenge. Pakistan makes inexplicit menaces of atomic arms use in instance of Indian onslaught. Peak of the conventional and atomic confrontation reached in May-June 2002. Greatest menace of atomic war since the Cuban missile crisis of 1962. U. S. military personnels and war scheme in the part imperiled. U. S. shuttle diplomatic negotiations defuses the immediate crisis as Pakistan promises to stop cross boundary line infiltration. India does non revenge. Tensions remain high and the menace of war and atomic arms use persists. India rejects OIC declaration on Kashmir
PRESS TRUST OF INDIA
New Delhi. Nov 20: India Tuesday strongly rejected as “factually wrong and deceptive references” made by the Organization of Islamic Cooperation ( OIC ) on Jammu and Kashmir in its 39th Session of the Council of Foreign Ministers. “We note with sorrow that the Organization of the Islamic Cooperation ( OIC ) has one time once more made factually wrong and deceptive mentions to affairs internal to India. including the Indian province of Jammu and Kashmir. which is an built-in portion of India. We reject all such references/resolutions. ” official interpreter in the Ministry of External
Affairs said. He was reacting to a inquiry on declarations adopted during the 39th Session of the CFMs of OIC held in Djibouti. Africa. last hebdomad. The OIC declaration said it is “noting with regret the Indian effort to badmouth the legitimate Kashmiri freedom battle by minimizing it as terrorist act and appreciating that the Kashmiris condemn terrorist act in all its signifiers and manifestations. ”
It besides said that “taking note of the study which confirmed that there are 2156 unidentified organic structures in mass Gravess in Kashmir and expressed concern that there is every possibility that the unidentified organic structures buried in assorted unmarked Gravess at 38 topographic points may incorporate organic structures of implemented disappearing instances because 574 are unidentified. ” Talking at the Contact Group meeting on Jammu and Kashmir. OIC Secretary General Ekmeleddin Ihsanoglu. reaffirmed the chief place of the OIC in to the full back uping the people of Jammu and Kashmir in their battle to accomplish their legitimate rights and stressed on sing new agencies for back uping them. He announced that the deputation of the following visit by the OIC Special Envoy to Jammu and Kashmir would include representatives of OIC subordinate and specialised variety meats that can assist present aid.
OIC RESOLUTION
OIC notes with sorrow Indian effort to badmouth legitimate Kashmiri freedom battle by minimizing it as terrorist act and appreciates that the Kashmiris condemn terrorist act in all its signifiers and manifestations. Taking note of the study which confirmed that there are 2156 unidentified organic structures in mass Gravess in Kashmir OIC expresses deep concern India rejects OIC mention to J & A ; K
Tribune News Service
New Delhi. November 20
India today rejected as “factually wrong and misleading” the mentions made by the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation ( OIC ) to Jammu and Kashmir at its Council of Foreign Ministers’ meeting in Djibouti. “We note with sorrow that the OIC has one time once more made factually wrong and deceptive mentions to affairs internal to India. including the Indian province of Jammu and Kashmir. which is an built-in portion of India. We reject all such references/resolutions. ” MEA spokesperson Syed Akbaruddin said in response to a inquiry. At its meeting last hebdomad. the OIC contact group reaffirmed its support to the people of J & A ; K in their battle to accomplish their “legitimate rights” and emphasised sing new agencies for endorsing them.
The meeting. which was attended by Pakistan Foreign Minister Hina Rabbani Khar. besides called for peaceable declaration of the J & A ; K issue in conformity with the wants and human rights of the Kashmiri people. India has routinely dismissed the declarations on Kashmir passed at the OIC meetings. New Delhi believes these declarations are constantly adopted at the insisting of Pakistan. Many OIC members have in private told India that they are non in understanding with the spirit of the declarations on Kashmir but O.K. them for the interest of consensus and besides because of the force per unit area from Islamabad. But their statement has non impressed New Delhi. which believes that other OIC members should snub Pakistan’s effort to internationalize what is fundamentally a bilateral issue between India and Pakistan.
The former princely province of Kashmir has been partitioned between India and Pakistan since 1947. to the satisfaction of neither state nor the Kashmiris themselves. Failure to hold on the position of the district by diplomatic agencies has brought India and Pakistan to war on a figure of occasions. and ignitied an insurgence that continued unabated for decennaries.
Partition
When India and Pakistan gained independency from British regulation in 1947. the assorted deluxe swayers were able to take which province to fall in. The Maharaja of Kashmir. Hari Singh. was the Hindu caput of a bulk Muslim province sandwiched between the two states. and could non make up one’s mind. He signed an interim “standstill” understanding to keep conveyance and other services with Pakistan. Islam is the dominant faith in the Kashmir Valley
In October 1947 tribesmen from Pakistan invaded Kashmir. spurred by studies of onslaughts on Muslims and frustrated by Hari Singh’s detaining tactics. The Maharaja asked for Indian military aid. India’s governor-general. Lord Mountbatten. believed peace would best be served by Kashmir’s fall ining India on a impermanent footing. pending a ballot on its ultimate position. Hari Singh signed the Instrument of Accession that month. yielding control over foreign and defense mechanism policy to India. Indian military personnels took two-thirds of the district. and Pakistan seized the northern balance. China occupied eastern parts of the province in the 1950s.
Dispute
Whether the Instrument of Accession or the entry of Indian military personnels came foremost remains a major beginning of difference between India and Pakistan. India insists that Hari Singh signed foremost. thereby legalizing the presence of their military personnels. Pakistan is inexorable that the Maharaja could non hold signed before the military personnels arrived. and that he and India had hence ignored the “standstill” understanding with Pakistan. The mountains of Kashmir. scene of a violent territorial difference Pakistan demands a referendum to make up one’s mind the position of Kashmir. while Delhi argues that. by voting in consecutive Indian province and national elections. Kashmiris have confirmed their accesson to India. Pakistan cites legion UN declarations in favor of a UN-run referendum. while India says the Simla Agreement of 1972 binds the two states to work out the job on a state-to-state footing. There has been no important motion from these places in decennaries. In add-on. some Kashmiris seek a 3rd option – independency – which neither India nor Pakistan is prepared to contemplate.
Line of Control
The two states fought wars over Kashmir in 1947-48 and 1965. They formalised the original ceasefire line as the Line of Control in the Simla Agreement. but this did non forestall farther clangs in 1999 on the Siachen Glacier. which is beyond the Line of Control. India and Pakistan came near to war once more in 2002.
The state of affairs was farther complicated by an Islamist-led insurgence that broke out in 1989. India gave the ground forces extra authorization to stop the insurgence under the controversial Armed Forces Special Powers Act ( AFSPA ) . Despite occasional reappraisals of the AFSPA. it still remains in force in Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir. In the summer of 2010. 20 old ages after the AFSPA was imposed in Jammu and Kashmir. pro-Pakistan and pro-independence public protests erupted. and clangs with Indian security forces left more than 100 people dead. Given that India and Pakistan both have atomic arms. the bets in the difference are high.
A melt in dealingss after 2002. which saw some route and rail communications into Pakistan reopened. ended suddenly with the 2008 panic onslaughts in Mumbai. India blamed Pakistani and Kashmiri Islamists. in peculiar the Lashkar-e-Toiba group. for the onslaughts. Negotiations between the two states on bettering ties across the Kashmiri Line of Control resumed in 2010. and dealingss easy started to better once more. By 2012. with India assuring an amnesty to those who took portion in the violent protests of 2010 and Pakistan bit by bit retreating fiscal support from insurrectionists contending Indian regulation in the Kashmir Valley. many former activists had become convinced of the futility of the armed battle against the Indian governments.
Division
The population of historic Kashmir is divided into about 10 million people in Indian-administrated Jammu and Kashmir and 4. 5 million in Pakistani-run Azad Kashmir. There are a farther 1. 8 million people in the Gilgit-Baltistan independent district. which Pakistan created from northern Kashmir and the two little princely provinces of Hunza and Nagar in 1970. Kashmir is renowned as a beginning for the all right wool known as cashmere The authorities of the Indian province of Jammu and Kashmir has frequently been led by the National Conference. a pro-Indian party led by the Abdullah political dynasty. Pakistan runs Azad Jammu and Kashmir as a autonomous province. in which the Muslim Conference has played a outstanding function for decennaries. The National Conference moved from an about pro-independence stance in the 1950s to accepting the position of a brotherhood province within India. albeit with more liberty than other provinces. Jammu and Kashmir is diverse in faith and civilization.
It consists of the heavily-populated and overpoweringly Muslim Kashmir Valley. the chiefly Hindu Jammu territory. and Ladakh. which has a approximately even figure of Buddhists and Shia Muslims. The Hindus of Jammu and the Ladakhis back India in the difference. although there is a run in the Leh District of Ladakh to be upgraded into a separate brotherhood district in order to reflect its preponderantly Buddhist individuality. India gave the two territories of Ladakh some extra liberty within Jammu and Kashmir in 1995. Kashmir’s economic system is preponderantly agricultural. The of import touristry sector in Indian-administered Kashmir was difficult hit by the post-1989 insurgence. but has late bounced dorsum and in 2011 a record 1. 1m tourers visited. chiefly from India itself. .
