Woodrow Wilson Essay, Research Paper

President Woodrow Wilson regarded himself as the personal representative of the

people. “ No 1 but the President, ” he said, “ seems to be

expected & # 8230 ; to look out for the general involvements of the state ” ( Internet

1 ) . He developed a plan of progressive reform and asserted international

leading in constructing a new universe order. In 1917 he proclaimed American & # 8217 ; s

entryway into World War I a campaign to do the universe “ safe for

democracy. ” Wilson had seen the troubles of war. He was born in

Virginia in 1856. The boy of a Presbyterian curate who during the Civil War

was a curate in Augusta, Georgia, and during Reconstruction a professor in the

charred metropolis of Columbia, South Carolina. After graduation from Princeton ( so

the College of New Jersey ) and the University of Virginia Law School, Wilson

earned his doctor’s degree at Johns Hopkins University and entered upon an academic

calling. In 1885 he married Ellen Louise Axson. Wilson advanced quickly as a

conservative immature professor of political scientific discipline and became president of

Princeton in 1902. His turning national repute led some conservative

Democrats to see him Presidential stuff. First they persuaded him to run

for Governor of New Jersey in 1910. In that run he asserted his

independency of the conservativists and of the machine that had nominated him,

backing a progressive platform, which he pursued as governor. He was nominated

for President at the 1912 Democratic Convention and campaigned on a plan

called the New Freedom, which stressed individuality and provinces & # 8217 ; rights. In the

tripartite election he received merely 42 per centum of the popular ballot but an

overpowering electoral ballot. Wilson dealt with Congress really efficaciously in his

presidential term. On April 2,1917, he asked Congress for a declaration of war on

Germany. Massive American attempt easy tipped the balance in favour of the

Allies. Wilson went before Congress in January 1918, to articulate American war

purposes through a a series of thoughts he had known as the Fourteen Points, this would

set up a general association of states beyond doubt vouching political

independency and territorial unity to great and little provinces likewise. After

the Germans signed the Armistice in November 1918, Wilson went to Paris to seek

to construct an digesting peace. He subsequently presented to the Senate the Versailles

Treaty, incorporating the Covenant of the League of Nations. The Versailles Treaty

was seven ballots diffident of being ratifid by the senate. The President, against the

warnings of his physicians, had made a national circuit to mobilise public sentiment

for the pact. President Wilson had aswell have many intercessions in states

such as: New Mexico, Mexico, Haiti, Dominican Republic, and Nicaragua Exhausted,

he suffered a shot and about died. Tenderly nursed by his 2nd married woman, Edith

Bolling Galt, he lived until 1924. The League of Nations was a former

international organisation that was formed after WORLD WAR I to advance

international peace and security. The League of Nations was provided int he utilize

of the Fourteen Points. The footing of the League, the Covenant, was written into

the Treaty of Versailles and other peace pacts and provided for an assembly,

a council, and a secretariat. A system of colonial authorizations was besides set up. The

U.S. , which failed to sign the Treaty of Versailles, ne’er became a member.

Based in Geneva, the League proved utile in settling minor international

differences, but was unable to halt aggression by major powers, Japan & # 8217 ; s business

of Manchuria ( 1931 ) , Italy & # 8217 ; s conquering of Ethiopia ( 1935-36 ) , and Germany & # 8217 ; s

ictus of Austria ( 1938 ) . It collapsed early in World War II and dissolved

itself in 1946. The League established the first form of permanent

international organisation and served as a theoretical account for its replacement, the UNITED

NATIONS. The Treaty of Versailles, signed on 1871 at the terminal of the

Franco-Prussian War by Bismarck. France was forced to give up most of Alsace and

Lorraine, pay a big insurance, and accept a German ground forces of business. The

Versailles Treaty of 1919 is the most celebrated of the pacts because it was the

main one stoping World War I. The Big Four negociating it were President WIlson,

Premier Clemenceau, Prime Minister Llyod George, and Premier Oralndo. The pact

called for the creative activity of the League of Nations. It forced on Germany the

load of reperations and placed bounds on German armed forces. It restored

Alsace and Lorraine to France, gave Prussian Poland and most of West Prussia to

Poland, made Danzig a free metropolis, put Germany & # 8217 ; s settlements under the League of

States, placed the Saar under French disposal, called for plebiscites in

assorted districts freshly freed from the Central Powers, mand called for the

demilitarization of the Rhineland. American resistance to the League of Nations

resulted in the refusal of the U.S. Senate to sign the pact. In 1935, Adolf

Hitler one-sidedly abrogated most of the footings of the Treaty of Versailles. The

Treaty of Paris was one of the most of import pacts signed at or near Paris.

The Treaty of 1763 was signed by Great Britain, France, and Spain. Together with

the Treaty of Hubertusburg it ended the Seven Years War. “ France lost

Canada to Britain, Cuba and the Philippines were restored to Spain, and India in

consequence passed to Britain ” ( Internet 2 ) . From this pact dated the colonial

and nautical domination of Britain. In the Treaty of 1783 Great Britain officially

acknowledged the independency of the Thirteen Colonies as the U.S. The pact

besides fixed the boundaries of the new state. In add-on, the warring European

powers-Britain against France and Spain, with the Dutch as armed

neutrals-effected a large-scale peace colony. Spain reacquired the Floridas

and Minorca from Britain, and Britain relinquished its limitations on the

Gallic port of Dunkirk. Otherwise, the territorial temperaments of the 1763

Treaty of Paris were reaffirmed. The Treaty of 1814 was concluded between France

on the one manus and Britain, Russia, Austria, and Prussia on the other after the

first stepping down of NApoleon I. Its commissariats ne’er went into consequence owing to

the return of Napoleon from Elba and the recommencement of the war. The Treaty of

1815 was signed after Napoleon & # 8217 ; s concluding resignation. Many commissariats of the pact

of 1814 and the Final Act of the Congress of Vienna remained adhering. France was

reduced to its 1790 boundary lines and was forced to pay 700 million francs in

reparations plus the costs of an ground forces of business for five old ages. After World

War I severeal pacts were signed ( 1919-20 ) in or near Paris, the most

of import of which was the Treaty of Versailles After World War II offprint

pacts were signed ( 1947 ) by the Allies at or near Paris with Italy, Romania,

Hungary, Bulgaria, and Finland. Woodrow Wilson had intercessions with New

Mexico. President Wilson had two foreparts to worry approximately ; Mexico and Europe. Below

his state, the Mexican Revolution was in full swing. Wilson had made his moves

in conformity to what he had felt was best for his state and its people. The

same went for Europe. He was making all he could make by merely maintaining the United

States out of the war. However, in relation to Europe and the World War, Wilson

knew that the United States was non traveling to be able to remain out of the war

everlastingly. After all, the Germans were taking a greater toll on the merchandiser ships

in the Atlantic. To truely see the state of affairs, one must look back at the election

of 1916. Presidents don & # 8217 ; t win elections by stating the people what they don & # 8217 ; T

privation to hear. Wilson was up for re-election that twelvemonth. He had been runing

on the platform of peace. His opposition, Charles Hughes, had favored teh thought of

the United States acquiring involved into World War I. Wilson used

every political

maneuver he knew to convey Hughes down. Hughes was called the “ war

campaigner ” ( Biography of Woodrow Wilson ) . Later, Wilson would even utilize the

slogan “ Wilson and Peace with Honor, or Hughes with Roosevelt and

War? ( Internet 1 ) ” So Wilson did what he had to make in order to remain in

office. By 1916, Wilson began to recognize where his state stood in relation to

those that were contending. He had been paying attending to the imperativeness to see the

consequences of the events that were blossoming. In peculiar, the Battle of the

Somme struck President Wilson with deep concern. At this conflict, the British

were on the violative against the Germans. The British bid called for a five

twenty-four hours assualt with heavy cannon. After the barrage, the soldiers were expected to

merely walk over claim the land. The violative failed and as a consequence, the

British suffered casualties near 70,000 in merely a few yearss clip. At that clip,

the United States military personel numbered less than 150,000. The United

States, at that rate, would hold merely been able to last for a few yearss if they

entered the war. This brings us to the chief point of this article ; Wilson had to

acquire his armed forces up in Numberss without interrupting his run promise to his

people. How was Wilson suppossed to make this? The reply was Pancho Villa. Pancho

Villa was a really predictable adult male. After the events down in Agua Prieta, Villa

was on a one class action, decease to all Americans. Villa made his first move in

January of 1916. Engineers from El Paso were on their manner to open up a mine down

in Mexico. They had been given confidences that there was nil to fear. While

enroute by manner of rail, the applied scientists were stopped and pulled off the train. All

were put down on their articulatio genuss and shooting in the dorsum of the caput. Villa had begun

to present his promise to the Americans. Wilson was cognizant of this. All he had to

bash was to wait for the right minute. Wilson & # 8217 ; s opportunity came in early March of

1916. Sometime around the 6th of March, U.S. intelligence began to direct studies

to Washington that Villa and his work forces had been seen along the boundary line near

Columbus. These studies would go on up until the 9th of March when Doroteo arango

eventually made his onslaught. Although history plays the onslaught as a suprise, events

taking up to the onslaught suggest that the U.S. authorities knew of Villa & # 8217 ; s

location and purposes. Merely prior to the onslaught, Lieutenant George Patton, who

was being stationed at Columbus, was ordered, along with the staying officers,

to go forth for a polo lucifer near Deming, New Mexico. Patton would subsequently note in

his journal that he had ne’er played the athletics before. Besides, when the onslaught did

occur, the imperativeness made a large trade about the machine guns being still in their

storage instances. Had Columbus known of Villa & # 8217 ; s location, it would hold been likely

that the machine guns would likely had been readied. Throughout his

presidential term, Wilson showed a form of intimidation and misrepresentation, and great desire

to affect the American people in wars that they had no desire to acquire into. The

foremost illustration is Mexico. Wilson had an intense personal hate of Mexico & # 8217 ; s

President, General Victotiano Huerta, because he had suppressed a left-wing

revolution. This hatred led Wilson to seek to arouse a war with Mexico. He got

his opportunity when a little figure of Americans where arrested in Mexican port of

Tampico. Knowing that Wilson was looking for an exuse for war, Huerta

instantly ordered the release of the Americans, and personally apologized to

them for the incident. But Wilson would non allow the state of affairs terminal at that. He

demanded more apologies, and even worse demanded that some of the Mexicans

involved salute the American flag! Imagine if you were a soldier in the American

Army and were ordered by a foreign leader to toast a foreign flag. Of class

the Mexicans refused, so Wilson got his opportunity to get down a war, and launched a

surprise onslaught on the hardly defended Mexican metropolis of Vera Cruz. Fortunately

for the young person of both states, Huerta was non as eager for war as Wilson. So

he got several Latin American authoritiess to mediate. Wilson demanded that any

peace be on the status of Huerta stepping down as president of Mexico.

Showing how much more of a adult male Huerta was than Wilson, Huerta agreed to Wilson & # 8217 ; s

demands instead than leting the war to go on. The consequences of Wilson & # 8217 ; s

warmongering were black for Mexico. The Wilson-backed government who came to

power after Huerta stepped down was excessively weak to keep his state together, and

Mexico fell into civil war. In a five month period Mexico City changed custodies six

times. The ill-famed Mexican brigand Pancho Villa about got control of Mexico in

the battle. Finally the Wilson-backed government of Venustiano Carranzo emerged

on top, but it was excessively weak to stamp down Villa, who led multiple foraies into the

United States. Wilson, of all time the mime of Mars, used Villa & # 8217 ; s foraies into the

United States to warrant barbarian incursions by the US Army into Mexico, which did

little more than do Villa a hero to the people of northern Mexico. The

Spanish-American War is frequently offered up as an illustration of American imperialism.

But Haiti is a much better one. Haiti besides vividly illustrates Wilson & # 8217 ; s true

character which he was so effectual in concealing from the populace. Wilson thought

France and Germany were going excessively influential in Haiti, and for this ground

invaded that crowned head democracy that neither did nor wanted to make any act

hostile to the United States. Soon after the Mariness had secured control of

Haiti, Wilson had a puppet authorities set up, and forced it to elect Phillippe

Dartiguenave president. Next, Wilson tired to coerce his marionettes to subscribe a pact

that would basically yield Haitian sovereignty to the United States. But the

marionettes would non subject, so Wilson declared soldierly jurisprudence and made Admiral

Caperton the absolute dictator over all of Haiti. Wilson once more tried to coerce

the Haitian authorities to subject to the same humiliating pact by keep backing

the wages of all authorities employees until they complied. They eventually gave

in. Wilson so held a show election for a constitutional assembly. When the

assembly met, Wilson merely had his military commanding officers order the delegates to

sign his ain fundamental law. They courageously refused, and are heroes every bit much as

those who took the Tennis Court Oath more than a century earlier ; but the

American general in bid, General Cole, dissolved the assembly, and decided

to keep a referendum on it. It was absurd, a type of election that Stalin would

have approved of, with armed soldiers at every polling topographic point, doing certain every

Haitian that might seek to vote against the American imposed fundamental law saw the

mistake of his determination. So much for Wilson the lover of democracy. Afterwards

Haiti became an absolutism under the American armed forces. The corvee was shortly

revived, and slavery returned to our Hemisphere. The American armed forces

commanding officers used Haitian slave labour chiefly to construct roads, which would let

them to rapidly travel military personnels to stamp down any opposition to American regulation. During

a rebellion against the American system of forced labour and military business,

the Marine Corps reports it killed 3250 Haitians ( History of Haiti ) . President

Wilson in 1916 established a military absolutism over the Dominican Republic.

Wilson besides had the Mariness occupy and subdue big portion of Nicaragua at that

authorities & # 8217 ; s petition. President Woodrow Wilson has been marked for his great

issue of foreign poilicy. Latin America was effected greatly by all the policies

that were promoted by President Wilson. Although some of his thoughts were denied,

such as the League of Nations, his attempt to unify the states has made a large

impact on American and Latin American history. Woodrow Wilson is the president

with the greatest intercession in Latin America.